functional murmur

無害性雑音

WordNet

1. perform as expected when applied; "The washing machine wont go unless its plugged in"; "Does this old car still run well?"; "This old radio doesnt work anymore" (同)work, operate, go, run
2. (mathematics) a mathematical relation such that each element of a given set (the domain of the function) is associated with an element of another set (the range of the function) (同)mathematical function, single-valued function, map, mapping
3. a relation such that one thing is dependent on another; "height is a function of age"; "price is a function of supply and demand"
4. the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group; "the function of a teacher"; "the government must do its part"; "play its role" (同)office, part, role
5. what something is used for; "the function of an auger is to bore holes"; "ballet is beautiful but what use is it?" (同)purpose, role, use
6. a formal or official social gathering or ceremony; "it was a black-tie function"
7. relating to or based on function especially as opposed to structure; "the problem now is not a constitutional one; it is a functional one"; "delegates elected on a functional rather than a geographical basis"
8. fit or ready for use or service; "the toaster was still functional even after being dropped"; "the lawnmower is a bit rusty but still usable"; "an operational aircraft"; "the dishwasher is now in working order" (同)usable, useable, operable, operational
9. designed for or adapted to a function or use; "functional education selects knowledge that is concrete and usable rather than abstract and theoretical"; "functional architecture"
10. designed for or capable of a particular function or use; "a style of writing in which every word is functional"; "functional architecture"
11. involving or affecting function rather than physiology; "functional deafness"
12. speak softly or indistinctly; "She murmured softly to the baby in her arms"
13. make complaining remarks or noises under ones breath; "she grumbles when she feels overworked" (同)mutter, grumble, croak, gnarl
14. making a low continuous indistinct sound; "like murmuring waves"; "susurrant voices" (同)susurrant, whispering

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (人・物の果たすべき)『働き』,機能,役目;《しばしば複数形で》職務 / (公式の)儀式,《話》大きな催し(集まり),式典 / (数学で)関数 / 〈機械などが〉『機能を果たす』,動く / (…の)役目をする,代用となる《+『as』+『名』》
2. 『機能上の』 / (余分なものが無く)機能的な,実用的な / (数学で)関数の
3. (流れる水・そよぐ葉などの)『ざわるき』,かすかな音;(人の声の)『ささやき』,ぼそぼそいう声《+『of』+『名』》 / 不平の声,ぶつぶつ言うこと / 〈川・風・木の葉などが〉『ざわめく』 / 〈人が〉『ささやく』,つぶやく / 《まれ》(…について)ぶつぶつ不平を言う《+『at』(『against, about』)+『名』》 / …‘を'『ささやく』,ぼそぼそと言う,小声で言う

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/06/16 21:10:01」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

A functional murmur (innocent murmur, physiologic murmur) is a heart murmur that is primarily due to physiologic conditions outside the heart, as opposed to structural defects in the heart itself.

Serious conditions can arise even in the absence of a primary heart defect, and it is possible for peripheral conditions to generate abnormalities in the heart. Therefore, caution should be applied to use of the terms "innocent" or "benign" in this context.

Use of the term dates to the mid 19th century.

Benign pediatric heart murmur

Functional murmurs are an important consideration in the precordial examination of an infant or child.

Characteristics

• Soft, less than 3/6 in intensity (although note that even when structural heart disease is present, intensity does not predict severity.)
• Often position-dependent. Murmurs heard while supine and may disappear when upright or sitting.
• Otherwise healthy individual, no concerns about growth, no symptoms of heart failure such as dyspnea on exertion. (In infants, ask if the baby cries during feeding, becomes diaphoretic, or develops a rapid respiratory rate. In older children, this can be elucidated by asking whether or not the child can keep up with peers during play.)
• Occurs during systole or continuously during both systole and diastole. (Murmurs occurring only during diastole are always pathologic.)
• Physiologic splitting of S2 (A2 and P2 components should only be resolvable during inspiration and should merge during expiration.)
• No palpable thrill (A thrill is a vibration caused by turbulent blood flow.)

Prognosis

Innocent murmurs are inconsequential and usually disappear as the child grows. ECG and Chest XRAY are normal.

Types, description and DDx

Benign Paediatric Heart Murmurs

Name	Location	DDx
Still's murmur	inferior aspect of LLSB (lower left sternal border), systolic ejection sound, vibratory/musical quality	subaortic stenosis, small VSD
Pulmonary ejection	superior aspect of LLSB, ejection sound	Pulmonary stenosis, atrial septal defect
Venous hum	Infraclavicular throughout the cardiac cycle (right side > left side), diminishes with jugular vein palpation or neck turning	PDA
Supraclavicular arterial bruit (Systemic Flow Murmur)	Above clavicles	aortic stenosis, bicuspid aortic valve
Peripheral pulmonary stenosis (Pulmonary flow murmur)	High-pitch with radiation to back and armpit	PDA, pulmonary stenosis

In the adult, hyperdynamic circulation of the blood may also produce a functional murmur, such in anemia or thyrotoxicosis.

