midgut

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/10/03 21:07:07」(JST)

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Midgut
The midgut and hindgut.
Details
Latin	Mesenteron
Carnegie stage	10
Precursor	Mesenchyme
Identifiers
TE	E5.4.7.0.0.0.2
FMA	45617
Anatomical terminology

The midgut is the portion of the embryo from which most of the intestines develop. After it bends around the superior mesenteric artery, it is called the "midgut loop". It comprises the portion of the alimentary canal from the end of the foregut at the opening of the bile duct to the hindgut, about two-thirds of the way through the transverse colon.

Development

During development, the human midgut undergoes a rapid phase of growth in which the loop of midgut herniates outside of the abdominal cavity of the fetus and protrudes into the umbilical cord. This herniation is physiological (occurs normally). Later in development, the fetus's body catches up in size relative to the size of its own midgut and thereby creates adequate room in the abdominal cavity for the entirety of the midgut to reside. Thus, the midgut loops slips back out of the umbilical cord and the physiological hernia ceases to exist. This change coincides with the termination of the yolk sac and the counterclockwise rotation of the two limbs of the midgut loop around their combined central axis.

Structures in the adult midgut

• Duodenum (distal half of 2nd part, 3rd and 4th parts)
• Jejunum
• Ileum
• Cecum
• Appendix
• Ascending colon
• Hepatic flexure of colon
• Transverse colon (proximal two-thirds)

Vascular, lymphatics and innervation

Arterial supply to the midgut is from the superior mesenteric artery, an unpaired branch of the aorta. Venous drainage is to the portal venous system. Lymph from the midgut drains to prevertebral superior mesenteric nodes located at the origin of the superior mesenteric artery from the aorta. Portal drainage carries all non-lipid nutrients from digestion to the liver for processing and detoxification, while lymphatic drainage carries fatty chyle to the cisterna chyli. Autonomic innervation of the midgut is from the superior mesenteric plexus.

Clinical relevance

• Malrotation of the midgut during development can lead to volvulus.
• Pain in the midgut is referred to the umbilical region (around the umbilicus (belly button)).

There exist certain diseases in which this physiological hernia does not spontaneously resolve, thus creating pathology. The most common of these is omphalocele. In omphalocele, there is a defect in the development of the anterior abdominal wall. Thus, a permanent outpouching of peritoneum through the umbilicus exists, unless surgically corrected.

See also

• Foregut
• Hindgut

References

External links

• digest-020—Embryo Images at University of North Carolina
• radio/450 at eMedicine – "Midgut Volvulus"
• 00494 at CHORUS

• Umich.edu – development

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• Cloning, characterization and transmission blocking potential of midgut carboxypeptidase A in Anopheles stephensi.

• VenkatRao V1, Kumar SK1, Sridevi P2, Muley VY3, Chaitanya RK4.
• Acta tropica.Acta Trop.2017 Apr;168:21-28. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.12.035. Epub 2017 Jan 10.
• Transmission-blocking vaccines (TBV) interrupt malaria parasite transmission and hence form an important component for malaria eradication. Mosquito midgut exopeptidases such as aminopeptidase N & carboxypeptidase B have demonstrated TBV potential. In the present study, we cloned and characteriz
• PMID 28087198

• Identification, characterization and expression analysis of superoxide dismutase genes in Dastarcus helophoroides (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae).

• Zhang Z1, Guo R1, Li M2.
• Gene.Gene.2017 Mar 30;606:25-34. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.01.003. Epub 2017 Jan 6.
• Dastarcus helophoroides, a predatory natural enemy of longhorned beetles, has a relatively longer lifespan compared to other insects. To determine the potential physiological roles of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) in longevity and aging of D. helophoroides, analyses including molecu
• PMID 28069550

• Deficiency of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1 decreases triacylglycerol storage and induces fatty acid oxidation in insect fat body.

• Alves-Bezerra M1, Ramos IB2, De Paula IF2, Maya-Monteiro CM3, Klett EL4, Coleman RA5, Gondim KC6.
• Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2017 Mar;1862(3):324-336. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.12.004. Epub 2016 Dec 9.
• Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases (GPAT) catalyze the initial and rate-limiting step for the de novo synthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG). Four mammalian GPAT isoforms have been identified: the mitochondria-associated GPAT1 and 2, and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated GPAT3 and 4. In the i
• PMID 27956137

Japanese Journal

• Intestinal Rotation and Physiological Umbilical Herniation During the Embryonic Period

• The Anatomical Record 299(2), 197-206, 2016-02
• NAID 120005844266

• In vitro analysis of the effect of supplementation with activated charcoal on the equine hindgut

• Journal of Equine Science 27(2), 49-55, 2016
• NAID 130005158517

• Phylogenetically Diverse Burkholderia Associated with Midgut Crypts of Spurge Bugs, Dicranocephalus spp. (Heteroptera: Stenocephalidae)

• Microbes and Environments 31(2), 145-153, 2016
• NAID 130005158505

Related Links

• midgut - definition of midgut by Medical dictionary

midgut /mid·gut/ (mid´gut) the region of the embryonic digestive tube into which the yolk sac opens and which gives rise to most of the intestines; ahead of it is the foregut and caudal to it is the hindgut. mid·gut (mĭd′gŭt′) n. 1. The ...

• Midgut | Define Midgut at Dictionary.com - Dictionary.com ...

Midgut definition, the middle portion of the vertebrate alimentary canal, posterior to the stomach or gizzard and extending to the cecum, functioning in the digestion and absorption of food; the small intestine. See more. Thesaurus ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「下腸間膜動脈」「前腸」

「下腸間膜動脈」

　　[★]

英

inferior mesenteric artery (Z), IMA

ラ

arteria mesenterica inferior

関

上腸間膜動脈

• L3

起始

• 腹大動脈

枝

腹腔動脈	foregut	前腸に由来する臓器(食道下部、胃、十二指腸、肝臓、胆嚢、膵臓)、脾臓 stomach to proximal duodenum; liver, gallbladder, pancreas
上腸間膜動脈	midgut	distal duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon
下腸間膜動脈	hindgut	distal 1/3 of transverse colon to upper portion of rectum

Henry Gray (1825-1861). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918.

-IMA

「前腸」

　　[★]

英

foregut, pre-enteron

関

[[]]

腹腔動脈	foregut	前腸に由来する臓器(下気道(肺)、食道下部、胃、十二指腸、肝臓、胆嚢、膵臓)、脾臓 stomach to proximal duodenum; liver, gallbladder, pancreas
上腸間膜動脈	midgut	distal duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon
下腸間膜動脈	hindgut	distal 1/3 of transverse colon to upper portion of rectum