関: acariasis、mite infestation、sarcoptic mange、scabies

WordNet

a persistent and contagious disease of the skin causing inflammation and itching and loss of hair; affects domestic animals (and sometimes people)
a contagious skin infection caused by the itch mite; characterized by persistent itching and skin irritation; "he has a bad case of the itch" (同)itch
infestation with itch mites (同)acariosis, acaridiasis
sweet almond-flavored milk pudding thickened with gelatin or cornstarch; usually molded
beet with a large yellowish root; grown chiefly as cattle feed (同)mangold-wurzel, mangold, Beta vulgaris vulgaris
cultivated as feed for livestock
a container (usually in a barn or stable) from which cattle or horses feed (同)trough
someone who prevents you from enjoying something that they themselves have no need for
take charge of a certain job; occupy a certain work place; "Mr. Smith manned the reception desk in the morning"
game equipment consisting of an object used in playing certain board games; "he taught me to set up the men on the chess board"; "he sacrificed a piece to get a strategic advantage" (同)piece
an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman); "there were two women and six men on the bus" (同)adult_male
a male person who plays a significant role (husband or lover or boyfriend) in the life of a particular woman; "she takes good care of her man"
a male subordinate; "the chief stationed two men outside the building"; "he awaited word from his man in Havana"
an adult male person who has a manly character (virile and courageous competent); "the army will make a man of you"
the generic use of the word to refer to any human being; "it was every man for himself"
provide with workers; "We cannot man all the desks"; "Students were manning the booths"

PrepTutorEJDIC

かいせん(犬・牛などがかかる皮膚病)
かいせん,ひぜん(ダニの寄生による伝染性皮膚病)
ブラマンジエ(牛乳とコーンスターチで作った甘いブディング)
飼い葉おけ,まぐさおけ
〈C〉(成人の)『男』,男子;(男の)おとな / 〈U〉《冠詞をつけないで》(動物と区別して)『人類』,『人』,人間(mankind) / 〈C〉《性別に関係なく用いて》人;《否定文で》だれも / 《複数形で》従業員,雇い人;兵士,下士官 / 〈C〉夫,亭主(husband);《話》(内縁の夫,愛人など同棲している)男 / 〈C〉男らしい男,一人前の男 / 《the~,one's~》うってつけの人,意にかなう人,適任者 / 〈U〉《男性に親しく呼び掛けて》君,おい / 《俗》《驚き・喜び・軽べつなどを表す間投詞として》おや,まあ,これは / 〈C〉(将棋・チェッカーなどの)こま / 〈C〉《the~》《米俗》権力者;警官 / 〈要さい・砲・船など〉‘に'人を配置する;〈地位・勤務など〉‘に'人をつける

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/04/13 13:10:44」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Mange is also a nickname for the name Magnus.

Mange (pron.: /ˈmeɪnʒ/) is a class of skin diseases caused by parasitic mites.^[1] Since mites also infect plants, birds, and reptiles, the term "mange", suggesting poor condition of the hairy coat due to the infection, is sometimes reserved only for pathological mite-infestation of nonhuman mammals. Thus, mange includes mite-associated skin disease in domestic animals (cats and dogs), in livestock (such as sheep scab), and in wild animals (for example, coyotes, cougars, and bears).^[2]^[3] Since mites belong to the arachnid subclass Acari (also called Acarina), another term for mite infestation is acariasis.

Parasitic mites that cause mange in mammals embed themselves either in skin or hair follicles in the animal, depending upon their genus. Sarcoptes spp. burrow into skin, while Demodex spp. live in follicles.

In humans, these two types of mite infections, which would otherwise be known as "mange" in furry mammals, are instead known, respectively, as scabies and demodicosis. However, the mites that cause these diseases in humans are closely related to those that cause the mange in other mammals.

Types of mange

Two types of pet-associated mites afflict dogs and cats with a type of hair-losing dermatitis, and each type has characteristic symptoms.

Demodectic mange in dogs

Main article: Demodicosis

A dog with severe demodectic mange

Also called demodicosis or red mange, demodectic mange is caused by a sensitivity to and overpopulation of Demodex canis if the animal's immune system is unable to keep the mites under control. The two types of demodectic mange are localized and generalized. Localized consists of four spots or less. Most dogs are immune to demodectic mange, however dogs with compromised immune systems and the elderly are at a higher risk. It is not contagious to humans.

