film badge

• フィルムバッジ

WordNet

1. that which is below standard or expectations as of ethics or decency; "take the bad with the good" (同)badness
2. nonstandard; "so-called bad grammar"
3. very intense; "a bad headache"; "in a big rage"; "had a big (or bad) shock"; "a bad earthquake"; "a bad storm" (同)big
4. not working properly; "a bad telephone connection"; "a defective appliance" (同)defective
5. reproduced fraudulently; "like a bad penny..."; "a forged twenty dollar bill" (同)forged
6. not financially safe or secure; "a bad investment"; "high risk investments"; "anything that promises to pay too much cant help being risky"; "speculative business enterprises" (同)risky, high-risk, speculative
7. (of foodstuffs) not in an edible or usable condition; "bad meat"; "a refrigerator full of spoilt food" (同)spoiled, spoilt
8. feeling physical discomfort or pain (`tough is occasionally used colloquially for `bad' (同)tough
9. not capable of being collected; "a bad (or uncollectible) debt" (同)uncollectible
10. physically unsound or diseased; "has a bad back"; "a bad heart"; "bad teeth"; "an unsound limb"; "unsound teeth" (同)unfit, unsound
11. below average in quality or performance; "a bad chess player"; "a bad recital"
12. capable of harming; "bad air"; "smoking is bad for you"
13. characterized by wickedness or immorality; "led a very bad life"
14. having undesirable or negative qualities; "a bad report card"; "his sloppy appearance made a bad impression"; "a bad little boy"; "clothes in bad shape"; "a bad cut"; "bad luck"; "the news was very bad"; "the reviews were bad"; "the pay is bad"; "it was a bad light for reading"; "the movie was a bad choice"
15. record in film; "The coronation was filmed"
16. photographic material consisting of a base of celluloid covered with a photographic emulsion; used to make negatives or transparencies (同)photographic film
17. a thin sheet of (usually plastic and usually transparent) material used to wrap or cover things (同)plastic film
18. a thin coating or layer; "the table was covered with a film of dust"
19. a medium that disseminates moving pictures; "theater pieces transferred to celluloid"; "this story would be good cinema"; "film coverage of sporting events" (同)cinema, celluloid
20. make a film or photograph of something; "take a scene"; "shoot a movie" (同)shoot, take
21. preservation and methodical arrangement as of documents and papers etc.; "I have some filing to do"
22. the act of using a file (as in shaping or smoothing an object)
23. a fragment rubbed off by the use of a file
24. the entering of a legal document into the public record; "he filed a complaint"; "he filed his tax return"
25. put a badge on; "The workers here must be badged"
26. an emblem (a small piece of plastic or cloth or metal) that signifies your status (rank or membership or affiliation etc.); "they checked everyones badge before letting them in"
27. any feature that is regarded as a sign of status (a particular power or quality or rank); "wearing a tie was regarded as a badge of respectability"
28. recorded on film; made into a movie; "a filmed documentary"; "the filmed version of the novel"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 『悪い』,不良の;不正な / 『適当でない』,欠陥のある / 《補語にのみ用いて》(…に)有害な《+『for』+『名』》 / 病気の / ひどい,激しい,重い / 腐敗した,腐った / 不快な,いやな / 『へたな』,まずい / 《補語にのみ用いて》《話》(…を)悪いと(残念に)思っている《+『about』+『名』(『wh-節』)》 / 悪いこと;悪い状態 / 《話》ひどく,大いに(badly)
2. 〈C〉(…の)『薄皮』,薄膜,薄い層《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉〈C〉(写真の)『フイルム』 / 〈C〉《おもに英》『映画』;《the films》《集合的に》映画 / …‘を'薄膜でおおう / …‘を'フイルムに写す,(映画に)撮影する / 〈小説など〉‘を'映画化する / (ほこり・氷などで)うっすらとおおわれる《+『over with』+『名』》 / 映画化される
3. とじ込み,書類整理
4. 〈U〉やすり仕上げ,やすりかけ / 《復数形で》やすりくず
5. 『記章』,バッジ / 印

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/07/03 11:28:20」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

The film badge dosimeter, or film badge, is a personal dosimeter used for monitoring cumulative radiation dose due to ionizing radiation.

