無害性雑音
WordNet
- (used of things) lacking sense or awareness; "fine innocent weather"
- a person who lacks knowledge of evil (同)inexperienced person
- free from evil or guilt; "an innocent child"; "the principle that one is innocent until proved guilty" (同)guiltless, clean-handed
- lacking in sophistication or worldliness; "a childs innocent stare"; "his ingenuous explanation that he would not have burned the church if he had not thought the bishop was in it" (同)ingenuous
- lacking intent or capacity to injure; "an innocent prank" (同)innocuous
- not knowledgeable about something specified; "American tourists wholly innocent of French"; "a person unacquainted with our customs" (同)unacquainted
- speak softly or indistinctly; "She murmured softly to the baby in her arms"
- make complaining remarks or noises under ones breath; "she grumbles when she feels overworked" (同)mutter, grumble, croak, gnarl
- making a low continuous indistinct sound; "like murmuring waves"; "susurrant voices" (同)susurrant, whispering
PrepTutorEJDIC
- (人が)『無罪の』,潔白な / (心の)純潔な,無邪気な,天真らんまんな / (物事が)悪意のない,額のない / 単純な,おめでたい / 《補語にのみ用いて》《話》(…を)欠いている,(…が)全然ない《+『of』+『名』》 / 無邪気な人,(特に)あどけない子供 / お人よし,単純な人
- (流れる水・そよぐ葉などの)『ざわるき』,かすかな音;(人の声の)『ささやき』,ぼそぼそいう声《+『of』+『名』》 / 不平の声,ぶつぶつ言うこと / 〈川・風・木の葉などが〉『ざわめく』 / 〈人が〉『ささやく』,つぶやく / 《まれ》(…について)ぶつぶつ不平を言う《+『at』(『against, about』)+『名』》 / …‘を'『ささやく』,ぼそぼそと言う,小声で言う
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2013/12/09 09:08:30」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
A functional murmur (innocent murmur, physiologic murmur) is a heart murmur that is primarily due to physiologic conditions outside the heart, as opposed to structural defects in the heart itself.[1]
Serious conditions can arise even in the absence of a primary heart defect, and it is possible for peripheral conditions to generate abnormalities in the heart. Therefore, caution should be applied to use of the terms "innocent" or "benign" in this context.
Use of the term dates to the mid 19th century.[2]
Contents
- 1 Benign pediatric heart murmur
- 1.1 Characteristics
- 1.2 Prognosis
- 1.3 Types, description and DDx
- 2 See also
- 3 References
- 4 External links
Benign pediatric heart murmur[edit]
Functional murmurs are an important consideration in the precordial examination of an infant or child.
Characteristics[edit]
- Soft, less than 3/6 in intensity (although note that even when structural heart disease is present, intensity does not predict severity.)
- Often position-dependent. Murmurs heard while supine and may disappear when upright or sitting.[3]
- Otherwise healthy individual, no concerns about growth, no symptoms of heart failure such as dyspnea on exertion. (In infants, ask if the baby tires during feeding, becomes diaphoretic, or develops a rapid respiratory rate. In older children, this can be elucidated by asking whether or not the child can keep up with peers during play.)
- Occurs during systole or continuously during both systole and diastole. (Murmurs occurring only during diastole are always pathologic.)
- Physiologic splitting of S2 (A2 and P2 components should only be resolvable during inspiration and should merge during expiration.)
- No palpable thrill (A thrill is a vibration caused by turbulent blood flow.)
Prognosis[edit]
Innocent murmurs are inconsequential[4] and usually disappear as the child grows. ECG and Chest XRAY are normal.
Types, description and DDx[edit]
Benign Paediatric Heart Murmurs
Name |
Location |
DDx |
Still's murmur[5] |
inferior aspect of LLSB (lower left sternal border), systolic ejection sound, vibratory/musical quality |
subaortic stenosis, small VSD |
Pulmonary ejection |
superior aspect of LLSB, ejection sound |
Pulmonary stenosis, atrial septal defect |
Venous hum |
Infraclavicular throughout the cardiac cycle (right side > left side), diminishes with jugular vein palpation or neck turning |
PDA |
Supraclavicular arterial bruit (Systemic Flow Murmur) |
Above clavicles |
aortic stenosis, bicuspid aortic valve |
Peripheral pulmonary stenosis (Pulmonary flow murmur) |
High-pitch with radiation to back and armpit |
PDA, pulmonary stenosis |
In the adult, hyperdynamic circulation of the blood may also produce a functional murmur, such in anemia or thyrotoxicosis.
See also[edit]
- Heart murmur
- Precordial examination
- Ventricular septal defect
References[edit]
- ^ "functional murmur" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
- ^ LUISADA AA (May 1955). "The functional murmur: the laying to rest of a ghost". Dis Chest 27 (5): 579–81. PMID 14365576.
- ^ Thomas Biancaniello. Innocent Murmurs Circulation. 2005; 111: e20-e22.
- ^ "Innocent Heart Murmurs".
- ^ Joffe HS (February 1992). "Genesis of Still's innocent systolic murmur". Br Heart J 67 (2): 206. doi:10.1136/hrt.67.2.206-b. PMC 1024759. PMID 1540448.
