n.

不適合性、不和合性、不適合、矛盾、(薬学)配合禁忌、配合変化

関: conflict、contradict、contradiction、contradictory、discrepancy、incompatible

WordNet

the relation between propositions that cannot both be true at the same time (同)mutual exclusiveness, inconsistency, repugnance
(immunology) the degree to which the bodys immune system will try to reject foreign material (as transfused blood or transplanted tissue)
the quality of being unable to exist or work in congenial combination
be in conflict; "The two proposals conflict!"
a state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests; "his conflict of interest made him ineligible for the post"; "a conflict of loyalties"
opposition in a work of drama or fiction between characters or forces (especially an opposition that motivates the development of the plot); "this form of conflict is essential to Manns writing"
an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals); "the harder the conflict the more glorious the triumph"--Thomas Paine; "police tried to control the battle between the pro- and anti-abortion mobs" (同)struggle, battle
an incompatibility of dates or events; "he noticed a conflict in the dates of the two meetings"
opposition between two simultaneous but incompatible feelings; "he was immobilized by conflict and indecision"
go against, as of rules and laws; "He ran afoul of the law"; "This behavior conflicts with our rules" (同)run afoul, infringe, contravene
of words or propositions so related that both cannot be true and both cannot be false; "`perfect and `imperfect are contradictory terms"
two propositions are contradictories if both cannot be true (or both cannot be false) at the same time
unable to be both true at the same time (同)mutually_exclusive
opposition between two conflicting forces or ideas
(logic) a statement that is necessarily false; "the statement `he is brave and he is not brave is a contradiction" (同)contradiction in terms
the speech act of contradicting someone; "he spoke as if he thought his claims were immune to contradiction"
used especially of solids or solutions; incapable of blending into a stable homogeneous mixture
incapable of being used with or connected to other devices or components without modification
not compatible; "incompatible personalities"; "incompatible colors"
a difference between conflicting facts or claims or opinions; "a growing divergence of opinion" (同)disagreement, divergence, variance
an event that departs from expectations (同)variance, variant

PrepTutorEJDIC

両立しないこと;〈C〉性格の不一致
(比較的長期にわたる)(…との)『争い』,闘争,戦闘《+『with』+『名』》 / (意見・利害などの)(…との)『衝突』,矛盾,食い違い《+『of』+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / (…と)『争う』《+『with』+『名』》 / (…と)衝突する,矛盾する,両立しない《+『with』+『名』》
矛盾した,正反対の;(…に)矛盾する《+『to』+『名』》 / 否定の言葉,反ばく / 矛盾した事実
否定,反ばく / 矛盾
両立しがたい,不調和な,矛盾した
(…との)相違,不一致,食い違い《+『between』+『名』》

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/04/21 05:10:45」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Software incompatibility is a characteristic of software components or systems which cannot operate satisfactorily together on the same computer, or on different computers linked by a computer network. They may be components or systems which are intended to operate cooperatively or independently. Software compatibility is a characteristic of software components or systems which can operate satisfactorily together on the same computer, or on different computers linked by a computer network. It is possible that some software components or systems may be compatible in one environment and incompatible in another.

Examples

Deadlocks

Consider sequential programs of the form:

Request resource A
Request resource B
Perform action using A and B
Release resource B
Release resource A

A particular program might use a printer (resource A) and a file (resource B) in order to print the file.

If several such programs P1,P2,P3 ... operate at the same time, then the first one to execute will block the others until the resources are released, and the programs will execute in turn. There will be no problem. It makes no difference whether a uni-processor or a multi-processor system is used, as it's the allocation of the resources which determines the order of execution.

Note, however, that programmers are, in general, not constrained to write programs in a particular way, or even if there are guidelines, then some may differ from the guidelines. A variant of the previous program may be:

Request resource B
Request resource A
Perform action using A and B
Release resource A
Release resource B

The resources A and B are the same as in the previous example – not simply dummy variables, as otherwise the programs are identical.

As before, if there are several such programs, Q1,Q2,Q3 which run at the same time using resources as before, there will be no problem.

However, if several of the Ps are set to run at the same time as several of the Qs, then a deadlock condition can arise. Note that the deadlock need not arise, but may.

P: Request resource A
Q: Request resource B
Q: Request resource A (blocked by P)
P: Request resource B (blocked by Q)
...

