WordNet

the area taken up by some object; "the computer had a desktop footprint of 10 by 16 inches"
a mark of a foot or shoe on a surface; "the police made casts of the footprints in the soft earth outside the window" (同)footmark, step
a trace suggesting that something was once present or felt or otherwise important; "the footprints of an earlier civilization"
pay for something; "pick up the tab"; "pick up the burden of high-interest mortgages"; "foot the bill" (同)pick
a linear unit of length equal to 12 inches or a third of a yard; "he is six feet tall" (同)ft
any of various organs of locomotion or attachment in invertebrates (同)invertebrate foot
a support resembling a pedal extremity; "one foot of the chair was on the carpet"
travel by walking; "he followed on foot"; "the swiftest of foot"
the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint; "his bare feet projected from his trousers"; "armored from head to foot" (同)human foot, pes
a member of a surveillance team who works on foot or rides as a passenger
the lower part of anything; "curled up on the foot of the bed"; "the foot of the page"; "the foot of the list"; "the foot of the mountain"
add a column of numbers (同)foot up
walk; "lets hoof it to the disco" (同)leg it, hoof, hoof it
write as if with print; not cursive
a copy of a movie on film (especially a particular version of it)
a fabric with a dyed pattern pressed onto it (usually by engraved rollers)
a picture or design printed from an engraving
availability in printed form; "weve got to get that story into print"; "his book is no longer in print"
the text appearing in a book, newspaper, or other printed publication; "I want to see it in print"
reproduce by printing (同)impress
put into print; "The newspaper published the news of the royal couples divorce"; "These news should not be printed" (同)publish
make into a print; "print the negative"
a relation that provides the foundation for something; "they were on a friendly footing"; "he worked on an interim basis" (同)basis, ground
status with respect to the relations between people or groups; "on good terms with her in-laws"; "on a friendly footing" (同)terms
the business of producing printed material for sale or distribution
reproduction by applying ink to paper as for publication (同)printing process
text handwritten in the style of printed matter
having feet; "footed creatures"; "a footed sofa"

PrepTutorEJDIC

足跡
〈C〉(人間・動物の)『足』(くるぶしから先の部分);(生物体の)足状の部分 / 〈C〉《通例the~》(高い物・長い物の)『足部』,下部,低部《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉《通例the foot》(階級・地位などの)最下位《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉〈C〉『歩み』,足取り / 〈C〉『フィート』(長さの単位で12インチ,30.48センチ) / 〈C〉詩脚(詩における韻律の単位) / 〈C〉《通例単数形で》(靴下の)足の部分 / 〈勘定など〉‘を'支払う
…‘を'『印刷する』 / 〈原稿・本など〉‘を'『出版する』 / …‘を'『活字体で書く』 / 〈写真〉‘を'『焼きつける』,〈印画〉‘を'つくる / (…に)…‘を'押してつける;(心に)…‘を'刻みつける,印象づける《+『名』+『on』+『名』》 / (印刷・焼きつけなどによって)〈活字・模様・写真などが〉現れる,写る;〈紙などが〉印刷できる / 〈機械が〉印刷する / 活字体で書く / 〈U〉『印刷』,印刷の字体 / 〈C〉《しばしば複合語で》(押した)跡,しるし / 〈U〉プリント模様;プリント生地;〈C〉プリント地の衣服 / 〈C〉(写真の)印画,陽画(positive) / 〈C〉版画
《a ~》足もと;足がかり,足場 / 確実な立場,安定した地位,基盤 / (…との)間柄,相互関係《+『with』+『名』》
〈C〉『印刷』;印刷術;印刷業 / 〈C〉印刷物 / 〈C〉(1回分の)印刷部数, / 〈U〉(手書きの)活字体
(花びん・ゴブレットなどが)足のついた,足のある / 《複合語を作って》「足が…の」の意を表す

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/05/10 16:56:54」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Buzz Aldrin's footprint on the Moon in 1969 on the Apollo 11 mission

Footprints (or footmarks) are the impressions or images left behind by a person walking or running. Hoofprints and pawprints are those left by animals with hooves or paws rather than feet, while "shoeprints" is the specific term for prints made by shoes. They may either be indentations in the ground or something placed onto the surface that was stuck to the bottom of the foot. A "trackway" is set of footprints in soft earth left by a life-form; animal tracks are the footprints, hoofprints, or pawprints of an animal.

Footprints can be followed when tracking during a hunt or can provide evidence of activities. Some footprints remain unexplained, with several famous stories from mythology and legend. Others have provided evidence of prehistoric life and behaviours.

Footprints in detective work

Footprint left at crime scene.

The print left behind at a crime scene can give vital evidence to the perpetrator of the crime. Shoes have many different prints based on the sole design and the wear that it has received – this can help to identify suspects.^[1] Photographs or castings of footprints can be taken to preserve the finding. Analysis of footprints and shoeprints is a specialist part of forensic science.

