erythrocyte aggregation

赤血球連銭形成

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1. 〈U〉集合 / 〈C〉集合体,集団
2. 赤血球

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/03/25 15:59:43」(JST)

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Erythrocyte aggregation is the reversible clumping of these cells under low shear forces or at stasis. Erythrocytes aggregate in a special way, forming rouleaux. Rouleaux are stacks of erythrocytes which form because of the unique discoid shape of the cells in vertebrate body. The flat surface of the discoid RBCs give them a large surface area to make contact and stick to each other; thus, forming a rouleaux. Rouleaux formation takes place only in suspensions of RBC containing high-molecular, fibrilar proteins or polymers in the suspending medium. The most important protein causing rouleaux formation in plasma is fibrinogen. RBC suspended in simple salt solutions do not form rouleaux.

Mechanism

Erythrocyte aggregation is a physiological phenomenon that takes places in normal blood under low-flow conditions or at stasis. The presence or increased concentrations of acute phase proteins, particularly fibrinogen, results in enhanced erythrocyte aggregation.

Current experimental and theoretical evidence supports the mechanism related to the depletion of high-molecular weight molecules (e.g., fibrinogen) for rouleau formation. This mechanism is also known as “chemiosmotic hypothesis” for aggregation. Erythrocyte aggregation is determined by both suspending phase (blood plasma) and cellular properties. Surface properties of erythrocytes, such as surface charge density strongly influence the extent and time course of aggregation.

Effects

Erythrocyte aggregation is the main determinant of blood viscosity at low shear rate. Rouleau formation also determines Erythrocyte sedimentation rate which is a non-specific indicator of the presence of disease.

Influence of erythrocyte aggregation on in vivo blood flow is still a controversial issue. Enhanced aggregation affects venous hemodynamics. Erythrocyte aggregation also affects hemodynamic mechanisms in microcirculation and vascular control mechanisms.

Causes

Conditions which cause increased rouleaux formation include infections, inflammatory and connective tissue disorders, and cancers. It also occurs in diabetes mellitus and is one of the causative factors for microvascular occlusion in diabetic retinopathy.

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate closely reflects the extent of aggregation, therefore can be used as a measure of aggregation. Erythroyte aggregation can also be quantitated by monitoring optical properties of blood during the time course of aggregation process.

Measurement

blood film

syllectometry

intravital microscopy

high-frequency ultrasound

Optical coherence tomography

References

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 赤血球の子宮内胎児輸血 intrauterine fetal transfusion of red blood cells
• 2. 貧血を有する成人患者に対するアプローチ approach to the adult patient with anemia
• 3. 赤血球細胞の力学 red blood cell mechanics
• 4. 赤血球水分量の制御 control of red blood cell hydration
• 5. 赤血球細胞膜の動態および機構 red blood cell membrane dynamics and organization

English Journal

• The buckling instability of aggregating red blood cells.

• Flormann D1,2, Aouane O1,2, Kaestner L1,3, Ruloff C1, Misbah C2, Podgorski T4, Wagner C1,5.
• Scientific reports.Sci Rep.2017 Aug 11;7(1):7928. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-07634-6.
• PMID 28801570

• Influence of autologous blood transfusion in liver transplantation in patients with hepatitis B on the function and hemorheology of red blood cells.

• Liu X1, Fan R2, Lu Y1, Kuang L1, Yuan Q1, Chen Y1, Lin Z1, Lin D2.
• Experimental and therapeutic medicine.Exp Ther Med.2017 Aug;14(2):1205-1211. doi: 10.3892/etm.2017.4587. Epub 2017 Jun 13.
• PMID 28781620

• Effects of pentoxifylline on hemodynamic, hemorheological, and microcirculatory parameters in young SHRs during arterial hypertension development.

• Plotnikov MB1, Aliev OI1, Shamanaev AY1, Sidekhmenova AV1, Anfinogenova Y2,3, Anishchenko AM1, Fomina TI1, Arkhipov AM1.
• Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, N.Y. : 1993).Clin Exp Hypertens.2017 Jul 19:1-9. doi: 10.1080/10641963.2017.1291662. [Epub ahead of print]
• PMID 28722518

Japanese Journal

• Effect of Morinda citrifolia fruit extract and its iridoid glycosides on blood fluidity

• Murata Kazuya,Abe Yumi,Futamura-Masuda Megumi [他]
• Journal of natural medicines 68(3), 498-504, 2014
• NAID 40020091160

• Modelling of blood component flexibility using quartz crystal microbalance

• Efremov Vitaly,Lakshmanan Ramji S.,Byrne Barry,Cullen Sinead M.,Killard Anthony J.
• Journal of Biorheology 28(1), 45-54, 2014
• … Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is widely used for the investigation of human blood mechanical properties, and shows high sensitivity for monitoring select dynamic processes, including red blood cell sedimentation and aggregation, coagulation, plasma protein absorption, as well as evaluating the bio-compatibility/affinity of different materials, etc. …
• NAID 130004709216

• 体外循環時のアルカレミア環境下での血液凝集塊形成に血小板凝集、血栓形成が関与するのか?

• 曽山 奉教,吉田 秀人,下村 大樹,高橋 幸博
• 体外循環技術 = The journal of extra-corporeal technology 40(1), 1-6, 2013-03-01
• 体外循環時のヘパリン化血における血液凝集塊の原因としては、主に血小板凝集・血栓形成説と「いが状赤血球」凝集塊説の2説があるが、機序解明には至っていない。今回、体外循環で生じるアルカレミア環境下で出現する血液凝集塊が「いが状赤血球」に起因することを裏付けるため、体外循環でのヘパリン化血が、アルカレミア環境において血小板凝集能および血液凝固時間に与える影響を検討した。結果、ヘパリンナトリウム血で作製し …
• NAID 10031164316

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「赤血球連銭形成」
関連記事	「aggregation」「erythrocyte」

「赤血球連銭形成」

　　[★]

英

rouleau formation

関

赤血球集合体形成 erythrocyte aggregation

原因

• フィブリノゲン、免疫グロブリンを始めとする高分子血漿蛋白質、病的高分子、人工高分子の過多

臨床関連

• 多発性骨髄腫
• 原発性マクログロブリン血症

「aggregation」

　　[★]

• n.

• 凝集、(細胞や受容体の)集合

関

agglutinate、agglutination、aggregate、assemblage、assemble、assembly、clump、come together、convergence、populate、population

　

「erythrocyte」

　　[★] 赤血球 red blood cells