occupational respiratory disease

職業性呼吸器疾患

WordNet

1. the period of time during which a place or position or nation is occupied; "during the German occupation of Paris"
2. the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money; "hes not in my line of business" (同)business, job, line of work, line
3. the control of a country by military forces of a foreign power (同)military control
4. the act of occupying or taking possession of a building; "occupation of a building without a certificate of occupancy is illegal" (同)occupancy, moving in
5. any activity that occupies a persons attention; "he missed the bell in his occupation with the computer game"
6. an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning
7. pertaining to respiration; "respiratory assistance"
8. of or relating to the activity or business for which you are trained; "occupational hazard"
9. caused by or altered by or manifesting disease or pathology; "diseased tonsils"; "a morbid growth"; "pathologic tissue"; "pathological bodily processes" (同)morbid, pathologic, pathological

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈C〉『職業』,仕事 / 〈C〉時間の使い方 / 〈U〉(…を)『占有すること』,(軍隊が)(…を)占領すること《+『of』+『名』》
2. (体の)『病気』,疾患 / (精神・道徳などの)病気,病弊
3. 女性の話術芸人 =diseur
4. 呼吸の,呼吸作用の,呼吸のための
5. 職業の
6. 病気にかかった / 病的な,不健全な(morbid)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/04 21:23:51」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

Occupational lung diseases are occupational diseases affecting the respiratory system, including occupational asthma, black lung disease (coalworker's pneumoconiosis), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), mesothelioma, and silicosis. Infectious lung diseases can also be acquired in an occupational context. Exposure to substances like flock and silica can cause fibrosing lung disease, whereas exposure to carcinogens like asbestos and beryllium can cause lung cancer. Occupational cases of interstitial lung disease may be misdiagnosed as COPD, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, or a myriad of other diseases; leading to a delay in identification of the causative agent.

Types of occupational lung diseases

Asbestosis

Main article: Asbestosis

Asbestosis is a fibrosing interstitial lung disease caused by exposure to forms of the mineral asbestos.

Asthma

Main article: Occupational asthma

Asthma is a respiratory disease that can begin or worsen due to exposure at work and is characterized by episodic narrowing of the respiratory tract. Occupational asthma has a variety of causes, including sensitization to a specific substance, causing an allergic response; or a reaction to an irritant that is inhaled in the workplace. Exposure to various substances can also worsen pre-existing asthma. People who work in isocyanate manufacturing, who use latex gloves, or who work in an indoor office environment are at higher risk for occupational asthma than the average US worker. Approximately 2 million people in the US have occupational asthma.

Coalworker's pneumoconiosis (black lung)

Main article: Coalworker's pneumoconiosis

Coalworker's pneumoconiosis, also called "black lung disease", is an interstitial lung disease caused by long-term exposure (over 10 years) to coal dust. Symptoms include shortness of breath and lowered pulmonary function. It can be fatal when advanced. Between 1970-1974, prevalence of CWP among US coal miners who had worked over 25 years was 32%; the same group saw a prevalence of 9% in 2005-2006.

COPD

Main article: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a respiratory disease that can encompass chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema. 15% of the cases of COPD in the United States can be attributed to occupational exposure, including exposure to silica and coal dust. People who work in mining, construction, manufacturing (specifically textiles, rubber, plastic, and leather), building, and utilities are at higher risk for COPD than the average US worker.

Indium lung

Main article: Indium lung

Indium lung is an interstitial lung disease caused by occupational exposure to indium tin oxide.

Mesothelioma

Main article: Mesothelioma

Mesothelioma is a cancer of the mesothelium, part of which is the pleura, the lining of the lungs. Mesothelioma is caused by exposure to asbestos.

Silicosis

Main article: Silicosis

Silicosis is a fibrosing interstitial lung disease caused by inhaling fine particles of silica, most commonly in the form of quartz or cristobalite. Short-term exposures of large amounts of silica or long-term (10 years or more) exposure of lower levels of silica can cause silicosis. In 1968, more than 1060 US workers died of silicosis; this number fell to 170 by 2005.

World Trade Center lung

Main article: World Trade Center lung

World Trade Center lung is a cluster of diseases caused by exposure to fallout at Ground Zero of the September 11 attacks in 2001. These diseases include asthma, asthmatic bronchitis, terminal airways disease, sarcoidosis, and acute eosinophilic pneumonia.

Occupational environmental exposure

Arsenic

Main article: Arsenic

Arsenic is classified as an IARC Group 1 carcinogen and is a cause of lung cancer. Workers can be exposed to arsenic through work with some pesticides or in copper smelting.

