WordNet

the membrane that lines the cavities of the heart and forms part of the heart valves

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/07/02 23:08:46」(JST)

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The endocardium is the innermost layer of tissue that lines the chambers of the heart. Its cells are embryologically and biologically similar to the endothelial cells that line blood vessels.

The endocardium underlies the much more voluminous myocardium, the muscular tissue responsible for the contraction of the heart. The outer layer of the heart is termed epicardium and the heart is surrounded by a small amount of fluid enclosed by a fibrous sac called the pericardium.

Function[edit]

Recently, it has become evident that the endocardium, which is primarily made up of endothelial cells, controls myocardial function. This modulating role is separate from the homeometric and heterometric regulatory mechanisms that control myocardial contractility. Moreover, the endothelium of the myocardial (heart muscle) capillaries, which is also closely appositioned to the cardiomyocytes (heart muscle cells) is involved in this modulatory role. Thus, the cardiac endothelium (both the endocardial endothelium and the endothelium of the myocardial capillaries) controls the development of the heart in the embryo as well as in the adult, for example during hypertrophy. Additionally, the contractility and electrophysiological environment of the cardiomyocyte are regulated by the cardiac endothelium.

The endocardial endothelium may also act as a kind of blood-heart barrier (analogous to the blood–brain barrier), thus controlling the ionic composition of the extracellular fluid in which the cardiomyocytes bathe.

Role in disease[edit]

In myocardial infarction, ischemia of the myocardium can extend to the endocardium, disrupting the inner lining of the heart ("transmural" infarction). Less extensive infarctions are often "subendocardial" and do not affect the epicardium. Subendocardial infarctions are much more dangerous than transmural infarctions because they create an area of dead tissue surrounded by a boundary region of damaged myocytes. This damaged region will conduct impulses more slowly, resulting in irregular rhythms. The damaged region may enlarge or extend and become more life-threatening.

During depolarization the impulse is carried from endocardium to epicardium, and during repolarization the impulse moves from epicardium to endocardium. In infective endocarditis, the endocardium (especially the endocardium lining the heart valves) is affected by bacteria.

External links[edit]

Histology at OU 64_06 - "Heart and AV valve" (atrial endocardium)
Histology at OU 64_07 - "Heart and AV valve" (ventricular endocardium)

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

No benefit of additional treatment with exenatide in patients with an acute myocardial infarction.

Roos ST1, Timmers L2, Biesbroek PS1, Nijveldt R3, Kamp O1, van Rossum AC1, van Hout GP2, Stella PR2, Doevendans PA2, Knaapen P3, Velthuis BK4, van Royen N3, Voskuil M2, Nap A3, Appelman Y5.
International journal of cardiology.Int J Cardiol.2016 Oct 1;220:809-14. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.06.283. Epub 2016 Jun 29.
OBJECTIVES: This double blinded, placebo controlled randomized clinical trial studies the effect of exenatide on myocardial infarct size. The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist exenatide has possible cardioprotective properties during reperfusion after primary percutaneous coronary interventio
PMID 27394978

Drug-induced aortic valve stenosis: An under recognized entity.

Ennezat PV1, Bruneval P2, Czitrom D3, Gueffet JP4, Piriou N4, Trochu JN4, Patra O5, Blanchard-Lemoine B6, du Fretay XH6, Nazeyrollas P7, Assoun B8, Jobic Y9, Brochet E10, Bogino E11, Roudaut R12, Augier C13, Greffe L14, Petit-Eisenmann H15, Dambrin C16, Chavanon O13, Guillou L17, Grisoli D18, Morera P18, Banfi C19, Remadi JP20, Fabre O21, Vincentelli A22, Lantuejoul S23, Ikoli JF24, Copin MC25, Malergue MC3, Maréchaux S26, Tribouilloy C27.
International journal of cardiology.Int J Cardiol.2016 Oct 1;220:429-34. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.06.112. Epub 2016 Jun 23.
BACKGROUND: We have been intrigued by the observation that aortic stenosis (AS) may be associated with characteristic features of mitral drug-induced valvular heart disease (DI-VHD) in patients exposed to valvulopathic drugs, thus suggesting that beyond restrictive heart valve regurgitation, valvulo
PMID 27390966

Atrial septal pouch - Morphological features and clinical considerations.

Hołda MK1, Koziej M2, Hołda J2, Piątek K2, Tyrak K2, Chołopiak W2, Bolechała F3, Walocha JA2, Klimek-Piotrowska W2.
International journal of cardiology.Int J Cardiol.2016 Oct 1;220:337-42. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.06.141. Epub 2016 Jun 28.
BACKGROUND: The atrial septal pouch (SP) is a new anatomical entity within the interatrial septum. The left-sided SP may be the source of thrombus and contribute to ischemic stroke. The aim of this study was to provide a detailed morphometric description of the SP.METHODS: Two hundred autopsied hear
PMID 27390952

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「内心膜性」
拡張検索	「subendocardial infarction」「subendocardial myocardial infarction」「complete endocardial cushion defect」「endocardial cushion defect」