関: footshock

WordNet

strike with horror or terror; "The news of the bombing shocked her"
(pathology) bodily collapse or near collapse caused by inadequate oxygen delivery to the cells; characterized by reduced cardiac output and rapid heartbeat and circulatory insufficiency and pallor; "loss of blood is an important cause of shock"
subject to electrical shocks
the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat; "the armies met in the shock of battle" (同)impact
an unpleasant or disappointing surprise; "it came as a shock to learn that he was injured" (同)blow
an instance of agitation of the earths crust; "the first shock of the earthquake came shortly after noon while workers were at lunch" (同)seismic disturbance
a bushy thick mass (especially hair); "he had an unruly shock of black hair"
a pile of sheaves of grain set on end in a field to dry; stalks of Indian corn set up in a field; "corn is bound in small sheaves and several sheaves are set up together in shocks"; "whole fields of wheat in shock"
surprise greatly; knock someones socks off; "I was floored when I heard that I was promoted" (同)floor, ball over, blow out of the water, take aback
strike with disgust or revulsion; "The scandalous behavior of this married woman shocked her friends" (同)offend, scandalize, scandalise, appal, appall, outrage
collect or gather into shocks; "shock grain"
collide violently
pay for something; "pick up the tab"; "pick up the burden of high-interest mortgages"; "foot the bill" (同)pick
a linear unit of length equal to 12 inches or a third of a yard; "he is six feet tall" (同)ft
any of various organs of locomotion or attachment in invertebrates (同)invertebrate foot
a support resembling a pedal extremity; "one foot of the chair was on the carpet"
travel by walking; "he followed on foot"; "the swiftest of foot"
the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint; "his bare feet projected from his trousers"; "armored from head to foot" (同)human foot, pes
a member of a surveillance team who works on foot or rides as a passenger
the lower part of anything; "curled up on the foot of the bed"; "the foot of the page"; "the foot of the list"; "the foot of the mountain"
add a column of numbers (同)foot up
walk; "lets hoof it to the disco" (同)leg it, hoof, hoof it
a relation that provides the foundation for something; "they were on a friendly footing"; "he worked on an interim basis" (同)basis, ground
status with respect to the relations between people or groups; "on good terms with her in-laws"; "on a friendly footing" (同)terms
having feet; "footed creatures"; "a footed sofa"

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉(衝突・爆発などの)『衝撃』,(地震の)震動,電撃 / 〈C〉〈U〉(精神的)『打撃』,ショック / 〈U〉ショック症 / 《しばしば受動態で》〈人〉‘を'『ぎょっとさせる』,ひどく驚かせる / (治療のため)〈人・動物〉‘に'電気ショクを与える
(乾燥させるために立てかけた)穀類の刈り束 / 〈穀類〉‘を'刈り束にする
(髪の毛の)もじゃもじゃの固まり《+『of』+『名』》
〈C〉(人間・動物の)『足』(くるぶしから先の部分);(生物体の)足状の部分 / 〈C〉《通例the~》(高い物・長い物の)『足部』,下部,低部《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉《通例the foot》(階級・地位などの)最下位《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉〈C〉『歩み』,足取り / 〈C〉『フィート』(長さの単位で12インチ,30.48センチ) / 〈C〉詩脚(詩における韻律の単位) / 〈C〉《通例単数形で》(靴下の)足の部分 / 〈勘定など〉‘を'支払う
《a ~》足もと;足がかり,足場 / 確実な立場,安定した地位,基盤 / (…との)間柄,相互関係《+『with』+『名』》
(花びん・ゴブレットなどが)足のついた,足のある / 《複合語を作って》「足が…の」の意を表す
びっくりさせる,ぞっとする / 全くひどい(very bad),不愉快な(offensive)

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1. 敗血症性ショック：小児における蘇生後の継続的マネージメント septic shock ongoing management after resuscitation in children
2. 敗血症性ショック：小児における迅速な覚知および初期蘇生 septic shock rapid recognition and initial resuscitation in children
3. 成人におけるショック：種類、症状、および診断的アプローチ shock in adults types presentation and diagnostic approach
4. 成人外傷におけるショックの一次評価およびマネージメント initial evaluation and management of shock in adult trauma
5. 若年アスリートにおける足部痛の臨床的特徴およびマネージメント clinical features and management of foot pain in the young athlete

English Journal

The α1 adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin enhances sleep continuity in fear-conditioned Wistar-Kyoto rats.