A type of demodetic infection in humans is known, but is less commonly symptomatic. See Demodex folliculorum.

Sarcoptic mange

A street dog in Bali, Indonesia, suffers from sarcoptic mange

Sarcoptes scabiei

Puppy with sarcoptic mange

Also known as canine scabies, sarcoptic mange is a highly contagious infestation of Sarcoptes scabiei canis, a burrowing mite. The canine sarcoptic mite can also infest cats, pigs, horses, sheep and various other species. The human analog of burrowing mite infection, due to a closely related species, is called scabies (the "seven year itch").

All these burrowing mites are in the family Sarcoptidae. They dig into and through the skin, causing intense itching from an allergic reaction to the mite, and crusting that can quickly become infected. Hair loss and crusting frequently appear first on elbows and ears. Skin damage can occur from the dog's intense scratching and biting. Secondary skin infection is also common. Dogs with chronic sarcoptic mange are often in poor condition, and in both animals and humans, immune suppression from starvation or any other disease causes this type of mange to develop into a highly crusted form in which the burden of mites is far higher than in healthy specimens.

Treatment

Dogs affected with demodectic mange do not need to be isolated from other dogs. Demodectic mange is generally only contagious from mother to pup during suckling; it is not contagious after weaning. Many puppies will grow out of demodectic mange as their immune systems mature, but it can recur if the immune system is compromised, such as after steroid treatment or other immunocompromising illness. In cases of sarcoptic mange, affected dogs need to be isolated from other dogs and their bedding, and places they have occupied must be thoroughly cleaned. Other dogs in contact with a diagnosed case should be evaluated and treated.

A number of parasitical treatments are useful in treating canine scabies. Sulfurated lime (a mixture of calcium polysulfides) rinses applied weekly or biweekly are effective (the concentrated form for use on plants as a fungicide must be diluted 1:16 or 1:32 for use on animal skin).

Selamectin is licensed for treatment in dogs by veterinary prescription in several countries; it is applied as a dose directly to the skin, once per month (the drug does not wash off). A related and older drug ivermectin is also effective and can be given by mouth for two to four weekly treatments or until two negative skin scrapings are achieved. Oral ivermectim is not safe to use on some collie-like herding dogs, however, due to possible homozygous MDR1 (P-glycoprotein) mutations that increase its toxicity by allowing it into the brain. Ivermectin injections are also effective and given in either weekly or every two weeks in one to four doses, although the same MDR1 dog restrictions apply.

Topical 0.01% ivermectin in oil (Acarexx) has been reported to be effective in humans, and all mite infections in many types of animals (especially in ear mite infections where the animal cannot lick the treated area), and is so poorly absorbed that systemic toxicity is less likely in these sites. Nevertheless, topical ivermectin has not been well enough tested to be approved for this use in dogs, and is theoretically much more dangerous in zones where the animal can potentially lick the treated area. Selamectin applied to the skin (i.e., topically) has some of the same theoretical problems in collies and MDR1 dogs as ivermectim, but it has nevertheless been approved for use for all dogs provided that the animal can be observed for 8 hours after the first monthly treatment.

Similar treatments, including monthly selamectin, are used in cats with mange. A notable difference for cat treatment is that permethrin, which can be used in both dogs and humans with this condition, cannot be used in cats. The differences in cat and dog treatment are not due to differences in the mites so much as the mitocides which are poisonous to the host.

For treatment of sarcoptic infection in humans, see scabies. For demodetic infection in humans, which is not as severe as it is in animals with thicker coats (such as dogs), see Demodex folliculorum.

Diagnosis

Veterinarians usually attempt diagnosis with skin scrapings from multiple areas, which are then examined under a microscope for mites. Sarcoptes, because they may be present in relatively low numbers, and because they are often removed by dogs chewing at themselves, may be difficult to demonstrate. As a result, diagnosis in sarcoptic mange is often based on symptoms rather than actual confirmation of the presence of mites. A common and simple way of determining if a dog has mange is if it displays what is called a "pedal-pinna reflex", which is when the dog moves one of its hind legs in a scratching motion as the ear is being manipulated and scratched gently by the examiner; because the mites proliferate on the ear margins in nearly all cases at some point, this method works over 95% of the time.^[4] It is helpful in cases where all symptoms of mange are present but no mites are observed with a microscope. The test is also positive in animals with ear mites, an ear canal infection cased by a different but closely related mite (treatment is often the same). In some countries, a serologic test is available that may be useful in diagnosis.

