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a complex consisting of an organic base in association with hydrogen chloride
tranquilizer used to treat psychotic disorders

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/01/04 23:18:18」(JST)

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Fluphenazine, sold under the brand names Prolixin among others, is a antipsychotic medication.^[1] It is used in the treatment of chronic psychoses such as schizophrenia.^[1] It is given by mouth, injection into a muscle, or just under the skin.^[1] There is a long acting injectable version that may last for up to four weeks.^[1]

Common side effects include movement problems, sleepiness, and increased weight. Serious side effects may include the potentially permanent movement disorder tardive dyskinesia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and low white blood cell levels. In older people with psychosis as a result of dementia it may increase the risk of dying. It may also increase prolactin levels which may result in milk production. It is unclear if it is safe for use in pregnancy. Fluphenazine is a typical antipsychotic of the phenothiazine class. Its mechanism of action is not entirely clear but believed to be related to its ability as a dopamine antagonist.^[1]

Fluphenazine came into use in 1959.^[2] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, most important medication needed in a basic health system.^[3] It is available as a generic medication.^[1] In the United States the pills costs between 0.22 and 0.42 USD per day for a typical dose.^[1] The wholesale cost of the long acting form is between 0.20 and 6.20 USD per injection as of 2014.^[4]

Medical uses

Its primary uses is in the treatment of schizophrenia.^[5] It appears to be about equal in effectiveness to low-potency antipsychotics.^[6]

Side effects

Information sources:^[5]^[7]^[8]

Common adverse effects (i.e. those that have an incidence ≥1%) include

Hypotension
Orthostatic hypotension
Somnolence/ drowsiness
Weight gain
Erectile dysfunction
Oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea
Anticholinergic effects, such as:

- Dry mouth

- Constipation

- Nasal congestion

- Blurred vision

- Diminished sweating

Extrapyramidal side effects, such as:

- Tremor

- Akathisia

- Muscle rigidity

- Dystonia

- Parkinsonism

Dizziness
Epithelial keratopathy
Eye / vision finding
Retinitis pigmentosa
Photosensitivity

Uncommon side effects (0.1%≤incidence<1%) include

Agitation
Anxiety
Cerebral oedema
Depression
Euphoria
Headache
Ineffective temperature regulation
Restlessness
Weakness
Weight loss
Dyspepsia
Lens opacities (with prolonged use)
Photosensitivity
Pruritus
Diarrhoea
Galactorrhoea
Ejaculatory disorder
QT interval prolongation

Rare (incidence<0.1%) side effects include

Blood dyscrasia (e.g. neutropaenia, agranulocytosis, leukopaenia, etc.)
Seizures
Paralytic ileus
Torsades de Pointes
Heatstroke
Hypothermia
Priapism
Drug-induced Systemic lupus erythematosus
Obstipation
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Tardive dyskinesia
Cholestatic jaundice syndrome

Unknown frequency side effects include

Confusion
Decreased gag reflex
Silent pneumonia (likely rare)

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ "fluphenazine decanoate". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved Dec 1, 2015.
^ McPherson, Edwin M. (2007). Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Encyclopedia. (3rd ed.). Burlington: Elsevier. p. 1680. ISBN 9780815518563.
^ "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines" (PDF). World Health Organization. October 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
^ "Fluphenazine Decanoate". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
^ ^a ^b "PRODUCT INFORMATION MODECATE (Fluphenazine Decanoate Oily Injection)" (PDF). TGA eBusiness Services. Bristol-Myers Squibb Australia Pty Ltd. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 9 December 2013.
^ Tardy, M; Huhn, M; Engel, RR; Leucht, S (Aug 3, 2014). "Fluphenazine versus low-potency first-generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia.". The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 8: CD009230. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009230.pub2. PMID 25087165.
^ "FLUPHENAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE tablet, film coated [Sandoz Inc]". DailyMed. Sandoz Inc. October 2011. Retrieved 9 December 2013.
^ "Modecate Concentrate Injection 100mg/ml - Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC)". electronic Medicines Compendium. Sanofi. 11 January 2013. Retrieved 9 December 2013.