Some detective work is relatively immediate, with criminals being tracked by the footprints they left in the snow leading from the crime scene to their home or hiding place. This is usually reported as a humorous story in news publications.^[2]^[3]

Footprints can also allow the detective to find the approximate height from,^[4] footprint and shoeprint. The Foot tends to be approximately 15% of the person's average height.^[5]^[6] Individualistic characteristics of the footprints like numerous creases, flatfoot character, horizontal and vertical ridges, corns, deformities etc. can help the forensic scientist in cases pertaining to criminal identification.^[5] In some forensic cases, the need may also arise to estimate body weight from the size of the footprints.^[7]

Foot prints have been shown to have determine the height and the sex of the individual.

Ancient footprints

Replica of dinosaur footprints found in La Rioja

Footprints have been preserved as fossils and provide evidence of prehistoric life. Known as "ichnites", these trace fossils can give clues to the behaviour of specific species of dinosaur. The study of such fossils is known as ichnology and the footprints may be given scientific names (ichnospecies). Grallator is one example of an ichnogenus based on ichnites. Strictly speaking, an ichnospecies is the name of the trace fossil, not of the animal that made it.

For example, an international team's discovery of a set of 1.5 million-year-old human ancestor footprints in Ileret, Kenya has shown the earliest direct evidence of a modern human style of upright walking. The team believe that the prints were probably formed by the species Homo erectus.^[8]

Other footprint findings

Lark Quarry - the only known palaeontological record of a dinosaur stampede.^[9]
Siwa Oasis – World's oldest hominid footprint discovered, over 3 million years old.^[10]
Laetoli – human footprints from the Pliocene era (3.7 million years ago) preserved in volcanic ash.^[11]
Koobi Fora – 1.5 million hominin footprints in Kenya showing essentially modern bipedal locomotion.^[12]
Acahualinca – 2,100 year old human footprints fossilized in volcanic ash and mud in Nicaragua.^[13]
Uskmouth – human footprints carbon dated to 4200BC preserved in clay.^[14]
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park – Footprint impressions found in the Ka’u Desert ash within Hawaii Volcanoes National Park.^[15]
Footprints of Eve – the oldest known footprints of an anatomically modern human.^[16]
1790 Footprints - a set of footprints on the island of Hawaii
Happisburgh footprints - footprints of about five adult and children members of Homo antecessor dating to more than 800,000 years before present, found at Happisburgh in England.^[17]

Footprints in myth and legend

One legend states that these impressions, kept in the Church of Domine Quo Vadis, are the footprints of Jesus.

The appearance of footprints, or marks interpreted as footprints, have led to numerous myths and legends. Some locations use such imprints as tourist attractions.

Examples of footprints in myth and legend include:

Buddha footprint – an aniconic and symbolic representation of the Buddha.^[18]
The Devil's Footprints – an unexplained series of hoof-like marks that appeared in Devon, England on 8 February 1855 after a light snowfall during the night.^[19]
Golden calf – in Islam dust from the hoofprints of Haizum, the winged horse of archangel Gabriel, is used to animate the Golden calf.^[20]
Moso's Footprint – a 1m by 3m rock enclosure in Samoa made when the giant Moso stepped over to Samoa from Fiji, and the other footprint can be found on Viti Levu, the largest island of Fiji.
Footprints of Bigfoot, a cryptozoological animal, are said to give proof to its existence.
Sri Pada, or Adam's Peak, a mountain in Sri Lanka, has a large footprint-shaped impression in the rock at its summit, said by various religious adherents to be that of the Buddha, Shiva or Adam.
The reputed print of the right foot of Jesus is preserved in the Mosque of the Ascension in Jerusalem.
A set of Jesus's footprints, according to legend, are preserved at the Church of Domine Quo Vadis outside of Rome.
A mark in stone of the paving of the Munich Frauenkirche is known as the Teufelstritt ("Devil's Footstep").

Footprints in popular culture

Jack Nicholson's foot and handprints outside Grauman's Chinese Theatre.

The imagery of footprints has been used in many areas of popular culture. Several poems and songs have been written about them, with the Christian poem Footprints being one of the best known.

Prints or impressions of a child's feet can be kept as a memento by parents. Usually this is done using paint. The impressions of celebrity's feet, usually in concrete, may be kept in a collection such as that outside Grauman's Chinese Theatre.

