塩酸塩、ハイドロクロライド
WordNet
- a complex consisting of an organic base in association with hydrogen chloride
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2013/12/13 13:57:57」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
In chemistry, hydrochlorides are salts resulting, or regarded as resulting, from the reaction of hydrochloric acid with an organic base (mostly amines). An archaic alternative name for "hydrochloride" is muriate, derived from hydrochloric acid's ancient name: muriatic acid.
For example, reaction of pyridine (C5H5N) with hydrochloric acid (HCl) yields pyridine hydrochloride (C5H5N·HCl). Even though this style of formula is often used for denoting the hydrochlorides, the dot incorrectly implies that the two molecules are weakly bonded together; rather, what is present is the salt C5H5NH+ Cl- with the correct chemical name pyridinium chloride.
Hydrochloric salts are most often referred to by using the name of the base, then simply tagging on hydrochloride or HCl. For example, while crack cocaine is the freebase of cocaine, the salt form is often referred to as cocaine HCl.
Uses[edit]
Converting insoluble amines into hydrochlorides is a common way to make them water-soluble. This is particularly desirable for substances used in medications.[1] The European Pharmacopoeia lists more than 200 hydrochlorides as active ingredients in drugs.[2] Compared to free bases such hydrochlorides may be quickly released in the gastrointestinal tract; the body usually absorbs a hydrochloride within fifteen or thirty minutes. Very often hydrochlorides of amines have longer shelf-lives than their respective free bases.
See also[edit]
- Free base (chemistry)
- Quaternary ammonium cation
References[edit]
- ^ P. Heinrich Stahl (Editor), Camille G. Wermuth (Editor): Pharmaceutical Salts: Properties, Selection, and Use, 2. Ed., Wiley, 2011, ISBN 978-3-90639-051-2.
- ^ European Pharmacopoeia 7th Edition 2011, EDQM.
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Fluorogenic substrate screening for G-quadruplex DNAzyme-based sensors.
- Cai Y, Li N, Kong DM, Shen HX.SourceState Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
- Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2013 Nov 15;49:312-7. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.05.034. Epub 2013 May 29.
- Due to the inherent higher sensitivity of fluorescence detection than colorimetric detection, it is necessary to screen out a suitable fluorogenic substrate for G-quadruplex DNAzymes to improve the sensitivities of G-quadruplex DNAzyme-based sensors. Herein, seven candidates were tested to determine
- PMID 23792624
- In situ assembly of porous Au-paper electrode and functionalization of magnetic silica nanoparticles with HRP via click chemistry for Microcystin-LR immunoassay.
- Ge S, Liu W, Ge L, Yan M, Yan J, Huang J, Yu J.SourceKey Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong (University of Jinan), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
- Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2013 Nov 15;49:111-7. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.05.010. Epub 2013 May 13.
- A simple, low-cost and sensitive origami electrochemical immunoassay-device was developed based on a novel gold nanoparticle modified porous paper working electrode (Au-PWE) for point-of-care testing. Azide-functionalized Au-PWE was prepared by the functionalization of Au-PWE with 1-azidoundecan-11-
- PMID 23728196
- Host-guest inclusion complex of propafenone hydrochloride with α- and β-cyclodextrins: Spectral and molecular modeling studies.
- Siva S, Thulasidhasan J, Rajendiran N.SourceDepartment of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608 002 Tamil Nadu, India.
- Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc.2013 Nov;115:559-67. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.06.079. Epub 2013 Jun 29.
- Host-guest inclusion complexes of cyclodextrins (CDs) with a potential cardiovascular drug propafenone hydrochloride (PFO), were prepared and characterized using absorption, fluorescence, time-resolved fluorescence, SEM, FT-IR, DSC, (1)H NMR, XRD and PM3 methods. The spectral studies suggested the p
- PMID 23872014
Japanese Journal
- Construction of multilayers of bare and Pd modified gold nanoclusters and their electrocatalytic properties for oxygen reduction
- Harada Motoko,Noguchi Hidenori,Zanetakis Nikolas,Takakusagi Satoru,Song Wenbo,Uosaki Kohei
- Science and Technology of Advanced Materials 12(4), 044606, 2011-08
- … Multilayers of gold nanoclusters (GNCs) coated with a thin Pd layer were constructed using GNCs modified with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of mercaptoundecanoic acid and a polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH) multilayer assembly, which has been reported to act as a three-dimensional electrode. …
- NAID 120003444324
- 原発性肺癌手術患者の術後頻脈性不整脈に対する塩酸ランジオロールの抑制効果の検討
- 根津 賢司,小川 史洋,松井 啓夫,天野 英樹,原 英則,久朗津 尚美,伊豫田 明,佐藤 之俊
- 日本呼吸器外科学会雑誌 = The journal of the Japanese Association for Chest Surgery 25(5), 472-478, 2011-07-15
- 術後頻脈性不整脈発生リスクが高いと予想される条件(70歳以上の高齢者,心疾患合併,2葉以上の肺切除,気管支または血管形成を伴う肺切除,周囲臓器合併切除を伴う肺切除のいずれか)を満たす原発性肺癌手術患者(n=33)に対して本邦で開発されたβ遮断薬である塩酸ランジオロールを肺切除術直後から低用量(0.005mg/kg/min)にて3日間持続静注し,術後頻脈性不整脈発生に対する本剤の抑制効果について非投 …
- NAID 10029125635
- Differential Pulse Anodic Voltammetric Determination of Tiapride Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Preparation and Human Urine Using Carbon Paste Electrodes
- ZAYED S. I. M.
- Analytical sciences : the international journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry 27(5), 535-539, 2011-05-10
- NAID 10028288847
Related Links
- hydrochlorideの意味は?goo辞書は無料で使える日本最大級の辞書サービスです。国語辞典、英和辞典、和英辞典、類語辞典、中国語辞典、百科事典などを提供しています。 ... ガリレオ・ガリレイ 名言一覧 | Wiki 人を教えることは ...
- hydrochloride / ˌhaɪ drəˈklɔr aɪd, -ɪd, -ˈkloʊr-/ Show Spelled [hahy-dr uh-klawr-ahyd, -id, - klohr-] Show IPA noun a salt, especially of an alkaloid, formed by the direct union of hydrochloric acid with an organic base that makes the ...
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