WordNet

a light silver-white ductile bivalent metallic element; in pure form it burns with brilliant white flame; occurs naturally only in combination (as in magnesite and dolomite and carnallite and spinel and olivine) (同)Mg, atomic number 12
a salt or ester of citric acid
cause to form a salt or ester of citric acid

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マグネシウム(金属元素;化学記号は『Mg』)
クエン酸塩

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/10/29 16:10:49」(JST)

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Magnesium citrate is a magnesium preparation in salt form with citric acid in a 1:1 ratio (1 magnesium atom per citrate molecule). The name "magnesium citrate" is ambiguous and sometimes may refer to other salts such as trimagnesium citrate which has a magnesium:citrate ratio of 3:2.

Magnesium citrate is used medicinally as a saline laxative and to completely empty the bowel prior to a major surgery or colonoscopy. It is available without a prescription, both as a generic and under various brand names including Citromag and Citroma. It is also used in the pill form as a magnesium dietary supplement. It contains 11.23% magnesium by weight. Compared to trimagnesium citrate, it is much more water-soluble, less alkaline, and contains less magnesium.

As a food additive, magnesium citrate is used to regulate acidity and is known as E number E345.

Mechanism of action

Magnesium citrate works by attracting water through the tissues by a process known as osmosis. Once in the intestine, it can attract enough water into the intestine to induce defecation. The additional water stimulates bowel motility. This means it can also be used to treat rectal and colon problems. Magnesium citrate functions best on an empty stomach, and should always be followed with a full (eight ounce or 25 cl) glass of water or juice to help the magnesium citrate absorb properly and help prevent any complications. Magnesium citrate solutions generally produce bowel movement in one half to six hours.^{[citation needed]}

Use and dosage

The maximum upper tolerance limit (UTL) for magnesium in supplement form for adults is 350 mg per day of elemental magnesium according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH).^[1] In addition, according to the NIH, total dietary requirements for magnesium from all sources (i.e., food and supplements) is 320–420 mg of elemental magnesium per day, though there is no UT for dietary magnesium.

As a laxative syrup with a concentration of 1.745 g of magnesium citrate per fluid ounce, a typical dose for adults and children twelve years or older is between 7 and 10 US fluid ounces (210 and 300 ml; 7.3 and 10.4 imp fl oz), followed immediately with a full 8 US fluid ounces (240 ml; 8.3 imp fl oz) glass of water. Consuming an adult dose of 10 oz of laxative syrup (@ 1.745 g/oz) implies a consumption of 17.45 g of magnesium citrate in a single 10 oz dose resulting in a consumption of approximately 2.0 g of elemental magnesium per single dose. Given that this laxative dose contains five times the recommended nutritional dose for magnesium, caution should be taken to avoid prolonged usage (i.e., over five days) and to follow the manufacturer's instructions strictly.^{[citation needed]} For children between three and twelve years of age, the typical dose is roughly half that,^{[citation needed]} based on physician recommendation. Magnesium citrate is not recommended for use in children and infants two years of age or less.^[2]

Although less common, as a magnesium supplement the citrate form is sometimes used because it is believed to be more bioavailable than other common pill forms, such as magnesium oxide.^{[citation needed]} However, according to one study, magnesium gluconate is marginally more bioavailable than magnesium citrate.^[3]

Magnesium citrate, as a supplement in pill form, is useful for the prevention of kidney stones.^[4]

Side effects

Magnesium citrate is generally not a harmful substance, but care should be taken by consulting a healthcare professional if any adverse health problems are suspected or experienced. It is always important to correctly follow the prescribed doses; extreme magnesium overdose can result in serious complication such as slow heart beat, low blood pressure, nausea, drowsiness, etc. If severe enough, an overdose can even result in coma or death.^[5] However, a moderate overdose will be excreted through the kidneys, unless one suffers from serious kidney problems. Rectal bleeding or failure to have a bowel movement after use could be signs of a serious condition.

References

^ Magnesium. Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS). National Institutes of Health (NIH).
^ "magnesium_citrate-oral" at medicinenet.com
^ Coudray, C; Rambeau, M; Feillet-Coudray, C; Gueux, E; Tressol, JC; Mazur, A; Rayssiguier, Y (December 2005). "Study of magnesium bioavailability from ten organic and inorganic Mg salts in Mg-depleted rats using a stable isotope approach". Magnes Res. 18 (4): 215–23. PMID 16548135.
^ Ettinger, B; Pak, CY; Citron, JT; Thomas, C; Adams-Huet, B; Vangessel, A (December 1997). "Potassium-magnesium citrate is an effective prophylaxis against recurrent calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis". J Urol. 158 (6): 2069–73. doi:10.1016/S0022-5347(01)68155-2. PMID 9366314.
^ magnesium citrate. Cerner Multum. Drugs.com. 12 April 2009.