References

^ BBC News, 2 March 1998. "Footprints help to track down criminals". Accessed 28 July 2006.
^ BBC News, 30 June 2005. "Vandal caught by his footprints". Accessed 28 July 2006.
^ BBC News, 27 April 2006. "Footprints in snow lead to court". Accessed 28 July 2006.
^ Krishan K, Sharma A (August 2007). "Estimation of stature from dimensions of hands and feet in a North Indian population". J Forensic Leg Med 14 (6): 327–32. doi:10.1016/j.jcfm.2006.10.008. PMID 17239650.
^ ^a ^b Krishan K (March 2008). "Estimation of stature from footprint and foot outline dimensions in Gujjars of North India". Forensic Sci. Int. 175 (2-3): 93–101. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.05.014. PMID 17590549.
^ Krishan K (December 2008). "Determination of stature from foot and its segments in a north Indian population". Am J Forensic Med Pathol 29 (4): 297–303. doi:10.1097/PAF.0b013e3181847dd3. PMID 19259013.
^ Krishan K (July 2008). "Establishing correlation of footprints with body weight—forensic aspects". Forensic Sci. Int. 179 (1): 63–9. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2008.04.015. PMID 18515026.
^ Ancient 1.5 Million-Year-Old Footprints Show Earliest Evidence of Modern Foot Anatomy and Walking Newswise, Retrieved on 3 March 2009.
^ Queensland Parks and Widelife Service: Lark Quarry Conservation Park
^ CNN: Human footprint may be oldest ever found
^ Wong K (August 2005). "Footprints to fill. Flat feet and doubts about makers of the Laetoli Tracks". Sci. Am. 293 (2): 18–9. PMID 16053127.
^ Bennett MR, Harris JW, Richmond BG, et al. (February 2009). "Early hominin foot morphology based on 1.5-million-year-old footprints from Ileret, Kenya". Science 323 (5918): 1197–201. Bibcode:2009Sci...323.1197B. doi:10.1126/science.1168132. PMID 19251625.
^ Schmincke, H.-U., Kutterolf, S., Perez, J., Rausch, J., Freundt, A., Strauch, W. (2008). "Walking through volcanic mud: the 2,100 year-old Acahualinca footprints (Nicaragua). I Stratigraphy, lithology, volcanology and age of the Acahualinca section". Bulletin of Volcanology 71 (5): 479–93. Bibcode:2008BVol..tmp...48S. doi:10.1007/s00445-008-0235-9.
^ Gathering the Jewels. "Prehistoric footprints, Uskmouth, Glamorgan". Accessed 28 July 2006.
^ Nakamura, J.J.M. (2009). "Hominid Footprints in Recent Volcanic Ash: New Interpretations from Hawaii Volcanoes National Park". Ichnos. 16: 118–123. doi:10.1080/10420940802471001.
^ "National Geographic press release 08/14/1997 Footprints from Dawn of Modern Humans found". Retrieved 2008-09-08.
^ Ashton, Nicholas (7 February 2014). "The earliest human footprints outside Africa". British Museum. Retrieved 2014-02-07.
^ Japanese Buddhist Statuary, 14 January 2005. "Stone footprints of the Buddha". Accessed 28 July 2006.
^ MysteriousBritain.co.uk. "The Devil's Footprints". Accessed 28 July 2006.
^ "Libra the Scales". Accessed 28 July 2006.

Krishan K (July 2007). "Individualizing characteristics of footprints in Gujjars of North India—forensic aspects". Forensic Sci. Int. 169 (2-3): 137–44. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.08.006. PMID 16965880.
Devesh V Oberoi (2006). "Estimation of Stature and Sex from Foot print length using regression formulae and standard foot print length formula respectively". Journal of Punjab Academy of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology 6: 5–8.

External links

Media related to Footprint (category) at Wikimedia Commons

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 糖尿病性足病変の評価 evaluation of the diabetic foot
2. 糖尿病性足病変のマネージメント management of diabetic foot lesions
3. 小児または思春期のアスリートにおける足部痛の臨床的特徴およびマネージメント clinical features and management of foot pain in the child or adolescent athlete
4. 小児または思春期のアスリートにおける足部および足関節の疼痛評価 evaluation of foot and ankle pain in the child or adolescent athlete
5. 成人における足趾骨折 toe fractures in adults

English Journal

Creation of femoral tunnel by outside-in technique for ACL reconstruction: an analysis.

Sinha S1, Naik AK, Meena D, Jain VK, Arya RK.
Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery.Arch Orthop Trauma Surg.2014 Dec;134(12):1709-16. doi: 10.1007/s00402-014-2078-5. Epub 2014 Sep 2.
PURPOSE: To study the outcome of ACL reconstruction by retrograde outside-in (OI) creation of femoral tunnel.METHODS: ACL reconstruction was done in 41 cases by OI technique. The tip of 115° femoral guide was placed at posterior aspect of femoral foot print of ACL. Reaming was done from outside-in
PMID 25179894

Compact 1D-silicon photonic crystal electro-optic modulator operating with ultra-low switching voltage and energy.

Shakoor A, Nozaki K, Kuramochi E, Nishiguchi K, Shinya A, Notomi M.
Optics express.Opt Express.2014 Nov 17;22(23):28623-34. doi: 10.1364/OE.22.028623.
We demonstrate a small foot print (600 nm wide) 1D silicon photonic crystal electro-optic modulator operating with only a 50 mV swing voltage and 0.1 fJ/bit switching energy at GHz speeds, which are the lowest values ever reported for a silicon electro-optic modulator. A 3 dB extinction ratio is dem
PMID 25402103

Preshaping plates for minimally invasive fixation of calcaneal fractures using a real-size 3D-printed model as a preoperative and intraoperative tool.

Chung KJ1, Hong do Y1, Kim YT1, Yang I2, Park YW1, Kim HN3.
Foot & ankle international.Foot Ankle Int.2014 Nov;35(11):1231-6. doi: 10.1177/1071100714544522. Epub 2014 Jul 22.
PMID 25053782