Laitman BM1, Gajewski ND2, Mann GL2, Kubin L2, Morrison AR2, Ross RJ3.Author information 1Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States. Electronic address: benjamin.laitman@mssm.edu.2Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.3Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.AbstractFragmentation of rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) is well described in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and likely has significant functional consequences. Fear-conditioned rodents may offer an attractive model of the changes in sleep that characterize PTSD. Following fear conditioning (FC), Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, a strain known to be particularly stress-sensitive, have increased REMS fragmentation that can be quantified as a shift in the distribution of REMS episodes towards the more frequent occurrence of sequential REMS (inter-REMS episode interval≤3 min) vs. single REMS (interval>3 min). The α1 adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin has demonstrated efficacy in normalizing sleep in PTSD. To determine the utility of fear-conditioned WKY rats as a model of sleep disturbances typical of PTSD and as a platform for the development of new treatments, we tested the hypothesis that prazosin would reduce REMS fragmentation in fear-conditioned WKY rats. Sleep parameters and freezing (a standard measure of anxiety in rodents) were quantified at baseline and on Days 1, 7, and 14 following FC, with either prazosin (0.01mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle injections administered prior to testing in a between-group design. Fear conditioning was achieved by pairing tones with a mild electric foot shock (1.0mA, 0.5s). One, 7, and 14 days following FC, prazosin or vehicle was injected, the tone was presented, freezing was measured, and then sleep was recorded from 11 AM to 3 PM. WKY rats given prazosin, compared to those given vehicle, had a lower amount of seq-REMS relative to total REMS time 14 days after FC. They also had a shorter non-REMS latency and fewer non-REMS arousals at baseline and on Days 1 and 7 after FC. Thus, in FC rats, prazosin reduced both REMS fragmentation and non-REMS discontinuity.
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry.Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry.2014 Mar 3;49:7-15. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.11.004. Epub 2013 Nov 15.
Fragmentation of rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) is well described in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and likely has significant functional consequences. Fear-conditioned rodents may offer an attractive model of the changes in sleep that characterize PTSD. Following fear condit
PMID 24246572

Selective, retrieval-independent disruption of methamphetamine-associated memory by actin depolymerization.

Young EJ1, Aceti M2, Griggs EM1, Fuchs RA3, Zigmond Z1, Rumbaugh G2, Miller CA4.Author information 1Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida; Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida.2Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida.3Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.4Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida; Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida. Electronic address: cmiller@scripps.edu.AbstractBACKGROUND: Memories associated with drugs of abuse, such as methamphetamine (METH), increase relapse vulnerability to substance use disorder. There is a growing consensus that memory is supported by structural and functional plasticity driven by F-actin polymerization in postsynaptic dendritic spines at excitatory synapses. However, the mechanisms responsible for the long-term maintenance of memories, after consolidation has occurred, are largely unknown.
Biological psychiatry.Biol Psychiatry.2014 Jan 15;75(2):96-104. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.07.036. Epub 2013 Sep 5.
BACKGROUND: Memories associated with drugs of abuse, such as methamphetamine (METH), increase relapse vulnerability to substance use disorder. There is a growing consensus that memory is supported by structural and functional plasticity driven by F-actin polymerization in postsynaptic dendritic spin
PMID 24012327

Protective effects of the novel adenosine derivative WS0701 in a mouse model of posttraumatic stress disorder.