External links

Saline laxatives. MedicineNet.
Magnesium citrate Patient Advice. Drugs.com.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人におけるS状結腸鏡検査および大腸内視鏡検査のための前処置 bowel preparation for colonoscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy in adults
2. 成人における慢性便秘のマネージメント management of chronic constipation in adults
3. 高マグネシウム血症の原因および治療 causes and treatment of hypermagnesemia
4. 幼児および小児における慢性機能性便秘および便失禁の治療 treatment of chronic functional constipation and fecal incontinence in infants and children
5. 婦人科癌における腹腔鏡下骨盤内および傍大動脈リンパ節郭清 laparoscopic pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy in gynecologic cancers

English Journal

Oxalobacter formigenes: Opening the door to probiotic therapy for the treatment of hyperoxaluria.

Jairath A1, Parekh N, Otano N, Mishra S, Ganpule A, Sabnis R, Desai M.
Scandinavian journal of urology.Scand J Urol.2015 Aug;49(4):334-7. doi: 10.3109/21681805.2014.996251. Epub 2015 Feb 2.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the early effect of the administration of Oxalobacter formigenes on the metabolic pattern of patients with calcium oxalate stones, comparing it with potassium magnesium citrate (KMgCit).MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty patients were randomized to receiv
PMID 25645091

Sodium Picosulfate with Magnesium Citrate (SPMC) Plus Laxative Is a Good Alternative to Conventional Large Volume Polyethylene Glycol in Bowel Preparation: A Multicenter Randomized Single-Blinded Trial.

Kim HG1, Huh KC2, Koo HS2, Kim SE3, Kim JO1, Kim TI4, Kim HS5, Myung SJ6, Park DI7, Shin JE8, Yang DH6, Lee SH1, Lee JS9, Lee CK9, Chang DK10, Joo YE11, Cha JM9, Hong SP4, Kim HJ12.
Gut and liver.Gut Liver.2015 Jul 23;9(4):494-501. doi: 10.5009/gnl14010.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: We investigated whether sodium picosulfate with magnesium citrate (SPMC) plus bisacodyl compares favorably with conventional polyethylene glycol (PEG) with respect to bowel cleansing adequacy, compliance, and safety.METHODS: We performed a multicenter, prospective, single-blinded st
PMID 25287163

A randomized trial to compare the efficacy and tolerability of sodium picosulfate-magnesium citrate solution vs. 4 L polyethylene glycol solution as a bowel preparation for colonoscopy.

Muñoz-Navas M1, Calleja JL, Payeras G, Hervás AJ, Abreu LE, Orive V, Menchén PL, Bordas JM, Armengol JR, Carretero C, Beltrán VP, Alonso-Abreu I, Manteca R, Parra-Blanco A, Carballo F, Herrerías JM, Badiola C.
International journal of colorectal disease.Int J Colorectal Dis.2015 Jul 16. [Epub ahead of print]
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy and acceptability of an evening-before regimens of sodium picosulfate/magnesium citrate (SPMC) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as bowel cleansers and to explore the results of a same-day regimen of SPMC.METHODS: Multicenter, randomized, obs
PMID 26179377

Japanese Journal

Effect of Mesopore in MgO Templated Mesoporous Carbon Electrode on Capacitor Performance

SONEDA Yasushi,KODAMA Masaya
電気化学および工業物理化学 : denki kagaku 81(10), 845-848, 2013-10-05
NAID 10031191957

MgO鋳型法メソ孔性炭素電極におけるメソ孔のキャパシタ特性に対する影響

SONEDA Yasushi,KODAMA Masaya
電気化学および工業物理化学 81(10), 845-848, 2013
… Mesoporous carbons (MPCs) with high specific surface area were synthesized by the heat-treatment and subsequent acid treatment of magnesium citrate. …
NAID 130004562440