The badge consists of two parts: photographic film or dental X-ray film, and a holder. The film is removed and developed to measure exposure. The film badge is used to measure and record radiation exposure due to gamma rays, X-rays and beta particles. It is essentially useless for measuring neutron radiation. The device was developed by Ernest O. Wollan whilst working on the Manhattan Project, though photographic film had been used as a crude measure of exposure prior to this.

It is now being replaced by more modern dosimeters.

Description

The silver film emulsion is sensitive to radiation and once developed, exposed areas increase in optical density (i.e. blacken) in response to incident radiation. One badge may contain several films of different sensitivities or, more usually, a single film with multiple emulsion coatings. The combination of a low-sensitivity and high-sensitivity emulsion extends the dynamic range to several orders of magnitude. Wide dynamic range is highly desirable as it allows measurement of very large accidental exposures without degrading sensitivity to more usual low level exposure.

Film holder

The film holder usually contains a number of filters that attenuate radiation, such that radiation types and energies can be differentiated by their effect when the film is developed.

To monitor gamma rays or x-rays, the filters are metal, usually aluminum or copper. To monitor beta particle emission, the filters use various densities of plastic. It is typical for a single badge to contain a series of filters of different thicknesses and of different materials; the precise choice may be determined by the environment to be monitored. The use of several different thicknesses allows an estimation of the energy/wavelength of the incident radiation.

Filters are usually placed on both the back and front of the holder, to ensure operation regardless of orientation. Additionally, the filters need to be sufficiently large (typically 5 mm or more) to minimize the effect of radiation incident at oblique angles causing exposure of the film under an adjacent filter. This places a minimum useful size on the holder and badge.

Usage

The badge is typically worn on the outside of clothing, around the chest or torso. This location monitors exposure of most vital organs and represents the bulk of body mass.

The dose measurement quantity, personal dose equivalent Hp(d), is defined by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) as the dose equivalent in soft tissue at an appropriate depth, d, below a specified point on the human body. The specified point is usually given by the position where the individual’s dosimeter is worn.

The film badge is now not widely used, being largely replaced by such as the Thermoluminescent Dosimeter (TLD) and the Electronic Personal Dosimeter (EPD).

See also

• Ionization chamber
• Proportional counter
• Geiger counter
• Sievert
• Semiconductor detector
• Thermoluminescent dosimeter

References

Further reading

Film Badge Dosimetry in Atmospheric Nuclear Tests (1989) at the National Academies Press

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 手術時のスポンジおよびその他の異物遺残：予防およびマネージメント retained surgical sponge gossypiboma and other retained surgical foreign bodies prevention and management
• 2. 腎疾患の放射線学的評価 radiologic assessment of renal disease
• 3. 成人における腎結石症が疑われた場合の診断および急性期マネージメント diagnosis and acute management of suspected nephrolithiasis in adults
• 4. 成人における膝関節腫瘍のX線評価 radiologic evaluation of knee tumors in adults
• 5. 成人における股関節痛の放射線評価 radiologic evaluation of the painful hip in adults

English Journal

• A Paired, Double-Blind, Randomized Comparison of a Moisturizing Durable Barrier Cream to 10% Glycerine Cream in the Prophylactic Management of Postmastectomy Irradiation Skin Care: Trans Tasman Radiation Oncology Group (TROG) 04.01.

• Graham PH, Plant N, Graham JL, Browne L, Borg M, Capp A, Delaney GP, Harvey J, Kenny L, Francis M, Zissiadis Y.SourceCancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia. Electronic address: peter.graham@sesiahs.health.nsw.gov.au.
• International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys.2013 May 1;86(1):45-50. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.12.009. Epub 2013 Feb 12.
• PURPOSE: A previous, unblinded study demonstrated that an alcohol-free barrier film containing an acrylate terpolymer (ATP) was effective in reducing skin reactions compared with a 10% glycerine cream (sorbolene). The different appearances of these products precluded a blinded comparison. To test th
• PMID 23414763

• Spencer-Attix water/medium stopping-power ratios for the dosimetry of proton pencil beams.