Huang ZL1, Liu R1, Bai XY1, Zhao G1, Song JK1, Wu S2, Du GH3.Author information 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.2State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of New Drug Research and Development, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.31] Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China [2] State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of New Drug Research and Development, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.AbstractAim:To investigate the effects of the novel N6-substituted adenosine derivative {(2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[6-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)amino]-9H-purin-9-yl]tetrahydrofuran-2-yl} methyl decanoate (WS0701) on stress-induced excessive fear, anxiety, and cognitive deficits in a mouse model of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).Methods:Male mice underwent a conditioned foot shock and single prolonged stress procedure to induce PTSD. Contextual/cued fear, elevated plus-maze, open field and novel object recognition tests were conduced to assess PTSD-like behaviors. From d 1, the mice were orally administered WS0701 (7.5, 15, or 30 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1)) or paroxetine (10 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1)) for two weeks. Apoptosis of hippocampal neurons was detected using flow cytometry and TUNEL staining, and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in the hippocampus was measured with Western boltting and qPCR assays.Results:WS0701 administration significantly alleviated fear, anxious behaviors and memory deficits in the mouse model of PTSD. Furthermore, WS0701 administration significantly reduced the stress-induced apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, and increased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio in the hippocampus. The positive control drug paroxetine exerted similar effects on PTSD-like behaviors and hippocampal neuron apoptosis in the mouse model of PTSD, which were comparable to those caused by the high dose of WS0701.Conclusion:WS0701 effectively mitigates stress-induced PTSD-like behaviors in mice, partly via inhibition of neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus.
Acta pharmacologica Sinica.Acta Pharmacol Sin.2014 Jan;35(1):24-32. doi: 10.1038/aps.2013.143. Epub 2013 Dec 16.
Aim:To investigate the effects of the novel N6-substituted adenosine derivative {(2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[6-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)amino]-9H-purin-9-yl]tetrahydrofuran-2-yl} methyl decanoate (WS0701) on stress-induced excessive fear, anxiety, and cognitive deficits in a mouse model of pos
PMID 24335837

Japanese Journal

ダプトマイシンによる急性好酸球性肺炎が疑われた糖尿病性足病変に伴う下腿蜂窩織炎の1例

村上隆亮,小山泰司,増井秀行,波床朋信,島村清貴,松田優樹,松尾浩司,南部拓央,米光新,武呂誠司,隠岐尚吾
糖尿病 57(4), 264-270, 2014
症例は56歳，女性．主訴は意識障害．6年前に糖尿病と診断された．5年前からインスリン治療を開始されたが，血糖コントロールは不良であった．入院1か月前から両下肢潰瘍を認め，翌月に意識障害が出現し，緊急入院した．左下肢潰瘍周辺の発赤，排膿を認め，著明な炎症所見を示した．左下腿蜂窩織炎及びそれに伴う敗血症性ショックと診断した．高度腎機能障害があり，入院3日目からダプトマシンの投与を開始したが，次第に呼吸 …
NAID 130004511398

体表心電図を心筋活動電位から理解する

田中義文
日本臨床麻酔学会誌 34(1), 124-132, 2014
心電図の成書は1930年代に完成され，標準12誘導，アイントホーフェンの正三角形，平均電気軸の理論が紹介されている．その後，心筋活動電位，イオンチャネルなどの知見，心腔内マッピングなどの発展はあるものの，成書としてはいまだに1930年代の説明が踏襲されている．本稿では細胞外電位は心筋活動電位と極性が逆転している性質を利用して，心内膜側活動電位から心外膜側活動電位の引き算結果が第II誘導体表心電 …
NAID 130004450245

Low-energy Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Improves Microcirculation Blood Flow of Ischemic Limbs in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease: Pilot Study

Tara Shuhei,Miyamoto Masaaki,Takagi Gen,Kirinoki-Ichikawa Sonoko,Tezuka Akito,Hada Tomohito,Takagi Ikuyo
Journal of Nippon Medical School 81(1), 19-27, 2014
… Background: Because direct application of low-energy shock waves induces angiogenesis, we investigated the safety and efficacy of this new therapy to develop a noninvasive method of repeatable therapeutic angiogenesis for treating peripheral arterial disease (PAD). … Low-energy shock waves were directly applied to the calf muscles 6 times every other day. …
NAID 130004147275