WordNet

the act of mastering or subordinating someone (同)subordination
be or become completely proficient or skilled in; "She mastered Japanese in less than two years" (同)get the hang
an original creation (i.e., an audio recording) from which copies can be made (同)master copy, original
an officer who is licensed to command a merchant ship (同)captain, sea_captain, skipper
an authority qualified to teach apprentices (同)professional
directs the work of others
someone who holds a masters degree from academic institution
have a firm understanding or knowledge of; be on top of; "Do you control these data?" (同)control
the act of making a master recording from which copies can be made; "he received a bill for mastering the concert and making 100 copies"
becoming proficient in the use of something; having mastery of; "his mastering the art of cooking took a long time"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(…に対する)支配,統御《+『of(over)』+『名』》 / (…に)熟達していること,精進していること《+『of』+『名』(do『ing』)》
〈C〉『主人』,支配者(人),雇主;(動物の)飼い主 / 〈C〉(…を)自由に駆使できる人,如理する能力のある人《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(…の)『大家』,『名人』,精通者;師匠《+『of』(『in, at』)+『名』(do『ing』)》 / 〈C〉(商船の)船長 / 〈C〉(学校の男の)『先生』 / 《the M-, our M-》主キリスト(Jesus Christ) / 〈C〉《しばしばM-》修士;修士号 / 〈U〉《M-》《古》…様 / 〈C〉(レコードなどの)原盤,金型,(フイル専の)原板,ネガ / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》 / 一本立ちで仕事のできる職人の,自営の / 主要な,最上の / 腕のいい,名人の,達人の / (機械・レコードなどの)親になる,元になる / 〈人・物〉‘を'『征服する』,支配する;〈感情・欲望〉‘を'『抑える』 / 〈特技・技術など〉‘を'修得する,‘に'熟達する

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/01/02 21:51:10」(JST)

wiki en

A skill is the learned ability to carry out a task with pre-determined results often within a given amount of time, energy, or both^{[citation needed]}. In other words the abilities that one possesses. Skills can often be divided into domain-general and domain-specific skills. For example, in the domain of work, some general skills would include time management, teamwork and leadership, self motivation and others, whereas domain-specific skills would be useful only for a certain job. Skill usually requires certain environmental stimuli and situations to assess the level of skill being shown and used.

People need a broad range of skills in order to contribute to a modern economy. A joint ASTD and U.S. Department of Labor study showed that through technology, the workplace is changing, and identified 16 basic skills that employees must have to be able to change with it.^[1]

Labor skills

Skilled workers have long had historical import (see Division of labor) as masons, carpenters, blacksmiths, bakers, brewers, coopers, printers and other occupations that are economically productive. Skilled workers were often politically active through their craft guilds.^[2]

Life skills

Life skills are problem solving behaviors used appropriately and responsibly in the management of personal affairs. They are a set of human skills acquired via learning (teaching) or direct experience that are used to handle problems and questions commonly encountered in daily human life. The subject varies greatly depending on societal norms and community expectations.

People skills

According to the Portland Business Journal, people skills are described as:^[3]

understanding ourselves and moderating our responses
talking effectively and empathizing accurately
building relationships of trust, respect and productive interactions.

A British definition is “the ability to communicate effectively with people in a friendly way, especially in business.”^[4] The term is not listed yet in major US dictionaries.^[5]^[6]

The term people skills is used to include both psychological skills and social skills, but is less inclusive than life skills.

Social skills

Social skill is any skill facilitating interaction and communication with others. Social rules and relations are created, communicated, and changed in verbal and nonverbal ways. The process of learning such skills is called socialization.

Soft skills

Soft skills is a sociological term relating to a person's "EQ" (Emotional Intelligence Quotient), the cluster of personality traits, social graces, communication, language, personal habits, friendliness, and optimism that characterize relationships with other people.^[7] Soft skills complement hard skills (part of a person's IQ), which are the occupational requirements of a job and many other activities.

Hard skills

Hard skills are any skills relating to a specific task or situation. These skills are easily quantifiable unlike soft skills which are related to one's personality.^[8]

Mastering skills

Mastery pertains to perfecting a particular skill set. To reach mastery, authors Malcolm Gladwell and Robert Greene claim that 10,000 hours of work will have to be put into training.^[9]

References

^ joint ASTD and U.S. Department of Labor study -Retraining 50 Million Americans: The Electronically Mediated Solution". Retrieved 2012-03-15.
^ Cowan, Ruth Schwartz (1997), A Social History of American Technology, New York: Oxford University Press, p. 179, ISBN 0-19-504605-6
^ Rifkin, H. “Invest in people skills to boost bottom line” Retrieved on 2009-10-14
^ “Macmillan Dictionary” Retrieved on 2009-08-18
^ Dictionary.com definition. Retrieved on 2009-08-18
^ Encarta dictionary definition. Retrieved on 2009-08-18
^ Career Opportunities News, 2002
^ http://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hard-skills.asp
^ Robert Greene (American author)#Mastery

External links

American Society for Training & Development
Australian National Training Authority
NCVER's Review of generic skills for the new economy
SKILLS EU Research Integrated Project

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 成人における神経性無食欲症：認知行動療法（CBT） anorexia nervosa in adults cognitive behavioral therapy cbt
2. 小児単極性うつ病：心理社会的治療 pediatric unipolar depression psychotherapy
3. 小児および青年における恐怖および恐怖症の概要 overview of fears and phobias in children and adolescents
4. トイレトレーニング toilet training
5. 米国の小児における学校の準備 school readiness for children in the united states

English Journal

Understanding Sociobehavioral Mitigators of Depressive Symptoms among U.S. Young Adults.

Deng Y1, Lee K2, Lam MH3, Lee PH4.
Behavioral medicine (Washington, D.C.).Behav Med.2016 Oct-Dec;42(4):217-26. doi: 10.1080/08964289.2014.987718. Epub 2015 Jan 13.
This study drew upon an ecological system framework to examine a model focusing on the interrelationship among depressive symptoms, sense of mastery, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), religiosity, and relations with parents and romantic partners among U.S. young adults aged 24 to 34. Cr
PMID 25584495

Emotional suppression, caregiving burden, mastery, coping strategies and mental health in spousal caregivers.

Khalaila R1, Cohen M2.
Aging & mental health.Aging Ment Health.2016 Sep;20(9):908-17. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2015.1055551. Epub 2015 Jun 16.
OBJECTIVES: The main aim was to explore the multiple mediation effects of personal resources (mastery, engagement and disengagement coping strategies) between caregiving burden and depression in spousal caregivers, based on integrated stress process models. A further aim was to examine whether emoti
PMID 26077991

Psychological factors mediate key symptoms of fibromyalgia through their influence on stress.

Malin K1,2, Littlejohn GO3.
Clinical rheumatology.Clin Rheumatol.2016 Sep;35(9):2353-7. doi: 10.1007/s10067-016-3315-9. Epub 2016 May 31.
The clinical features of fibromyalgia are associated with various psychological factors, including stress. We examined the hypothesis that the path that psychological factors follow in influencing fibromyalgia symptoms is through their direct effect on stress. Ninety-eight females with ACR 1990 clas
PMID 27245234

Japanese Journal

蘭学から英学へ : 津田仙を通して

コミュニケーション科学 = The Journal of Communication Studies (43), 107-120, 2016-02-24
NAID 120005714007

女子大学生における進路選択に対する自己効力および社会人基礎力の研究

學苑 904, 10-20, 2016-02-01
NAID 110010016040

Cultural leisure activities, recovery and work engagement among hospital employees

Industrial Health advpub(0), 2016
NAID 130005121793

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