関: environment

WordNet

press or wedge together; pack together
a forceful consequence; a strong effect; "the book had an important impact on my thinking"; "the book packs a wallop" (同)wallop
the striking of one body against another
the totality of surrounding conditions; "he longed for the comfortable environment of his living room"
the area in which something exists or lives; "the country--the flat agricultural surround" (同)environs, surroundings, surround
of or relating to the external conditions or surroundings; "environmental factors"
concerned with the ecological effects of altering the environment; "environmental pollution"
wedged or packed in together; "an impacted tooth" (同)wedged

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉〈C〉(…の…に対する)衝突,衝撃《+『of』+『名』+『against』(『on』,『upon』,『with』)+『名』》 / 〈C〉(…の…に対する)影響(influence)影響力《+『of』+『名』+『on』(『upon, against』)+『名』》
『環境』,周囲の状況;《the~》自然環境
環境の;自然環境の
(親知らずが)他の歯の下に生えている

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/12/27 16:29:08」(JST)

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Water pollution is an environmental issue that affects many water bodies. This photograph shows foam on the New River as it enters the United States from Mexico.

Environmental issues are harmful aspects of human activity on the biophysical environment. Environmentalism, a social and environmental movement that started in the 1960s, addresses environmental issues through advocacy, education and activism. current problems faced by the environment-

The carbon dioxide equivalent of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere has already exceeded 390 parts per million (NOAA) (with total "long-term" GHG exceeding 455 parts per million). (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Report) This level is considered a tipping point. "The amount of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere is already above the threshold that can potentially cause dangerous climate change. We are already at risk...It's not next year or next decade, it's now."

Report from the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA):

"Climate disasters are on the rise. Around 70 percent of disasters are now climate related – up from around 50 percent from two decades ago. These disasters take a heavier human toll and come with a higher price tag. In the last decade, 2.4 billion people were affected by climate related disasters, compared to1.7 billion in the previous decade. The cost of responding to disasters has risen tenfold between 1992 and 2008. Destructive sudden heavy rains, intense tropical storms, repeated flooding and droughts are likely to increase, as will the vulnerability of local communities in the absence of strong concerted action." (OCHA) "Climate change is not just a distant future threat. It is the main driver behind rising humanitarian needs and we are seeing its impact. The number of people affected and the damages inflicted by extreme weather has been unprecedented."

Types

Main articles: List of environmental issues and List of environmental disasters

Major current environmental issues may include climate change, pollution, environmental degradation, and resource depletion etc. The conservation movement lobbies for protection of endangered species and protection of any ecologically valuable natural areas.

Scientific grounding

The level of understanding of Earth has inbvased markedly in recent times through science especially with the application of the scientific method. Environmental science is now a multi-disciplinary academic study taught and researched at many universities. This is used as a basis for addressing environmental issues.

Large amounts of data has been gathered and these are collated into reports, of which a common type is the State of the Environment publications. A recent major report was the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, with input from 1200 scientists and released in 2005, which showed the high level of impact that humans are having on ecosystem services.

Organizations

Main article: Environmental organization

Environmental issues are addressed at a regional, nation or international level by government organisations.

The largest international agency, set up in 1972, is the United Nations Environment Programme. The International Union for Conservation of Nature brings together 83 states, 108 government agencies, 766 Non-governmental organizations and 81 international organizations and about 10,000 experts and scientists from countries around the world.^[1] International non-governmental organizations include Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth and World Wide Fund for Nature. Governments enact environmental policy and enforce environmental law and this is done to differing degrees around the world.

Solutions

Sustainability is the key to preventing or reducing the effect of environmental issues. There is now clear scientific evidence that humanity is living unsustainably, and that an unprecedented collective effort is needed to return human use of natural resources to within sustainable limits.^[2]^[3] For humans to live sustainably, the Earth's resources must be used at a rate at which they can be replenished.

Concerns for the environment has prompted the formation of Green parties, political parties that seek to address environmental issues. Initially these formed in Australia, New Zealand and Germany but are now present in many other countries.

Film and television

Main article: Environmental issues in film and television

There are an increasing number of films being produced on environmental issues, especially on climate change and global warming. Al Gore's 2006 film An Inconvenient Truth gained commercial success and a high media profile. FernGully: The Last Rainforest (1992) is an animated film about rainforest destruction.

References

^ IUCN website Accessed 1 May 2008^{[not in citation given]}
^ Gismondi, M. (2000). Interview of Dr. William Rees. Aurora Online. Retrieved on 2009-03-10
^ Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005). Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Biodiversity Synthesis. Summary for Decision-makers. pp.1-16. Washington, DC.: World Resources Institute. The full range of reports is available on the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment web site. Retrieved on: 2009-03-10

External links

Global Issues - Environmental issues
Environmental Issues and Sustainable Development[[uk:Екологічна проблема]pmd file x

UpToDate Contents

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1. ビル関連病およびビル関連症状 building related illness and building related symptoms
2. 米国における労働衛生および環境衛生に関する問題についての情報および教材 information and educational resources for occupational and environmental health issues in the united states
3. 女性の生殖に対する職業および環境リスク occupational and environmental risks to reproduction in females
4. ヒアリの昆虫学および管理 entomology and control of imported fire ants
5. 労働衛生および環境衛生の概要 overview of occupational and environmental health

English Journal

Assessment of psychosocial risks faced by workers in Almería-type greenhouses, using the Mini Psychosocial Factor method.

Montoya-García ME, Callejón-Ferre AJ, Pérez-Alonso J, Sánchez-Hermosilla J.SourceDepartamento de Ingeniería Rural, Universidad de Almería, Edificio CITE II-A, C/La Cañada de San Urbano s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain.
Applied ergonomics.Appl Ergon.2013 Mar;44(2):303-11. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2012.08.005. Epub 2012 Sep 12.
This work reports the use of the Mini Psychosocial Factor (MPF) method for assessing the psychosocial risks faced by agricultural workers in the greenhouses of Almería (Spain) with the aim of improving their health. The variables Rhythm, Mobbing, Relationships, Health, Recognition, Autonomy, Emotio
PMID 22981469

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes-ceramic electrode modified with substrate-selective imprinted polymer for ultra-trace detection of bovine serum albumin.

Prasad BB, Prasad A, Tiwari MP.SourceAnalytical division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2013 Jan 15;39(1):236-43. Epub 2012 Aug 17.
This study describes the synthesis of a new class of substrate-selective molecularly imprinted polymer. This involved tetraethylene glycol 3-morpholin propionate acrylate (functional monomer) and bovine serum albumin (template) for polymerization in aqueous condition, using "surface grafting-from" a
PMID 22938840