WordNet

small room in which a monk or nun lives (同)cubicle
a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction (同)electric cell
a room where a prisoner is kept (同)jail cell, prison cell
(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb"
a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement (同)cadre
hormone secreted by the isles of Langerhans in the pancreas; regulates storage of glycogen in the liver and accelerates oxidation of sugar in cells
a gastrointestinal hormone that stimulates the secretion of water and bicarbonate from the pancreas and bile ducts whenever the stomach empties too much acid into the small intestine
an abnormal new mass of tissue that serves no purpose (同)tumour, neoplasm
a small island (同)islet

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(刑務所の)『独房』;(修道院の)小さい独居室 / (ミツバチの)みつ房,巣穴 / 小さい部屋 / 『細胞』 / 電池 / 花粉室 / (共産党などの)細胞
インシュリン(膵臓(すいぞう)ホルモンで糖尿病治療剤)
《詩》島(island)

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1. インスリノーマ insulinoma
2. VIP産生腫瘍症候群 the vipoma syndrome
3. Metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and poorly differentiated gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas: Systemic therapy options to control tumor growth and symptoms of hormone hypersecretion
4. 膵神経内分泌腫瘍（膵島細胞腫瘍）の分類、疫学、臨床症状、局在、および病期分類 classification epidemiology clinical presentation localization and staging of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors islet cell tumors
5. 多発性内分泌腫瘍1型：臨床症状および診断 multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 clinical manifestations and diagnosis

English Journal

Making surrogate β-cells from mesenchymal stromal cells: Perspectives and future endeavors.

Bhonde RR1, Sheshadri P1, Sharma S1, Kumar A2.Author information 1Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, GKVK Post, Alalsandra, Yelahanka, Bangalore 560065, India.2Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, GKVK Post, Alalsandra, Yelahanka, Bangalore 560065, India. Electronic address: Anujith.kumar@manipal.edu.AbstractGeneration of surrogate β-cells is the need of the day to compensate the short supply of islets for transplantation to diabetic patients requiring daily shots of insulin. Over the years several sources of stem cells have been claimed to cater to the need of insulin producing cells. These include human embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, human perinatal tissues such as amnion, placenta, umbilical cord and postnatal tissues involving adipose tissue, bone marrow, blood monocytes, cord blood, dental pulp, endometrium, liver, labia minora dermis-derived fibroblasts and pancreas. Despite the availability of such heterogonous sources, there is no substantial breakthrough in selecting and implementing an ideal source for generating large number of stable insulin producing cells. Although the progress in derivation of β-cell like cells from embryonic stem cells has taken a greater leap, their application is limited due to controversy surrounding the destruction of human embryo and immune rejection. Since multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells are free of ethical and immunological complications, they could provide unprecedented opportunity as starting material to derive insulin secreting cells. The main focus of this review is to discuss the merits and demerits of MSCs obtained from human peri- and post-natal tissue sources to yield abundant glucose responsive insulin producing cells as ideal candidates for prospective stem cell therapy to treat diabetes.
The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology.Int J Biochem Cell Biol.2014 Jan;46:90-102. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.11.006. Epub 2013 Nov 22.
Generation of surrogate β-cells is the need of the day to compensate the short supply of islets for transplantation to diabetic patients requiring daily shots of insulin. Over the years several sources of stem cells have been claimed to cater to the need of insulin producing cells. These include hu
PMID 24275096

Prevention versus intervention of type 1 diabetes.

Brooks-Worrell B, Palmer JP.Author information Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; Department of Medicine, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA. Electronic address: bbrooks@u.washington.edu.AbstractType 1 diabetes (T1D) is a cell-mediated autoimmune disease. New cases of T1D are on the increase and exogenous insulin therapy is the only intervention regularly initiated for T1D patients. Though tremendous strides have been made in prediction of T1D, prevention and intervention strategies have not experienced the same success. In this review, we will discuss some possible reasons why new intervention therapies for T1D have not been implemented into the mainstream treatment regimen for T1D patients. We will also discuss potential caveats for why prevention and intervention trials in T1D may not have experienced the same success as prediction trials.
Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.).Clin Immunol.2013 Dec;149(3):332-8. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2013.05.018. Epub 2013 Jun 10.
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a cell-mediated autoimmune disease. New cases of T1D are on the increase and exogenous insulin therapy is the only intervention regularly initiated for T1D patients. Though tremendous strides have been made in prediction of T1D, prevention and intervention strategies have no
PMID 23803322

The transcription factor HNF1α induces expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in pancreatic islets from evolutionarily conserved promoter motifs.