References

^ "Mange – Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary". Merriam-webster.com. 2010-08-13. Retrieved 2010-11-14.
^ "mange" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^ [1] Severe mite-caused mange in wild bears
^ "Sarcoptic Mites and Mange: Also Known As Scabies in Dogs and Cats". Thepetcenter.com. Retrieved 2010-11-14.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 犬および猫以外のペットからの人畜共通感染症 zoonoses from pets other than dogs and cats
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English Journal

Performance of the Roche Accu-Chek Active Glucose Meter to Screen for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Using Fasting Capillary Blood.

Dhatt GS, Agarwal MM, Othman Y, Nair SC.Source1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tawam Hospital , Al Ain, United Arab Emirates .
Diabetes technology & therapeutics.Diabetes Technol Ther.2011 Aug 24. [Epub ahead of print]
Abstract Background: Point-of-care (POC) blood glucose measurement using glucose meters is used by diabetes patients to mange their disease. POC glucose testing also is also used in tight glycemic control protocols and as a screening tool for diabetes. We report the performance and effectiveness of
PMID 21864017

Cytomegalovirus Incidence Between Everolimus Versus Mycophenolate in De Novo Renal Transplants: Pooled Analysis of Three Clinical Trials.

Brennan DC, Legendre C, Patel D, Mange K, Wiland A, McCague K, Shihab FS.SourceWashington University School of Medicine Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO Universite Paris Descartes and Hopital Necker, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France Universite Paris Descartes, Paris, France Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT.
American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons.Am J Transplant.2011 Aug 3. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03674.x. [Epub ahead of print]
Everolimus (EVR) in heart and renal transplant (RTx) recipients may be associated with a decreased incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV). A detailed analysis of the association between EVR versus mycophenolic acid (MPA) and CMV events has not been reported. CMV data from 2004 de novo RTx recipients fro
PMID 21812923

FKBP family proteins as promising new biomarkers for cancer.

Solassol J, Mange A, Maudelonde T.SourceCHU Montpellier, Laboratoire de biologie cellulaire et hormonale, Hopital Arnaud de Villeneuve, 371 avenue du Doyen Giraud, Montpellier, F-34295, France; CRLC Val d'Aurelle, Laboratoire d'Oncoproteomique Clinique, 208 rue des apothicaires, Montpellier, F-34298, France; Universite Montpellier1, Montpellier, F-34298, France.
Current opinion in pharmacology.Curr Opin Pharmacol.2011 Aug;11(4):320-5. Epub 2011 Apr 20.
FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs) belong to the immunophilin family and bind immunosuppressive drugs, such as FK506 and rapamycin. These proteins, through interactions with steroid hormone receptors, kinases, or other cellular factors, play important roles in various physiological processes and, more i
PMID 21514221

Japanese Journal

ブラマンジェのテクスチャーおよび嗜好性におよぼす低カロリー甘味料の影響

米浪直子,福島史乃,後藤文子 [他]
京都女子大学食物学会誌 (65), 13-19, 2010-12
NAID 40018768994

犬のヒゼンダニ症(穿孔疥癬虫症,疥癬)

Craig Mark
Small animal dermatology 1(1), 61-65, 2010-01
NAID 40017447538

海外文献リンパ腫に毛包虫症が随伴したフェレットの1例

Beaufrere Hugues,Neta Michal,Smith Dale A. [他]
エキゾチック診療 2(2), 73-78, 2010-06
NAID 40017399564

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「疥癬」「acariasis」
拡張検索	「sarcoptic mange」
関連記事	「man」

「疥癬」

Mange
	Classification and external resources
	; Dog with hair loss caused by demodectic mange
DiseasesDB	33039
eMedicine	article/1203895
MeSH	D008924

　　[★]

英: scabies, mange？, sarcoptic mange？
関: ヒゼンダニ、ノルウェー疥癬、皮膚寄生ダニ症

概念

ヒトヒゼンダニによる感染症。

分類

	通常疥癬	角化型疥癬ノルウェー疥癬
寄生数	1000匹以下	100万～200万匹
宿主の免疫力	強い	不定
感染力	頭部以外の全身	全身
主な症状	正常	低下している
かゆみ	弱い	強い
発症部位	丘疹、結節	角質増殖