"Fluphenazine". Davis's Drug Guide for Nurses, Eighth Edition. F.A. Davis Company, 2005. ISBN 0-8036-2455-7.
Fluphenazine - http://www.minddisorders.com/Flu-Inv/Fluphenazine.html#b#ixzz28etEdxu8 - dose, children, effects, therapy, adults, withdrawal, drug, person

UpToDate Contents

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1. 統合失調症に対する薬物療法：持効性抗精神病薬注射製剤 pharmacotherapy for schizophrenia long acting injectable antipsychotic drugs
2. 第1世代抗精神病剤：薬理学、投与、および副作用の比較 first generation antipsychotic medications pharmacology administration and comparative side effects
3. 統合失調症に対する薬物療法：副作用マネージメント pharmacotherapy for schizophrenia side effect management
4. 統合失調症に対する薬物療法：急性期および維持期の治療 pharmacotherapy for schizophrenia acute and maintenance phase treatment
5. ハンチントン病：管理 huntington disease management

English Journal

Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics in Children and Adolescents.

Lytle S1, McVoy M1, Sajatovic M1.
Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology.J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol.2017 Feb;27(1):2-9. doi: 10.1089/cap.2016.0055. Epub 2017 Jan 23.
PMID 28112539

The Effect of Fluphenazine and Thioridazine on Toxoplasma gondii In Vivo.

Saraei M1, Ghaderi Y2, Mosavi T2, Shahnazi M1, Nassiri-Asl M3, Jahanihashemi H4.
Iranian journal of parasitology.Iran J Parasitol.2016 Apr-Jun;11(2):226-231.
PMID 28096857

Effect of lysosomotropic molecules on cellular homeostasis.

Kuzu OF1, Toprak M2, Noory MA1, Robertson GP3.
Pharmacological research.Pharmacol Res.2017 Mar;117:177-184. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.12.021. Epub 2016 Dec 23.
PMID 28025106

Japanese Journal

Coloration of Phenothiazines with Metal-containing Drugs

藥學雜誌 124(9), 587-598, 2004-09-01
NAID 110003614990

A Simple Spectrophotometric Determination of Some Phenothiazine Drugs in Pharmaceutical Samples

Analytical sciences : the international journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry 16(11), 1127-1131, 2000-11-10
NAID 10006675852

ATP-Dependent Ca^<2+> Thansport in Tonoplast Vesicles from Apple Fruit

Plant and cell physiology 27(3), 491-497, 1986-04
NAID 110003718975

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「フルフェナジン」
関連記事	「hydrochloride」

「フルフェナジン」

Fluphenazine
Systematic (IUPAC) name
	2-[4-[3-[2-(trifluoromethyl)-10H-phenothiazin-10-yl]propyl]piperazin-1-yl]ethanol
Clinical data
Trade names	Prolixin, Modecate, Moditen others
AHFS/Drugs.com	monograph
MedlinePlus	a682172
Pregnancy; category	AU: C; US: C (Risk not ruled out); ;
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only); CA: ℞-only; UK: POM (Prescription only); US: ℞-only;
Routes of; administration	Oral, IM, depot injection (fluphenazine decanoate)
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	2.7% (Oral)
Metabolism	unclear
Biological half-life	IM 15 hours (HCL), 7-10 days (decanoate)
Excretion	Urine, faeces
Identifiers
CAS Number	69-23-8
ATC code	N05AB02
PubChem	CID: 3372
IUPHAR/BPS	204
DrugBank	DB00623
ChemSpider	3255
UNII	S79426A41Z
KEGG	D07977
ChEBI	CHEBI:5123
ChEMBL	CHEMBL726
Chemical data
Formula	C22H26F3N3OS
Molecular mass	437.523 g/mol
	SMILES FC(F)(F)c2cc1N(c3c(Sc1cc2)cccc3)CCCN4CCN(CCO)CC4 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C22H26F3N3OS/c23-22(24,25)17-6-7-21-19(16-17)28(18-4-1-2-5-20(18)30-21)9-3-8-26-10-12-27(13-11-26)14-15-29/h1-2,4-7,16,29H,3,8-15H2 ; Key:PLDUPXSUYLZYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
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