Asbestos

Main article: Asbestos

Asbestos is a mineral which was extensively used in the United States to fireproof buildings and textiles, among other items, in the 1950s-1980s. Workers are frequently exposed to asbestos during demolition and renovation work, which can cause asbestosis and/or mesothelioma. Asbestos exposure can also cause pleural effusion, diffuse pleural fibrosis, pleural plaques, and non-mesothelioma lung cancer. Smoking greatly increases the lung cancer risk of asbestos exposure.

BCME

Main article: BCME

BCME (Bis(chloromethyl) ether) is associated with small cell lung cancer in workers who have been exposed. Exposure can occur via direct manufacture of BCME or its presence as a byproduct.

Beryllium

Main article: Beryllium

Beryllium is classified as an IARC Group 1 carcinogen and is used in a wide variety of industries. Those who are manufacturing workers, dental technicians, machinists, jewelers, plumbers, electricians, precious metal reclamation workers, and welders are at risk for beryllium exposure.

Cadmium

Main article: Cadmium

Cadmium is classified as an IARC Group 1 carcinogen and it is a cause of several cancers, including lung cancer. Workers can be exposed to cadmium through welding, zinc smelting, copper smelting, lead smelting, electroplating, battery manufacture, plastics manufacture, and in alloying.

Chromium

Main article: Chromium

Chromium is classified as an IARC Group 1 carcinogen and is linked to lung cancer. Workers can be exposed to chromium via welding, steel manufacturing, pigment/dye manufacturing, and electroplating.

Coal dust

Main article: Coal dust

Exposure to coal dust is the cause of coalworker's pneumoconiosis. It can also exacerbate or cause COPD.

Diesel exhaust

Main article: Diesel exhaust

Diesel exhaust contains a variety of gaseous and particulate chemicals, including soot, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and other known carcinogens.

Flock

Main article: Flocking (texture)

Flocking is the technique of adding small pieces of nylon or other material to a backing, usually a textile, to create a contrasting texture. Inhalation of flock can cause flock worker's lung.

Nanoparticles

Main article: Nanoparticles

The high surface area to volume ratio of nanoparticles may make them an inhalation hazard for workers exposed to them. This is a topic of ongoing research as of 2015.

Nickel

Main article: Nickel

Nickel is classified by the IARC as a Group 1 carcinogen; nickel compound exposure is associated with nasal cancer as well as lung cancer. Workers may be exposed to nickel in machining/grinding industry, nickel extraction/production, welding, and electroplating.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Main article: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), fused-ring chemicals formed during the combustion of fossil fuels, are metabolized by the cytochrome P450 complex to highly reactive carbocations, which can mutate DNA and cause cancer. Workers may be exposed to PAHs while working in a foundry, in the roofing industry, or due to environmental tobacco smoke.

Silica

Main article: Silica

Besides causing silicosis, inhalation of silica can cause or exacerbate COPD. It can also impair lung function in general and cause cancer by oxidation damage. It is classified as a "known human carcinogen" (Group 1 carcinogen) by the IARC. Exposure is common for people working in tunneling, quarrying, construction, sandblasting, roadway repair, mining, and foundry work.

Tobacco smoke

Main article: Passive smoke

Tobacco smoke is a known carcinogen. Workers in the hospitality industry may be exposed to tobacco smoke in the workplace, especially in environments like casinos and bars/restaurants.

Infectious exposure

Influenza

Main article: Influenza

Health care professionals are at risk of occupational influenza exposure; during a pandemic influenza, anyone in a close environment is at risk, including those in an office environment.

Tuberculosis

Main article: Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is a lung disease endemic in many parts of the world. Health care professionals and prison guards are at high risk for occupational exposure to tuberculosis, since they work with populations with high rates of the disease.

Examples

• Pneumoconiosis
  • Asbestosis
  • Baritosis
  • Bauxite fibrosis
  • Berylliosis
  • Caplan's syndrome
  • Chalicosis
  • Coalworker's pneumoconiosis (black lung)
  • Siderosis
  • Silicosis
  • Byssinosis
• Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
  • Bagassosis
  • Bird fancier's lung
  • Farmer's lung

References

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 職業性喘息：臨床的特徴および診断 occupational asthma clinical features and diagnosis
• 2. 職業性喘息：管理、予後と予防 occupational asthma management prognosis and prevention
• 3. 職業性鼻炎 occupational rhinitis
• 4. 小児における急性呼吸窮迫の原因 causes of acute respiratory distress in children
• 5. 石綿肺症 asbestosis

English Journal

• Quantifying the risk of respiratory infection in healthcare workers performing high-risk procedures.