LC-MS/MSによる牛乳および魚介類中動物用医薬品の迅速一斉分析法の妥当性評価

中島崇行,永野智恵子,神田真軌 [他],林洋,橋本常生,金井節子,松島陽子,立石恭也,笹本剛生,高野伊知郎
食品衛生学雑誌 54(4), 335-344, 2013
畜水産食品中動物用医薬品の迅速一斉分析法の妥当性評価を行った．測定はLC-MS/MSを用い，性状の異なる43種類の動物用医薬品を同時に分析した．前処理は，試料5.0 gに対し，1％ギ酸含有アセトニトリルもしくはアセトニトリル15 mLで抽出し，硫酸マグネシウム，クエン酸三ナトリウム，塩化ナトリウムで脱水，塩析した後，20 mLに定容し試験溶液とした．市販牛乳および4種類の生鮮養殖食品試料（さけ，ブ …
NAID 130003369312

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「クエン酸マグネシウム」
関連記事	「magnesium」

「クエン酸マグネシウム」

Magnesium citrate
Names
	IUPAC name Magnesium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
Identifiers
CAS Number	7779-25-1
ChEBI	CHEBI:131389
ChEMBL	ChEMBL2105061
ChemSpider	8605
ECHA InfoCard	100.029.021
EC Number	231-923-9
Jmol 3D model	Interactive image
PubChem	24511
	InChI InChI=1S/2C6H8O7.3Mg/c27-3(8)1-6(13,5(11)12)2-4(9)10;;;/h213H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12);;;/q;;3*+2/p-6 Key: PLSARIKBYIPYPF-UHFFFAOYSA-H ;
	SMILES C(C(=O)O)C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])O.[Mg+2] ;
Properties
Chemical formula	C6H6MgO7
Molar mass	214.41 g·mol−1
Solubility in water	20 g/100ml
Pharmacology
ATC code	A06AD19 (WHO) A12CC04 (WHO), B05CB03 (WHO)
Related compounds
Related salts	Magnesium citrate (3:2)
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
	verify (what is ?)
	Infobox references

　　[★]

英: magnesium citrate
商: マグコロール、テクトロール
関: 瀉下薬、塩類下剤

腸管から吸収されにくいため、腸管内に水分が引き込まれ腸管内に水分が増加する結果、腸内容量が増大して大腸の運動を促進して緩下作用を呈する
下部消化管内視鏡の前処置に用いる。

「magnesium」

　　[★] マグネシウム、Mg+ 　　

[1] Magnesium. Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS). National Institutes of Health (NIH).

[2] "magnesium_citrate-oral" at medicinenet.com

[3] Coudray, C; Rambeau, M; Feillet-Coudray, C; Gueux, E; Tressol, JC; Mazur, A; Rayssiguier, Y (December 2005). "Study of magnesium bioavailability from ten organic and inorganic Mg salts in Mg-depleted rats using a stable isotope approach". Magnes Res. 18 (4): 215–23. PMID 16548135.

[4] Ettinger, B; Pak, CY; Citron, JT; Thomas, C; Adams-Huet, B; Vangessel, A (December 1997). "Potassium-magnesium citrate is an effective prophylaxis against recurrent calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis". J Urol. 158 (6): 2069–73. doi:10.1016/S0022-5347(01)68155-2. PMID 9366314.

[5] sium citrate. Cerner Multum. Drugs.com. 12 April 2009.

v t e Drugs for constipation (laxatives and cathartics) (A06)

Stool softeners	Docusate

Stimulant laxatives	Bisacodyl Bisoxatin Cascara Castor oil Dantron Oxyphenisatine Phenolphthalein Senna glycosides Sodium picosulfate

Bulk-forming laxatives	Dietary fiber Ethulose Ispaghula Linseed Methylcellulose Polycarbophil calcium Sterculia Triticum

Lubricant laxatives	Liquid paraffin Mineral oil White petrolatum (petroleum jelly)

Osmotic laxatives	Lactitol Lactulose Laminarid Magnesium carbonate Magnesium citrate Magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia) Magnesium oxide Magnesium peroxide Magnesium sulfate Mannitol Pentaerythritol Polyethylene glycol (macrogol) Sodium phosphate Sodium sulfate Sodium tartrate Sorbitol

Enemas	Bisacodyl Dantron Glycerol Oil Sodium laurilsulfate Sodium lauryl sulfoacetate Sodium phosphate Sorbitol

Opioid antagonists	Alvimopan Methylnaltrexone bromide Naloxegol Naloxone (Oxycodone/naloxone)

Others	Linaclotide Lubiprostone Oxyphenisatine Prucalopride Tegaserod Ulimorelin

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magnesium citrate