See also

• Heart murmur
• Precordial examination
• Ventricular septal defect

References

5. Circulation 2005: Innocent Murmurs http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/111/3/e20

External links

• Heart Murmurs in Pediatric Patients: When Do You Refer? - AAFP

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 心雑音の聴診 auscultation of cardiac murmurs
• 2. 小児における身体的診察：胸部および腹部 the pediatric physical examination chest and abdomen
• 3. 幼児および小児における心疾患の疑い：紹介の基準 suspected heart disease in infants and children criteria for referral
• 4. 心雑音および心音の鑑別診断における生理学的および薬理学的手法 physiologic and pharmacologic maneuvers in the differential diagnosis of heart murmurs and sounds
• 5. 三尖弁閉鎖不全症の病因、臨床的特徴、および評価 etiology clinical features and evaluation of tricuspid regurgitation

English Journal

• Cardiac auscultation via simulation: a survey of the approach of UK medical schools.

• Owen SJ1, Wong K2.
• BMC research notes.BMC Res Notes.2015 Sep 10;8(1):427. doi: 10.1186/s13104-015-1419-y.
• BACKGROUND: A decline in clinical skills of medical students and junior doctors is well documented. We aim to determine how the 32 UK medical schools utilise simulated heart sounds to develop medical students' cardiac auscultation skills.METHODS: Representatives of all 32 UK medical schools were con
• PMID 26358413

• Is pre-discharge echocardiography indicated for asymptomatic neonates with a heart murmur? A retrospective analysis.

• Al-Ammouri I1, Ayoub F2, Dababneh R3.
• Cardiology in the young.Cardiol Young.2015 Sep 10:1-4. [Epub ahead of print]
• OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a murmur detected on routine pre-discharge examination of asymptomatic newborn children in the first 48 hours of life warrants further investigation with echocardiography.METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of all echocardiograph
• PMID 26354008

• Prevalence of congenital heart disease in 76,301 mixed-breed dogs and 57,025 mixed-breed cats.

• Schrope DP1.
• Journal of veterinary cardiology : the official journal of the European Society of Veterinary Cardiology.J Vet Cardiol.2015 Sep 9. pii: S1760-2734(15)00046-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jvc.2015.06.001. [Epub ahead of print]
• OBJECTIVE: Assess the prevalence of congenital heart disease (CHD) in a large population of mixed-breed dogs and cats.ANIMALS: 76,301 mixed-breed dogs and 57,025 mixed-breed cats.METHODS: Retrospective review of records and examinations based on specified diagnostic criteria.RESULTS: Among mixed-bre
• PMID 26363941

Japanese Journal

• 血液透析患者のシャント音の時間 : 周波数解析に基づくバスキュラーアクセス機能評価 (超音波)

• 佐々木 一真,本橋 由香,山内 忍 [他]
• 電子情報通信学会技術研究報告 = IEICE technical report : 信学技報 114(54), 25-30, 2014-05-26
• NAID 40020089363

• Increased heart murmur with standing in a case of pectus excavatum

• NAKASONE Izuru,HASHIMOTO Shuji,MASUDA Yoshikazu,NAKATANI Satoshi
• Journal of echocardiography : official publication of the Japanese Society of Echocardiography 11(3), 121-122, 2013-09-28
• NAID 10031195230

• Numerical Simulation of Air Flow through Glottis during Very Weak Whisper Sound Production

• OTANI Makoto,HIRAHARA Tatsuya
• IEICE transactions on fundamentals of electronics, communications and computer sciences 94(9), 1779-1785, 2011-09-01
• … A non-audible murmur (NAM), a very weak whisper sound produced without vocal fold vibration, has been researched in the development of a silent-speech communication tool for functional speech disorders as well as human-to-human/machine interfaces with inaudible voice input. …
• NAID 10030190696

---

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「無害性雑音」「機能性雑音」
関連記事	「function」「functional」

「無害性雑音」

　　[★]

英

innocent murmur, functional murmur?

同

無害性心雑音、生理的雑音 physiological murmur、正常収縮期雑音 normal systolic murmur、偶発性雑音 accidental murmur、機能性心雑音 functional murmur

関

心雑音

[show details]

無害性雑音 : 約 14,300 件
無害性心雑音 : 約 3,070 件

• 健常者で、収縮中期に聴取される心雑音

• 幼小児：

• 胸骨左縁：楽音様収縮期雑音　→　4LSB～心尖部にLevine I-II度の楽音様雑音(ブーンという音)
• 肺動脈領域：2LSB。駆出性雑音
• 静脈コマ音：左右頚部～鎖骨下に坐位で聴取されるが、臥位では消失

「機能性雑音」

　　[★]

英

functional murmur

同

非器質性雑音 inorganic murmur

関

無害性雑音

「function」

　　[★]

• n.

• 機能、(数学)関数、(化学)官能基

survival as a function of HbA1c in people with type 2 diabetes HbA1cの機能を考慮（指標に）した2型糖尿病の患者の生存（予後）

Figure 2A shows survival as a function of device removal during index hpspitalization, censored at 1 year or date of last contact. (Figure2Aはは最初の入院中における心臓デバイス除去に関する生存曲線で退院後1年もしくは最後の接触で打ち切っている)

• v.

• 機能する

関

functional、functional group、functionalise、functionalize、operate

　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「functional」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 機能的な、機能性の、機能の、機能上の、(化学)官能基の

関

function、functional group、functionalise、functionality、functionalize、functionally、operate