• Macintyre CR1, Seale H1, Yang P2, Zhang Y2, Shi W2, Almatroudi A1, Moa A1, Wang X2, Li X2, Pang X2, Wang Q2.
• Epidemiology and infection.Epidemiol Infect.2014 Sep;142(9):1802-8. doi: 10.1017/S095026881300304X. Epub 2013 Dec 5.
• SUMMARY This study determined the risk of respiratory infection associated with high-risk procedures (HRPs) performed by healthcare workers (HCWs) in high-risk settings. We prospectively studied 481 hospital HCWs in China, documented risk factors for infection, including performing HRPs, measured ne
• PMID 24308554

• Exposures and Cross-shift Lung Function Declines in Wildland Firefighters.

• Gaughan DM1, Piacitelli CA, Chen BT, Law BF, Virji MA, Edwards NT, Enright PL, Schwegler-Berry DE, Leonard SS, Wagner GR, Kobzik L, Kales SN, Hughes MD, Christiani DC, Siegel PD, Cox-Ganser JM, Hoover MD.
• Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene.J Occup Environ Hyg.2014 Sep;11(9):591-603. doi: 10.1080/15459624.2014.895372.
• Respiratory problems are common among wildland firefighters. However, there are few studies directly linking occupational exposures to respiratory effects in this population. Our objective was to characterize wildland fire fighting occupational exposures and assess their associations with cross-shif
• PMID 24568319

• Influenza Virus Infectivity and Virulence following Ocular-Only Aerosol Inoculation of Ferrets.

• Belser JA1, Gustin KM1, Katz JM1, Maines TR1, Tumpey TM2.
• Journal of virology.J Virol.2014 Sep 1;88(17):9647-54. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01067-14. Epub 2014 Jun 11.
• Respiratory pathogens have traditionally been studied by examining the exposure and infection of respiratory tract tissues. However, these studies typically overlook the role of ocular surfaces, which represent both a potential site of virus replication and a portal of entry for the establishment of
• PMID 24920819

Japanese Journal

• Coexisting infectious diseases on admission as a risk factor for mechanical ventilation in patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome

• Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ　ｏｆ　Ｅｐｉｄｅｍｉｏｌｏｇｙ 27(7), 311-316, 2017
• NAID 130005709468

• 診断に難渋した慢性C型肝炎合併肺原発非定型カルチノイド・肝転移の1例

• 肺癌 57(3), 205-210, 2017
• NAID 130005708241

• 関節リウマチを合併し，びまん性汎細気管支炎類似の病像を呈した成人T細胞性白血病の１剖検例

• Journal of UOEH = 産業医科大学雑誌 39(1), 55-61, 2017
• NAID 130005466723

Related Links

• CDC - Occupational Respiratory Disease Surveillance ...

Occupational respiratory disease surveillance is the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and dissemination of health and hazard data to monitor the extent and severity of occupationally-related lung disease and related workplace ...

• Occupational Respiratory Disease - Health Education ...

Information about occupational respiratory disease from the American Academy of Family Physicians. ... Who is at risk for work-related lung disease? You may be at risk for work-related lung disease if the air you breathe at work ...

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「職業性呼吸器疾患」
関連記事	「disease」「occupation」「respiratory」「occupational」「respiratory disease」

「職業性呼吸器疾患」

　　[★]

英

occupational respiratory disease

「disease」

　　[★]

• n.

疾患：illnessより厳密な概念。「ある臓器に明確な障害が確認され、それによって症状が出ているとはっきり説明できる場合」 (PSY.9)

特定の原因、病態生理、症状、経過、予後、病理組織所見が全てそろった場合 (PSY.9)

• something that is very wrong with people's attitudes, way of life or with society.

関

ail、ailment、disease entity、disorder、ill、illness、malady、sick、sickness

• 注意

disease ≠ illness ≠ disorder

　 　 　

「occupation」

　　[★]

• n.

• 従事すること、活動、仕事、時間の過ごし方。つとめ、職業、生業
• 占有。占有権。(地位・官職を)閉めること。居住。占領、占拠。占領期間

関

(adj.)occupational

　 　 　 　 　 　

「respiratory」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 呼吸の、呼吸器の、呼吸性の

関

breath、breathe、breathing、respiration、respiratory mechanics、respiratory organ、respiratory tract

　 　

「occupational」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 職業の、職業上の、職業から起こる。占領の

関

(n.)occupation

関

occupationally、vocational、vocationally

　 　

「respiratory disease」

　　[★]

関

lung disease

関

lung disease