Now neither P nor Q can proceed¹.

This is one kind of example where programs may demonstrate incompatibility.

Interface incompatibility

Another example of a different kind would be where one software component provides service to another. The incompatibility could be as simple as a change in the order of parameters between the software component requesting service, and the component providing the service. This would be a kind of interface incompatibility. This might be considered a bug, but could be very hard to detect in some systems. Some interface incompatibilities can easily be detected during the build stage, particularly for strongly typed systems, others may be hard to find and may only be detected at run time, while others may be almost impossible to detect without a detailed program analysis.

Consider the following example:

 Component P calls component Q with parameters x and y. For this example, y may be an integer.

 Q returns f(x) which is desired and never zero, and ignores y.

A variant of Q, Q' has similar behaviour, with the following differences:

 if y = 100, then Q' does not terminate.

If P never calls Q with y set to 100, then using Q' instead is a compatible computation. However if P calls Q with y set to 100, then using Q' instead will lead to a non-terminating computation.

If we assume further that f(x) has a numeric value, then component Q'' defined as:

 Q behaves as Q except that
 if y = 100 then Q'' does not terminate
 if y = 101 then Q'' returns 0.9 * f(x)
 if y = 102 then Q'' returns a random value
 if y = 103 then Q'' returns 0.

may cause problem behaviour. If P now calls Q'' with = 101, then the results of the computation will be incorrect, but may not cause a program failure. If P calls Q'' with y = 102 then the results are unpredictable, and failure may arise, possibly due to divide by zero or other errors such as arithmetic overflow. If P calls Q'' with y= 103 then in the event that P uses the result in a division operation, then a divide by zero failure may occur.

This example shows how one program P1 may be always compatible with another Q1, but that there can be constructed other programs Q1' and Q1'' such that P1 and Q' are sometimes incompatible, and P1 and Q1'' are always incompatible.

Performance incompatibility

Sometimes programs P and Q can be running on the same computer, and the presence of one will inhibit the performance of the other. This can particularly happen where the computer uses virtual memory. The result may be that disk thrashing occurs, and one or both programs will have significantly reduced performance. This form of incompatibility can occur if P and Q are intended to cooperate, but can also occur if P and Q are completely unrelated but just happen to run at the same time. An example might be if P is a program which produces large output files, which happen to be stored in main memory, and Q is an anti-virus program which scans many files on the hard disk. If a memory cache is used for virtual memory, then it is possible for the two programs to interact adversely and the performance of each will be drastically reduced².

For some programs P and Q their performance compatibility may depend on the environment in which they are run. They may be substantially incompatible if they are run on a computer with limited main memory, yet it may be possible to run them satisfactorily on a machine with more memory. Some programs may be performance incompatible in almost any environment.

References

C. M. Krishna, K. G. Shin, Real-Time Systems, McGraw-Hill, 1997

UpToDate Contents

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1. 胎児および新生児における溶血性疾患の出生後診断およびマネージメント postnatal diagnosis and management of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn
2. Management of non-Rh(D) red blood cell alloantibodies during pregnancy
3. HLA and ABO sensitization and desensitization in renal transplantation
4. Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia: Parental evaluation and pregnancy management
5. 交差適合試験での不適合 the incompatible crossmatch

English Journal

Exchange Transfusion for Severe Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia: 17 Years' Experience from Vojvodina, Serbia.

Bujandric N1, Grujic J1.
Indian journal of hematology & blood transfusion : an official journal of Indian Society of Hematology and Blood Transfusion.Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus.2016 Jun;32(2):208-14. doi: 10.1007/s12288-015-0534-1. Epub 2015 Apr 2.
This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of the main risk factors for severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, to determine the incidence of exchange transfusion (ET) in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina (the northern part of Serbia) and to describe the experience with ET performed in premature and
PMID 27065585

Indication of Mild Hemolytic Reaction Among Preterm Infants With ABO Incompatibility.

Yogev-Lifshitz M1, Leibovitch L1,2, Schushan-Eisen I1,2, Taran C2, Strauss T1,2, Maayan-Metzger A1,2.
Pediatric blood & cancer.Pediatr Blood Cancer.2016 Jun;63(6):1050-3. doi: 10.1002/pbc.25926. Epub 2016 Feb 3.
BACKGROUND: Among term infants, ABO incompatibility is a leading cause of hemolytic disease and neonatal jaundice. With respect to preterm infants, data are lacking.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence and severity of ABO incompatibility hemolytic disease among preterm infants with respect to hemoly
PMID 26841084

Gelatin-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose water-in-water emulsions as a new bio-based packaging material.