• Gomà C, Andreo P, Sempau J.SourceCentre for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Switzerland. Department of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
• Physics in medicine and biology.Phys Med Biol.2013 Apr 21;58(8):2509-22. doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/58/8/2509. Epub 2013 Mar 21.
• This paper uses Monte Carlo simulations to calculate the Spencer-Attix water/medium stopping-power ratios (sw, med) for the dosimetry of scanned proton pencil beams. It includes proton energies from 30 to 350 MeV and typical detection materials such as air (ionization chambers), radiochromic film, g
• PMID 23514896

• Dosimetry of biological irradiations using radiochromic films.

• Aldelaijan S, Nobah A, Alsbeih G, Moftah B, Aldahlawi I, Alzahrany A, Tomic N, Devic S.SourceExecutive Administration for Radiation Protection and Safety, Medical Devices Sector, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
• Physics in medicine and biology.Phys Med Biol.2013 Apr 19;58(10):3177-3189. [Epub ahead of print]
• Delivering accurate radiation dose to blood specimens during biological irradiations is essential in quantifying damage of ionizing radiation. To estimate dose to blood samples as accurately as possible, pieces of EBT2 model GAFCHROMIC™ film were placed within an approximately 10 mm finely ground
• PMID 23603810

Japanese Journal

• 缶詰及びレトルト食品中のビスフェノールAジグリシジルエーテル及び関連化合物の調査

• 鈴木 公美,荻本 真美,樺島 順一郎 [他]
• 東京都健康安全研究センター研究年報 -(62) (-), 157-163, 2011
• NAID 40019236132

• レトルト食品用包装材についての溶出モデル実験

• 植松 洋子,荻本 真美,樺島 順一郎 [他],鈴木 公美,金子 令子,船山 惠市,羽石 奈穂子,安野 哲子,荻野 周三
• 食品衛生学雑誌 = Journal of the Food Hygienics Society of Japan 46(4), 133-138, 2005-08-25
• … 定を行い，食品衛生法に規定された条件およびその他の食品疑似溶媒による溶出と比較した．モデル食品および溶出試験において，フィルムの接着剤成分と考えられるビスフェノールAジグリシジルエーテル(BADGE)および関連化合物が検出され，レトルト食用油中へのこれらの成分の溶出は食品衛生法規定の溶出条件(n-ヘプタン，25℃，60分間)よりかなり多かった．またレトルト水中への溶出物も食品疑似溶媒として水を …
• NAID 10016954034

• 温度による個人被曝線量計の測定値への影響 (I) : フィルムバッジ

• 田原 義弘,川井 恵一,西井 龍一 [他],後藤 稔男,田村 正三
• Radioisotopes 52(4), 180-185, 2003-04-15
• NAID 80015834501

Related Links

• Film Badges

Personnel dosimetry film badges are commonly used to measure and record radiation exposure due to gamma rays, X-rays and beta particles. The detector is, as the name implies, a piece of radiation sensitive film. The film is ...

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Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「フィルムバッジ」
関連記事	「film」「bad」

「フィルムバッジ」

　　[★]

英

film badge

同

フィルム線量計 film dosimeter

関

ポケットチェンバ

[show details]

どうして勝手に用語を作るのかね

フイルムバッチ : 約 198 件
フイルムバッジ : 約 287 件
フィルムバッチ : 約 1,600 件
フィルムバッジ : 約 4,810 件

• 個人の放射線被曝量を測定し記録するために身につけるフィルム線量計。
• 防護衣の下に男子は胸部、女子は腹部につける。
• X線、γ線、β線を測定可能
• 放射線作業従事者はフィルムバッジを常時着用する必要がある(医療法に規定があるらしいが？)

医療法施行規則の第四章　診療用放射線の防護

「film」

　　[★]

• n.

• フィルム、薄膜、映画

関

lamina、laminae、motion picture、movie、pellicle、picture、thin film

　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「bad」

　　[★]