関: nitroxide、NOx

WordNet

a common nonmetallic element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless inert diatomic gas; constitutes 78 percent of the atmosphere by volume; a constituent of all living tissues (同)N, atomic number 7
any compound of oxygen with another element or a radical

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『窒素』(気体元素;化学記号は『N』)
酸化物

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/10/25 18:18:13」(JST)

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Nitrogen oxide may refer to a binary compound of oxygen and nitrogen, or a mixture of such compounds:

Nitric oxide, also known as nitrogen monoxide, (NO), nitrogen(II) oxide
Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), nitrogen(IV) oxide
Nitrous oxide (N₂O), nitrogen(−I,III) oxide
Nitrosylazide (N₄O), nitrogen(−I,0,I,II) oxide
Nitrate radical (NO₃), nitrogen(VI) oxide
Dinitrogen trioxide (N₂O₃), nitrogen(II,IV) oxide
Dinitrogen tetroxide (N₂O₄), nitrogen(IV) oxide
Dinitrogen pentoxide (N₂O₅), nitrogen(V) oxide
Trinitramide (N(NO₂)₃), nitrogen(0,IV) oxide

In atmospheric chemistry, air pollution, and related fields, nitrogen oxides refers specifically to NO_x (NO and NO₂).^[1]^[2]

Only the first three of these compounds can be isolated at room temperature. N₂O₃, N₂O₄, and N₂O₅ all decompose rapidly at room temperature. NO₃, N₄O, and N(NO₂)₃ are very reactive.

N₂O is stable and rather unreactive at room temperature, while NO and NO₂ are quite reactive but nevertheless quite stable when isolated.

Nitric oxide, NO
Nitrogen dioxide, NO₂
Nitrous oxide, N₂O
Dinitrogen trioxide, N₂O₃
Dinitrogen tetroxide, N₂O₄
Dinitrogen pentoxide, N₂O₅
Trinitramide, N(NO₂)₃

NO_x

NO_x (often written NOx) refers to NO and NO₂. They are produced during combustion, especially at high temperature. These two chemicals are important trace species in Earth's atmosphere. In the troposphere, during daylight, NO reacts with partly oxidised organic species (or the peroxy radical) to form NO₂, which is then photolysed by sunlight to reform NO:

NO + CH₃O₂ → NO₂ + CH₃O

NO₂ + sunlight → NO + O

The oxygen atom formed in the second reaction then goes on to form ozone; this series of reactions is the main source of tropospheric ozone. CH₃O₂ is just one example of many partly oxidised organic molecules that can react with NO to form NO₂.

These reactions are rather fast so NO and NO₂ cycle, but the sum of their concentration ([NO] + [NO₂]) tends to remain fairly constant. Because of this cycling, it is convenient to think of the two chemicals as a group; hence the term NO_x.

In addition to acting as a main precursor for tropospheric ozone, NO_x is also harmful to human health in its own right.

NO_x may react with water to make nitric acid, which may end up in the soil, where it makes nitrate, which is of use to growing plants.

Derivatives

Oxidized (cationic) and reduced (anionic) derivatives of many of these oxides exist: nitrite (NO−
2), nitrate (NO−
3), nitronium (NO+
2), and nitrosonium (NO+
). NO₂ is intermediate between nitrite and nitronium:

NO+
2 + e⁻ → NO₂

NO₂ + e⁻ → NO−
2

References

^ United States Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. § 7602
^ Seinfeld, John H.; Pandis, Spyros N. (1997), Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change, Wiley-Interscience, ISBN 0-471-17816-0

This set index page lists chemical compounds articles associated with the same name.
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1. 新生児脳症の病因および発症機序 etiology and pathogenesis of neonatal encephalopathy
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English Journal

Glycine restores glutathione and protects against oxidative stress in vascular tissue from sucrose-fed rats.

Ruiz-Ramírez A, Ortiz-Balderas E, Cardozo-Saldaña G, Diaz-Diaz E, El-Hafidi M.Source*Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología 'Ignacio Chávez', Juan Badiano 1, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City, D.F. 14080, Mexico.
Clinical science (London, England : 1979).Clin Sci (Lond).2014 Jan 1;126(1):19-29. doi: 10.1042/CS20130164.
The attenuation of oxidative stress could be an important mechanism whereby the incidence of vascular complications in the MS (metabolic syndrome) may be diminished. The present study was undertaken to investigate the mechanism by which glycine, supplemented to the diet of SF (sucrose-fed) rats, mod
PMID 23742196

Full-scale biological treatment of tannery wastewater using the novel microbial consortium BM-S-1.

Kim IS, Ekpeghere KI, Ha SY, Kim BS, Song B, Kim JT, Kim HG, Koh SC.Sourcea Department of Environmental Engineering , Korea Maritime University , Busan , Republic of Korea.
Journal of environmental science and health. Part A, Toxic/hazardous substances & environmental engineering.J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng.2014;49(3):355-64. doi: 10.1080/10934529.2014.846707.
In order to develop a more effective and eco-friendly treatment technology, a full-scale tannery wastewater treatment plant with a sludge digestion system was augmented with a novel microbial consortium (BM-S-1). The aim of this study was to determine if the BM-S-1 could successfully treat the tanne
PMID 24279627

The microbial communities and potential greenhouse gas production in boreal acid sulphate, non-acid sulphate, and reedy sulphidic soils.

Simek M, Virtanen S, Simojoki A, Chroňáková A, Elhottová D, Krištůfek V, Yli-Halla M.SourceBiology Centre AS CR, v. v. i., Institute of Soil Biology, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic. Electronic address: misim@upb.cas.cz.
The Science of the total environment.Sci Total Environ.2014 Jan 1;466-467:663-72. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.083. Epub 2013 Aug 19.
Acid sulphate (AS) soils along the Baltic coasts contain significant amounts of organic carbon and nitrogen in their subsoils. The abundance, composition, and activity of microbial communities throughout the AS soil profile were analysed. The data from a drained AS soil were compared with those from
PMID 23962436