Esteghlal S1, Niakosari M1, Hosseini SM2, Mesbahi GR1, Yousefi GH3.
International journal of biological macromolecules.Int J Biol Macromol.2016 May;86:242-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.01.065. Epub 2016 Jan 22.
Gelatin and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) are two incompatible and immiscible biopolymers which cannot form homogeneous composite films using usual methods. In this study, to prevent phase separation, gelatin-HPMC water-in-water (W/W) emulsion was utilized to from transparent composite films
PMID 26808017

Differentiation of Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Motor Neuron-Like Cells on Three-Dimensional Collagen-Grafted Nanofibers.

Bagher Z1, Azami M2, Ebrahimi-Barough S2,3, Mirzadeh H4, Solouk A5, Soleimani M1,6,7, Ai J2,3, Nourani MR8, Joghataei MT9,10,11.
Molecular neurobiology.Mol Neurobiol.2016 May;53(4):2397-408. doi: 10.1007/s12035-015-9199-x. Epub 2015 May 24.
Cell transplantation strategies have provided potential therapeutic approaches for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells from Wharton's jelly (WJMSCs) are abundant and available adult stem cells with low immunological incompatibility, which could be considered for cell repl
PMID 26001761

Japanese Journal

日本におけるコーポレート・ガバナンスの論理と方策に見られる不適合 : その要因と改革の方向性

高岡義幸
広島経済大学経済研究論集 36(1), 17-29, 20130630-00-00
はじめに　1．CG 論の導入と発展の諸側面 1.1 CG の目的とその変遷 1.2 意図する利益享受者とその変遷 1.3 ガバナンス手段とその変遷 2．日本におけるCG 方策と現在のCG 改革論議 2.1 これまでのCG 方策 2.2 現在のCG 改革論議 3．日本のCG を形成する思想と論理 3.1 米国のCG 制度の模倣 3.2 日本の伝統的会社観とCG の目的 3.3 監査役職務の交錯と監査 …
NAID 120005377773

Predictive Factors for Reintubation following Noninvasive Ventilation in Patients with Respiratory Complications after Living Donor Liver Transplantation.

Chihara Yuichi,Egawa Hiroto,Oga Toru,Tsuboi Tomomasa,Handa Tomohiro,Yagi Shintaro,Iida Taku,Yoshizawa Atsushi,Yamamoto Kazuhiko,Mishima Michiaki,Tanaka Koichi,Uemoto Shinji,Chin Kazuo
PloS one 8(12), 2013-12-05
… p = 0.01), ABO-incompatibility (OR 4.49; … [Conclusions]Because controlled preoperative infection, ABO-incompatibility or pneumonia prior to the start of NIV were independent risk factors for reintubation following NIV, caution should be used in applying NIV in patients with these conditions considering the high rate of mortality in patients requiring reintubation following NIV. …
NAID 120005372923

マイコウイルス伝搬の障壁となる細胞質不和合性機構とその克服 (特集農作物生産におけるウイルスの有効利用)

池田健一
JATAFFジャーナル = JATAFF journal : 農林水産技術 1(12), 9-13, 2013-12
NAID 40019900015

Effects of KIR ligand incompatibility on clinical outcomes of umbilical cord blood transplantation without ATG for acute leukemia in complete remission

Tanaka J.,Morishima Y.,Takahashi Y.,Yabe T.,Oba K.,Takahashi S.,Taniguchi S.,Ogawa H.,Onishi Y.,Miyamura K.,Kanamori H.,Aotsuka N.,Kato K.,Kato S.,Atsuta Y.,Kanda Y.
Blood cancer journal 3, e164, 2013-11
… To clarify the effect of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) ligand incompatibility on outcomes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients in complete remission after single cord blood transplantation (CBT), we assessed the outcomes of CBT registered in the Japan Society for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (JSHCT) database. …
NAID 120005365910

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「矛盾」「conflict」「不適合」「不適合性」「discrepancy」
拡張検索	「histoincompatibility」「Rh incompatibility」「feto-maternal platelet antigen incompatibility」