Pedersen KB, Chhabra KH, Nguyen VK, Xia H, Lazartigues E.Author information Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics and Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido St., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.AbstractPancreatic angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has previously been shown to be critical for maintaining glycemia and β-cell function. Efforts to maintain or increase ACE2 expression in pancreatic β-cells might therefore have therapeutic potential for treating diabetes. In our study, we investigated the transcriptional role of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (HNF1α) and hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β (HNF1β) in induction of ACE2 expression in insulin-secreting cells. A deficient allele of HNF1α or HNF1β causes maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) types 3 and 5, respectively, in humans. We found that ACE2 is primarily transcribed from the proximal part of the ACE2 promoter in the pancreas. In the proximal part of the human ACE2 promoter, we further identified three functional HNF1 binding sites, as they have binding affinity for HNF1α and HNF1β and are required for induction of promoter activity by HNF1β in insulinoma cells. These three sites are well-conserved among mammalian species. Both HNF1α and HNF1β induce expression of ACE2 mRNA and lead to elevated levels of ACE2 protein and ACE2 enzymatic activity in insulinoma cells. Furthermore, HNF1α dose-dependently increases ACE2 expression in primary pancreatic islet cells. We conclude that HNF1α can induce the expression of ACE2 in pancreatic islet cells via evolutionarily conserved HNF1 binding sites in the ACE2 promoter. Potential therapeutics aimed at counteracting functional HNF1α depletion in diabetes and MODY3 will thus have ACE2 induction in pancreatic islets as a likely beneficial effect.
Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2013 Nov;1829(11):1225-35. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2013.09.007. Epub 2013 Oct 5.
Pancreatic angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has previously been shown to be critical for maintaining glycemia and β-cell function. Efforts to maintain or increase ACE2 expression in pancreatic β-cells might therefore have therapeutic potential for treating diabetes. In our study, we investig
PMID 24100303

Japanese Journal

膵島β細胞癌、消化器型リンパ腫、甲状腺腫瘍を併発した犬の1例

古川敬之,林佐知,福田真平,細川昭雄,圓尾拓也,杉浦久裕,信田卓男
日本獣医がん学会雑誌 1(2), 33-38, 2010
ビーグル犬、未避妊雌、15歳が、皮膚扁平上皮癌の検診で来院した。空腹時低血糖を認めたため、各種検査を行い、インスリノーマと診断し、膵臓部分切除を行った。術前に右甲状腺に1.8×1.8cmの腫瘤を認めたため、細胞診を行い、甲状腺腫瘍の併発と診断した。術中胃幽門部小弯側の小腫瘤を同時に認めたために切除した。病理検査結果は、膵臓はインスリノーマ(中悪性度)で、胃は消化器型リンパ腫であった。術後、高インス …
NAID 130000307342

Immunohistochemical Localization of Betacellulin, a New Member of the EGF Family, in Normal Human Pancreas and Islet Tumor Cells.

MIYAGAWA JUN-ICHIRO,HANAFUSA TOSHIAKI,SASADA REIKO,YAMAMOTO KOJI,IGARASHI KOICHI,YAMAMORI KATSUMI,SENO MASAHARU,TADA HIROKO,NAMMO TAKAO,LI MING,YAMAGATA KAZUYA,NAKAJIMA HIROMU,NAMBA MITSUYOSHI,KUWAJIMA MASAMICHI,MATSUZAWA YUJI
Endocrine Journal 46(6), 755-764, 1999
… Betacellulin (BTC) purified from mouse β cell tumor (βTC-3) is a new member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family which can bind receptor tyrosine kinase, EGF receptor (erbB1) and erbB4. …
NAID 130003549987

食後の反応性低血糖を呈したインスリノーマの１例

香取登久江,橋本佳明,高橋宗春,寺谷宏子,塚本和久,木下誠,渡辺毅,加藤泰一,寺本民生,岡輝明,黒川清
糖尿病 37(11), 839-844, 1994
症例は56歳の男性で食後の低血糖症状が10年間にわたり進行し, 精査目的で当科に入院した. 低血糖症状はなかったが第6病日の早朝空腹時血糖が34mg/dl. その際の血中インスリン値 (IRI) が80μU/mlでインスリノーマが強く疑われた. 血糖日内変動では朝食2時間後血糖118mg/dl</I …
NAID 130004338119