5. Circulation 2005: Innocent Murmurs http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/111/3/e20
External links[edit]
- Heart Murmurs in Pediatric Patients: When Do You Refer? - AAFP
Symptoms and signs: respiratory system (R04–R07, 786)
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Medical examination and history taking
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Auscultation |
- Respiratory sounds
- Stridor
- Wheeze
- Crackles
- Rhonchi
- Hamman's sign
- Pleural friction rub
- Fremitus
- Bronchophony
- Elicited findings
- Pectoriloquy: Whispered pectoriloquy
- Egophony
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Abnormalities
of breathing |
- Respiratory distress
- Respiratory arrest
- Cyanosis
- Rate
- Apnea
- Dyspnea
- Hyperventilation
- Hypoventilation
- Hyperpnea
- Tachypnea
- Hypopnea
- Bradypnea
- Orthopnea/Platypnea
- Trepopnea
- Pattern
- Biot's respiration
- Cheyne–Stokes respiration
- Kussmaul breathing
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Other |
- Chest pain
- Precordial catch syndrome
- Pleurisy
- Clubbing
- Cough
- Sputum
- Hemoptysis
- Epistaxis
- Silhouette sign
- Post-nasal drip
- Mouth breathing
- Snoring
- Hiccup
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anat (n, x, l, c)/phys/devp
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noco (c, p)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
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proc, drug (R1/2/3/5/6/7)
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Two congenital coronary abnormalities affecting heart function: anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery and congenital left main coronary artery atresia.
- Xiao Y1, Jin M1, Han L2, Ding W1, Zheng J3, Sun C1, Lyu Z1.
- Chinese medical journal.Chin Med J (Engl).2014 Nov;127(21):3724-31.
- BACKGROUND: The anomalous origin of the left coronary artery (LCA) from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) and congenital left main coronary artery atresia (CLMCA-A) are two kinds of very rare coronary heart diseases which affect heart function profoundly. This study aimed to retrospectively illustrate t
- PMID 25382327
- Murmur intensity in small-breed dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease reflects disease severity.
- Ljungvall I1, Rishniw M, Porciello F, Ferasin L, Ohad DG.
- The Journal of small animal practice.J Small Anim Pract.2014 Nov;55(11):545-50. doi: 10.1111/jsap.12265. Epub 2014 Sep 12.
- OBJECTIVES: To determine whether murmur intensity in small-breed dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease reflects clinical and echocardiographic disease severity.METHODS: Retrospective multi-investigator study. Records of adult dogs Ä20 kg with myxomatous mitral valve disease were examined. Murmu
- PMID 25213440
- Intestinal blood flow in patients with chronic heart failure: a link with bacterial growth, gastrointestinal symptoms, and cachexia.
- Sandek A1, Swidsinski A2, Schroedl W3, Watson A4, Valentova M5, Herrmann R6, Scherbakov N6, Cramer L6, Rauchhaus M6, Grosse-Herrenthey A3, Krueger M3, von Haehling S6, Doehner W7, Anker SD8, Bauditz J9.
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology.J Am Coll Cardiol.2014 Sep 16;64(11):1092-102. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.06.1179.
- BACKGROUND: Blood flow in the intestinal arteries is reduced in patients with stable heart failure (HF) and relates to gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and cardiac cachexia.OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to measure arterial intestinal blood flow and assess its role in juxtamucosal bacterial g
- PMID 25212642
Japanese Journal
- 高見 剛,河島 尚志,神川 晃,根本 しおり,武井 章人,宮島 祐,星加 明徳
- 東京醫科大學雜誌 59(4), 290-293, 2001-07-01
- NAID 10010012322
- 無害性心雑音の症例 : 第32回日本循環器学会九州地方会
- 中川 昭十,緒方 和郎,石橋 健治朗,藤田 煕子
- Japanese circulation journal 38(2), 163, 1974-04-20
- NAID 110002593437
- 矢崎 淳子
- 日本循環器学誌 36(5), 483-495, 1972-07-20
- … Material and Method: Twenty patients, 9 to 48 years in age and male in 10 and female in 10, underwent the examina-tion, who consisted of 7 cases with innocent cardiac murmur, 5 with mitral incompetence, 4 with primary myocardial disease, and 4 with miscellaneous heart diseases. …
- NAID 110002601710
Related Links
- Cardiovascular Curriculum Introduction to Cardiovascular Assessment Basic Normal Patient Assessment Patient with angina pectoris Patient with acute anterior infarction Advanced Patient with innocent murmur Patient with aortic ...
- If your physician or healthcare provider detects a heart murmur and recommends follow-up tests, he or she may be concerned about the possibility of a valve problem. Although some heart murmurs indicate heart valve problems, many ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- innocent murmur, functional murmur?
- 同
- 無害性心雑音、生理的雑音 physiological murmur、正常収縮期雑音 normal systolic murmur、偶発性雑音 accidental murmur、機能性心雑音 functional murmur
- 関
- 心雑音
[show details]
- 胸骨左縁:楽音様収縮期雑音 → 4LSB~心尖部にLevine I-II度の楽音様雑音(ブーンという音)
- 肺動脈領域:2LSB。駆出性雑音
- 静脈コマ音:左右頚部~鎖骨下に坐位で聴取されるが、臥位では消失
[★]
- 関
- harmless、innocuous