WordNet

secure against; "immune from taxation as long as he resided in Bermuda"; "immune from criminal prosecution"
a person who is immune to a particular infection
relating to or conferring immunity (to disease or infection) (同)resistant
(usually followed by `to'
relating to the condition of immunity; "the immune system"
an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning
caused by or altered by or manifesting disease or pathology; "diseased tonsils"; "a morbid growth"; "pathologic tissue"; "pathological bodily processes" (同)morbid, pathologic, pathological

PrepTutorEJDIC

免疫の / 《補語にのみ用いて》(影響・攻撃・義務・税などを)免れている《+『against』(『from, to』)+『名』》
(体の)『病気』,疾患 / (精神・道徳などの)病気,病弊
女性の話術芸人 =diseur
病気にかかった / 病的な,不健全な(morbid)

UpToDate Contents

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1. 骨髄破壊性および骨髄非破壊性移植前治療を行った成人における臍帯血移植 umbilical cord blood transplantation in adults using myeloablative and nonmyeloablative preparative regimens
2. 成人におけるクローン病の臨床症状、診断、および予後 clinical manifestations diagnosis and prognosis of crohn disease in adults
3. 小児における慢性下痢の原因の概要 overview of the causes of chronic diarrhea in children
4. バセドウ病（グレーブス病）の発症機序 pathogenesis of graves disease
5. 慢性粘膜皮膚カンジダ症 chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis

English Journal

Targeted therapies in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Grech P1, Khamashta M.Author information 1King's College London, School of Medicine, London, UK.AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, multisystem disorder characterised by loss of tolerance to endogenous nuclear antigens and autoantibody formation. Recent insight into the immunopathogenesis of lupus has provided the foundation for a novel class of agents which target specific, dysregulated components of the immune system. Efforts have focused predominantly on B-cell depleting therapies, of which belimumab was the first to demonstrate success in phase III studies and thus receive marketing authorisation. Off-label prescribing of rituximab in refractory cases is common and supported by uncontrolled studies, which suggest a favourable risk:benefit profile. However, two placebo-controlled trials failed to show benefit, possibly because of inappropriate patient selection and other aspects of trial methodology. Inhibition of dysregulated co-stimulatory signals and cytokines are other therapeutic strategies currently under investigation. Some candidate drugs failed to meet primary endpoints in early-phase clinical trials, yet demonstrated clinical benefit when alternative assessment criteria were applied or specific patient sub-groups analysed. Well-designed studies of greater size and duration are needed to clarify the therapeutic utility of these agents. Future immunomodulatory strategies targeting interferon-alpha, T cells, oxidative stress and epigenetic abnormalities may reduce multisystem disease activity and prolong survival in this complex and heterogeneic disease.
Lupus.Lupus.2013 Sep;22(10):978-86. doi: 10.1177/0961203313499417.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, multisystem disorder characterised by loss of tolerance to endogenous nuclear antigens and autoantibody formation. Recent insight into the immunopathogenesis of lupus has provided the foundation for a novel class of agents which target specific, dysre
PMID 23963429

Immunosuppressive CD14+HLA-DRlow/neg IDO+ myeloid cells in patients following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Mougiakakos D1, Jitschin R, von Bahr L, Poschke I, Gary R, Sundberg B, Gerbitz A, Ljungman P, Le Blanc K.Author information 1Division of Clinical Immunology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden. dimitrios.mougiakakos@uk-erlangen.deAbstractMyeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have emerged as a heterogeneic immunoregulatory population that can expand in response to inflammatory signals. Predominantly studied in cancer, MDSCs suppress T cells utilizing various mechanisms. In allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) therapy-related toxicity and alloreactivity increase inflammatory cytokines that might favor an MDSC accumulation. To address this question, circulating CD14(+)HLA-DR(low/neg) cells were studied retrospectively in 51 allo-HSCT patients. These cells represent one of the few well-described human MDSC subsets under physiological and pathological conditions. The frequency of CD14(+)HLA-DR(low/neg) cells was significantly increased after allo-HSCT, especially in patients with acute graft-versus-host disease. Compared to healthy donor cells they were pSTAT1(low) (phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)(high). Serum levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-6, which both have been linked to MDSC induction, correlated positively with the frequency of CD14(+)HLA-DR(low/neg) cells. In vitro dysfunction of patient T cells, such as reduced proliferative capacity or CD3ζ-chain expression, was rescued by blocking the IDO activity of CD14(+)HLA-DR(low/neg) cells. Overall, we identified a T-cell-suppressive monocytic population that expands after allo-HSCT. The mechanisms responsible for such accumulation remain to be elucidated. It will be of great interest to prospectively investigate the influence of these cells on the graft-versus-tumor and -host reaction.
Leukemia.Leukemia.2013 Feb;27(2):377-88. doi: 10.1038/leu.2012.215. Epub 2012 Jul 25.
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have emerged as a heterogeneic immunoregulatory population that can expand in response to inflammatory signals. Predominantly studied in cancer, MDSCs suppress T cells utilizing various mechanisms. In allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-H
PMID 22828446

HCV antibody response and genotype distribution in different areas and races of China.

Jia L1, Yu J, Yang J, Song H, Liu X, Wang Y, Xu Y, Zhang C, Zhong Y, Li Q.Author information 1The Institute for Disease Prevention and Control of PLA, Beijing, China.AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) heterogeneity accounts for the failure of effective vaccine development and the lack of successful anti-viral therapy in some patients. Little is known about the immune response to HCV peptides and the region or race specific genotypes in China. The objective of this study was to characterize HCV antibody immune response to HCV peptides and HCV genotypes in different regions and races of China. A total of 363 serum samples were collected from HCV carriers in 6 regions in China. The immune response to HCV peptides was evaluated by ELISA. HCV genotypes were examined using nested RT-PCR. We found that the anti-HCV antibody neutralization rates were significantly different among the serum samples from different areas or from different races in the same area. For samples from Tibet and Sinkiang, the rates of neutralization by HCV peptides were only 3.2% and 30.8%, respectively. The genotypes of samples from Tibet and Sinkiang were apparently heterogeneic and included type I, II, III and multiple types (I/II/III, I/II, I/III, II/III). One specific sample with multiple-genotype (I/II/III) HCV infection was found to consist of type I, II, III, II/III and an unclassified genotype. These studies indicate that the anti-HCV antibody immune response to HCV peptides varied across regions and among races. The distribution of HCV genotypes among Tibetans in Tibet and Uighurs in Sinkiang was different from that in the inner areas of China. In addition, a "master" genotype, type II, was found to exist in HCV infection with multiple HCV genotypes.
International journal of biological sciences.Int J Biol Sci.2009 Jun 13;5(5):421-7.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) heterogeneity accounts for the failure of effective vaccine development and the lack of successful anti-viral therapy in some patients. Little is known about the immune response to HCV peptides and the region or race specific genotypes in China. The objective of this study wa
PMID 19564925