WordNet

hand over one and receive another, approximately equivalent; "exchange prisoners"; "exchange employees between branches of the company"
chemical process in which one atom or ion or group changes places with another
reciprocal transfer of equivalent sums of money (especially the currencies of different countries); "he earns his living from the interchange of currency" (同)interchange
the act of changing one thing for another thing; "Adam was promised immortality in exchange for his disobedience"; "there was an interchange of prisoners" (同)interchange
(chess) gaining (or losing) a rook in return for a knight or bishop; "black lost the exchange"
(chess) the capture by both players (usually on consecutive moves) of pieces of equal value; "the endgame began after the exchange of queens"
a workplace for buying and selling; open only to members
the act of giving something in return for something received; "deductible losses on sales or exchanges of property are allowable"
a mutual expression of views (especially an unpleasant one); "they had a bitter exchange"
give to, and receive from, one another; "Would you change places with me?"; "We have been exchanging letters for a year" (同)change, interchange
the introduction of blood or blood plasma into a vein or artery (同)blood_transfusion
the action of pouring a liquid from one vessel to another
changed for (replaced by) something different

PrepTutorEJDIC

…‘を'『取り替える』;(…と)…‘を'取り替える《+『名』+『for』+『名』》 / …‘を'『取り交わす』;(人と)…‘を'取り交わす《+『名』+『with』+『名』〈人〉》 / (化幣が)両替される / 〈U〉〈C〉(物の物との)『取り替え』《+『of』+『名』+『for』+『名』》;(相手と物を)『交換すること』《+『of』+『名』(複数)+『with』+『名』〈人〉》 / 〈C〉交換物,取り替え品 / 〈C〉取引所;(電話の)交換局 / 〈U〉両替;為替(かわせ),為替相場 / 〈C〉=employment exchange
輸血

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/18 20:19:14」(JST)

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An exchange transfusion is a medical treatment in which apheresis is used to remove one person's red blood cells or platelets and replace them with blood products. Exchange transfusion is used in the treatment of a number of diseases, including:

Sickle cell disease
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
Hemolytic disease of the newborn

Partial exchange might be required for polycythemia. The technique was originally developed by Alexander Wiener, soon after he co-discovered the Rh Factor.^[1]

Description

An exchange transfusion requires that the patient's blood can be removed and replaced. In most cases, this involves placing one or more thin tubes, called catheters, into a blood vessel. The exchange transfusion is done in cycles: each one usually lasts a few minutes.

The patient’s blood is slowly withdrawn (usually about 5 to 20 mL at a time, depending on the patient’s size and the severity of illness) and a slightly larger amount of fresh, prewarmed blood or plasma flows into the patient's body. This cycle is repeated until the correct volume of blood has been replaced.

After the exchange transfusion, catheters may be left in place in case the procedure needs to be repeated.

In diseases such as sickle cell anemia, blood is removed and replaced with donor blood.

In conditions such as neonatal polycythemia, a specific amount of the child’s blood is removed and replaced with a normal saline solution, plasma (the clear liquid portion of blood), or albumin. This decreases the total number of red blood cells in the body and makes it easier for blood to flow through the body.

Risks

General risks are the same as with any transfusion. Other possible complications include:

Blood clots
Changes in blood chemistry (high or low potassium, low calcium, low glucose, change in acid-base balance in the blood )
Heart and lung problems
Infection (greatly decreased risk due to careful screening of blood)
Shock due to inadequate replacement of blood

Recovery

The patient may need to be monitored for several days in the hospital after the transfusion, but the length of stay generally depends on the condition for which the exchange transfusion was performed.

References

^ [1] Alexander Wiener biography

Exchange transfusion on MedlinePlus

External links

Neonatal Partial Exchange Transfusion Calculator

UpToDate Contents

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1. 鎌状赤血球症における赤血球輸血 red blood cell transfusion in sickle cell disease
2. 正期産児および後期早産児における非抱合型高ビリルビン血症の治療 treatment of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in term and late preterm infants
3. 新生児多血症 neonatal polycythemia
4. 早産児（妊娠35週未満）における高ビリルビン血症 hyperbilirubinemia in the premature infant less than 35 weeks gestation
5. Transient myeloproliferative disorder of Down syndrome

English Journal

Pharmacodynamic Study of Polymerized Porcine Hemoglobin (pPolyHb) in a Rat Model of Exchange Transfusion.

Zhu H, Dang X, Yan K, Dai P, Luo C, Ma J, Li Y, Chang TM, Chen C.SourceCollege of Life Science and National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, Northwest University, Xi'an, P. R. China.
Artificial cells, blood substitutes, and immobilization biotechnology.2011 Jun;39(3):119-26. Epub 2011 Mar 7.
Abstract: The objective of the present study is to evaluate the pharmacodynamic properties of polymerized porcine hemoglobin (pPolyHb) in an exchange transfusion model. Each of two groups of rats received a volume of pPolyHb or hetastarch that equalled 120-140% of estimated total blood volume (70 ml
PMID 21381891

Japanese Journal

(1)胎児脳障害に関与するTwo Step Theoryの検証と予防への治療戦略(シンポジウム3「新生児脳障害の減少に向けて」,<特集>第62回日本産科婦人科学会・学術講演会)

千坂泰
日本産科婦人科學會雜誌 62(12), 2437-2448, 2010-12-01
… the fetuses were then assigned randomly to an acute hemorrhage group induced by approximately 35% of the fetoplacental blood volume withdrawal from a inferior vena cava catheter for 20 minutes (hypoxemia and systemic hypotension), an exchange transfusion group induced by an exchange transfusion of approximately 35% of the fetoplacental blood volume withdrawal and replacement with the same volume of fresh plasma (hypoxemia), or a control (no hemodynamic insult). …
NAID 110007989279

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