WordNet

purely outward or superficial; "external composure"; "an external concern for reputation"- A.R.Gurney,Jr.
outward features; "he enjoyed the solemn externals of religion"
coming from the outside; "extraneous light in the camera spoiled the photograph"; "relying upon an extraneous income"; "disdaining outside pressure groups" (同)extraneous, outside
from or between other countries; "external commerce"; "international trade"; "developing nations need outside help" (同)international, outside
happening or arising or located outside or beyond some limits or especially surface; "the external auditory canal"; "external pressures"
an aperture or hole that opens into a bodily cavity; "the orifice into the aorta from the lower left chamber of the heart" (同)opening, porta
duct through which urine is discharged in most mammals and which serves as the male genital duct
a nonresident doctor or medical student; connected with a hospital but not living there (同)medical extern
of or relating to the urethra

PrepTutorEJDIC

『外側の』,外部の / (作用・動作などが)『外側からの』,外部からの / 表面上の,見せかけの / 体外の;体外用の / 外国の(foreign) / (…の)外観,外形《+『of』+『名』》
(管・耳・鼻などの)開口部,口・出口
尿道

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/08/05 09:04:17」(JST)

wiki en

The urinary meatus, also known as the external urethral orifice, is the opening or meatus of the urethra. It is the point where urine exits the urethra in males and in females, and also where semen exits the urethra in males. The meatus has varying degrees of sensitivity to touch. The meatus is located on the glans penis in males and in the vulval vestibule in females.

In males

Drawing of the Male Internal Sexual Anatomy

Meatus of a penis

The male external urethral orifice is the external opening or urinary meatus, normally located at the tip of the glans penis, at its junction with the frenular delta. It presents as a vertical slit, possibly bounded on either side by two small labia-like projections and continues longitudinally along the front aspect of the glans, which facilitates the flow of urine micturition. In some cases the opening may be more rounded and this can occur naturally or may also occur as a side effect of excessive skin removal during circumcision. The meatus is a sensitive part of the male reproductive system.

Due to the flexibility of the penis and meatus, the stream of urine in the male can be manipulated and targeted. In different cultures different positions of urination are employed. Sitting and squatting are also options to standing to urinate. Also in the elderly male with prostate problems sitting down is preferable.^[1]^[2] For practising Muslim men, the genital modesty of squatting is also associated with proper cleanliness requirements or awra.^[3]

In females

Lateral anatomy view of the female reproductive system

The external urethral orifice (urinary meatus) is the external opening of the urethra, from which urine is ejected during urination. It is located about 2.5 cm behind the glans clitoridis and immediately in front of the vagina in the vulval vestibule of the female genitalia. It usually assumes the form of a short, sagittal cleft with slightly raised margins.

To its left and right are the openings of the Skene's ducts.

Clinical significance

Congenital disorders of the meatus include epispadias – the misplacement to the upper aspect and hypospadias – the misplacement to the underside of the penis. A congenital mis-shaping can result in its narrowing (meatal stenosis) causing a partial or total urinary blockage, or the bifurcation of the urinary stream. A urethral blockage can also be caused by foreign material, kidney or bladder stones (lithiasis).

References

^ de Jong, Y; Pinckaers, JH; Ten Brinck, RM; Lycklama À Nijeholt, AA; Dekkers, OM (2014). "Urinating Standing versus Sitting: Position Is of Influence in Men with Prostate Enlargement. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.". PLOS ONE 9 (7): e101320. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0101320. PMC 4106761. PMID 25051345.
^ Y. de Jong. "Influence of voiding posture on urodynamic parameters in men: a literature review" (PDF). Nederlands Tijdschrift voor urologie). Retrieved 2014-07-02.
^ Mustafa Umar. "Standing up and urinating in Islam". Iman Suhaib Webb (USA). Retrieved 2013-06-11.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 女性における尿道憩室 urethral diverticulum in women
2. 経管腔的内視鏡手術（NOTES） natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery notes
3. 女性における尿道癌 urethral cancer in women
4. 男性における尿道癌 urethral cancer in men
5. 女性における尿生殖路瘻 urogenital tract fistulas in women

English Journal

Effects of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, tadalafil, on continence reflex in rats.

Izumi H1, Kaiho Y, Miyazato M, Kawamorita N, Nakagawa H, Arai Y.
International urogynecology journal.Int Urogynecol J.2014 Dec;25(12):1721-7. doi: 10.1007/s00192-014-2453-3. Epub 2014 Jul 3.
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Effects of tadalafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, on the urethral continence reflex induced by sneezing were investigated.METHODS: The amplitude of urethral pressure responses during sneezing (A-URS) and urethral baseline pressure (UBP) were measured in female
PMID 24988889

Measurements of female genital appearance in Chinese adults seeking genital cosmetic surgery: a preliminary report from a gynecological center.

Cao Y1, Li Q, Zhou C, Li F, Li S, Zhou Y.
International urogynecology journal.Int Urogynecol J.2014 Nov 25. [Epub ahead of print]
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Accurate and comprehensive measurements of the external genitalia in female adults are of great significance in surgery designs and for aesthetic evaluation in genital plastic surgeries. The authors carried out a 319-case study and provided baseline data and morphometric
PMID 25421936

Type I female genital mutilation: a cause of completely closed vagina.

Rouzi AA1, Sahly N, Alhachim E, Abduljabbar H.
The journal of sexual medicine.J Sex Med.2014 Sep;11(9):2351-3. doi: 10.1111/jsm.12605. Epub 2014 May 30.
INTRODUCTION: Female genital mutilation (FGM) ranges in severity from a nick of the clitoris to partial or total removal of the external genitalia. Sexual complications after FGM include sexual dysfunction, difficult intercourse, and dyspareunia.AIM: We report a case of Type I FGM presenting as comp
PMID 24889198

Japanese Journal

Bladder Metastasis of Extramammary Paget's Disease:A Case Report

順天堂醫事雑誌 60(5), 449-453, 2014
NAID 130005064588

Candida glabrataが検出されたフルニエ壊疽の1例

日本救急医学会雑誌 25(2), 43-49, 2014
NAID 130004841002

経尿道的開窓術を施行した成人Cowper's syringoceleの1例

泌尿器科紀要 58(7), 355-359, 2012-07
NAID 40019362573

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「外尿道口」
関連記事	「external」「urethral」「orifice」

「外尿道口」

External urethral orifice (male)
	Structure of the penis
Details
Latin	Orificium urethrae externum
Dorlands; /Elsevier	o_06/12596415
	Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata]