WordNet

protect from impact; "cushion the blow" (同)buffer, soften
a soft bag filled with air or a mass of padding such as feathers or foam rubber etc.
the layer of air that supports a hovercraft or similar vehicle
softened by the addition of cushions or padding (同)cushiony, padded

PrepTutorEJDIC

『クッション』,座ぶとん / クッション状の物;(衝撃などを和らげるための)詰め物,まくら / 玉突台のクッション / …‘に'クッションを当てる;〈衝撃など〉'を'クッションを当てて和らげる

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/14 04:08:53」(JST)

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Atrioventricular cushions or endocardial cushions refers to a subset of cells in the primordial heart that play a vital role in proper heart septation.

They develop on the atrioventricular canal^[2] and conotruncal region.^[3]

During heart development, the heart starts out as a tube. As heart development continues this tube undergoes conformational changes and remodeling to eventually form the four-chambered heart. The endocardial cushions are a subset of cells found in the developing heart tube that will give rise to the heart's valves and septa critical to the proper formation of a four-chambered heart.

Clinical significance

A problem in endocardial cushion development or remodeling is thought to be associated with atrioventricular septal defect.

Development

The endocardial cushions are thought to arise from a subset of endothelial cells that undergo endothelial to mesenchymal transition, a process whereby these cells break cell-to-cell contacts and migrate into the cardiac jelly (towards to interior of the heart tube). These migrated cells form the "swelling" seen in the heart tube that is termed endocardial cushions.

Upon sectioning of the heart the atrioventricular cushions can be observed in the lumen of the atrial canal as two thickenings, one on its dorsal and another on its ventral wall. These thickenings or endocardial cushions will go on to fuse and remodel to eventually form the valves and septa of the mature adult heart.

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

^ Maschhoff KL, Baldwin HS (2000). "Molecular determinants of neural crest migration". Am. J. Med. Genet. 97 (4): 280–8. doi:10.1002/1096-8628(200024)97:4<280::AID-AJMG1278>3.0.CO;2-N. PMID 11376439.
^ "endocardial cushions" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^ Langman's Medical Embryology

External links

Embryology at Temple Heart98/heart97a/sld033
med/670 at eMedicine
Overview at mcgill.ca
3d animation of heart development from the University of Toronto

This developmental biology article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 房室（AV）管欠損の臨床症状、病態生理、および診断 clinical manifestations pathophysiology and diagnosis of atrioventricular av canal defects
2. 房室（AV）管欠損のマネージメントおよび転帰 management and outcome of atrioventricular av canal defects
3. 成人における心房中隔欠損症の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of atrial septal defects in adults
4. 小児における、心房中隔欠損（ASD）の分類および孤立性ASDの臨床的特徴および診断 classification of atrial septal defects asds and clinical features and diagnosis of isolated asds in children
5. 先天性心疾患女性における妊娠：特定病変 pregnancy in women with congenital heart disease specific lesions

English Journal

Clarifying the morphology of the ostium primum defect.

Anderson RH1, Mohun TJ, Brown NA.
Journal of anatomy.J Anat.2015 Mar;226(3):244-57. doi: 10.1111/joa.12272. Epub 2015 Feb 9.
The 'ostium primum' defect is still frequently considered to be the consequence of deficient atrial septation, although the key feature is a common atrioventricular junction. The bridging leaflets of the common atrioventricular valve, which are joined to each other, are depressed distal to the atrio
PMID 25676858

Critical role of YY1 in cardiac morphogenesis.

Beketaev I1, Zhang Y, Kim EY, Yu W, Qian L, Wang J.
Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists.Dev Dyn.2015 Feb 19. doi: 10.1002/dvdy.24263. [Epub ahead of print]
Background: Yin Yang 1 (YY1), the only DNA binding polycomb group protein, was reported to regulate cardiomyocyte differentiation during early cardiac mesoderm development. However, whether it contributes to cardiac morphogenesis at later developmental stage(s) during embryogenesis is unknown. Resul
PMID 25703143

Vasculogenic and hematopoietic cellular progenitors are scattered within the prenatal mouse heart.

Jankowska-Steifer E1, Madej M, Niderla-Bielińska J, Ruminski S, Flaht-Zabost A, Czarnowska E, Gula G, Radomska-Leśniewska DM, Ratajska A.
Histochemistry and cell biology.Histochem Cell Biol.2015 Feb;143(2):153-69. doi: 10.1007/s00418-014-1269-z. Epub 2014 Sep 9.
Vasculogenesis and hematopoiesis are co-localized in the embryonic body, but precise phenotypes of the cells contributing to these processes are not defined. The aim of this study was to characterize phenotypic profiles and location of putative vasculogenic and hematopoietic cellular progenitors in
PMID 25201347

Japanese Journal

基礎心臓の発生「房室中隔の発生」

山岸敬幸
日本小児循環器学会雑誌 = Acta cardiologica paediatrica Japonica 29(2), 68-74, 2013-03-01
房室中隔は右心房と左心室を隔て, 心房中隔と心室中隔に連なる組織である. 房室中隔は房室管の心内膜床から発生する. 原始心筒がloopingし, 心房・心室が形態的に明らかになる頃, 房室管部では心ゼリーが残存・増生する. 心内膜から上皮間葉転換により遊離して形質転換した間葉系細胞が, その心ゼリーの中に侵入し, 心内膜床が形成される. 心内膜床は, 主に上方(背側)および下方(腹側)から隆起して …
NAID 10031176963

64-Slice MDCT imaging of endocardial cushion defect associated with other cardiac and extracardiac abnormalities

Oyama Noriko,Goto Daisuke,Sasaki Tsukasa,Tsutsui Hiroyuki,Tamaki Nagara,Terae Satoshi,Shirato Hiroki
Journal of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography 4(3), 218-220, 2010-05
NAID 120003169054

Roles of TGFβ and BMP during valvulo-septal endocardial cushion formation

YAMAGISHI Toshiyuki,ANDO Katsumi,NAKAMURA Hiroaki
Anatomical science international 84(3), 77-87, 2009-09-01
NAID 10025550251

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「心内膜隆起」「心内膜床」
拡張検索	「complete endocardial cushion defect」「endocardial cushion defect」
関連記事	「endocardial」「cushion」

「心内膜隆起」

Atrioventricular cushions
	Interior of dorsal half of heart from a human embryo of about thirty days.
Details
Latin	Tubera endocardiaca atrioventricularia
Carnegie stage	14
Days	27
Precursor	Lateral plate mesoderm
Gives rise to	Septum intermedium
Identifiers
Gray's	p.512
Code	TE E5.11.1.6.0.0.4
	Anatomical terminology