WordNet

a protective covering (as for a knife or sword)
an enveloping structure or covering enclosing an animal or plant organ or part (同)case
of or relating to or located in the dermis (同)dermic
protective covering consisting, for example, of a layer of boards applied to the studs and joists of a building to strengthen it and serve as a foundation for a weatherproof exterior (同)overlay, overlayer
enclosed in a protective covering; sometimes used in combination; "his sheathed sword"; "the cats sheathed claws"; "a ships bottom sheathed in copper"; "copper-sheathed"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(刀などの)さや / (動・植物のある部分をおおう)さや;(ケーブルの)鎧装(がいそう)など・体にぴったり合った女性の衣服
皮膚の,皮膚に関する
さやに納めること / おおい,被覆
真皮(true skin),皮膚

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1. 末梢神経腫瘍 peripheral nerve tumors
2. 硬膜内神経鞘腫 intradural nerve sheath tumors
3. 新生児および乳児における皮膚および頭皮の良性病変 benign skin and scalp lesions in the newborn and young infant
4. 黒色腫の病理学的特徴 pathologic characteristics of melanoma
5. 先天性色素性母斑および点状黒子様母斑 congenital melanocytic nevi and speckled lentiginous nevi

English Journal

Structural changes in hair follicles and sebaceous glands of hairless mice following exposure to sulfur mustard.

Joseph LB1, Heck DE2, Cervelli JA3, Composto GM3, Babin MC4, Casillas RP5, Sinko PJ6, Gerecke DR3, Laskin DL3, Laskin JD7.Author information 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States. Electronic address: lbjoseph@pharmacy.rutgers.edu.2Environmental Health Sciences, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States.3Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States.4Battelle Laboratories, Columbus, OH, United States.5MRIGlobal, Kansas City, MO, United States.6Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States.7Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Rutgers University - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States.AbstractSulfur mustard (SM) is a bifunctional alkylating agent causing skin inflammation, edema and blistering. A hallmark of SM-induced toxicity is follicular and interfollicular epithelial damage. In the present studies we determined if SM-induced structural alterations in hair follicles and sebaceous glands were correlated with cell damage, inflammation and wound healing. The dorsal skin of hairless mice was treated with saturated SM vapor. One to seven days later, epithelial cell karyolysis within the hair root sheath, infundibulum and isthmus was apparent, along with reduced numbers of sebocytes. Increased numbers of utriculi, some with connections to the skin surface, and engorged dermal cysts were also evident. This was associated with marked changes in expression of markers of DNA damage (phospho-H2A.X), apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3), and wound healing (FGFR2 and galectin-3) throughout pilosebaceous units. Conversely, fatty acid synthase and galectin-3 were down-regulated in sebocytes after SM. Decreased numbers of hair follicles and increased numbers of inflammatory cells surrounding the utriculi and follicular cysts were noted within the wound 3-7days post-SM exposure. Expression of phospho-H2A.X, cleaved caspase-3, FGFR2 and galectin-3 was decreased in dysplastic follicular epidermis. Fourteen days after SM, engorged follicular cysts which expressed galectin-3 were noted within hyperplastic epidermis. Galectin-3 was also expressed in basal keratinocytes and in the first few layers of suprabasal keratinocytes in neoepidermis formed during wound healing indicating that this lectin is important in the early stages of keratinocyte differentiation. These data indicate that hair follicles and sebaceous glands are targets for SM in the skin.
Experimental and molecular pathology.Exp Mol Pathol.2014 Mar 21. pii: S0014-4800(14)00033-1. doi: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2014.03.002. [Epub ahead of print]
Sulfur mustard (SM) is a bifunctional alkylating agent causing skin inflammation, edema and blistering. A hallmark of SM-induced toxicity is follicular and interfollicular epithelial damage. In the present studies we determined if SM-induced structural alterations in hair follicles and sebaceous gla
PMID 24662110

Clinical and treatment characteristics determining therapeutic outcome in patients undergoing autologous non-cultured outer root sheath hair follicle cell suspension for treatment of stable vitiligo.

Vinay K1, Dogra S, Parsad D, Kanwar AJ, Kumar R, Minz RW, Saikia UN.Author information 1Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.AbstractBACKGROUND: Autologous non-cultured outer root sheath hair follicle cell suspension (NCORSHFS) is a recently described novel cellular graft technique for the treatment of stable vitiligo. There is lack of data about various factors determining the repigmentation rate in vitiligo patients undergoing this novel surgical therapy.
Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV.J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol.2014 Mar 14. doi: 10.1111/jdv.12426. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: Autologous non-cultured outer root sheath hair follicle cell suspension (NCORSHFS) is a recently described novel cellular graft technique for the treatment of stable vitiligo. There is lack of data about various factors determining the repigmentation rate in vitiligo patients undergoing
PMID 24628828

Hair follicle mesenchyme-associated PD-L1 regulates T-cell activation induced apoptosis: a potential mechanism of immune privilege.

Wang X1, Marr AK2, Breitkopf T1, Leung G1, Hao J3, Wang E1, Kwong N3, Akhoundsadegh N1, Chen L4, Mui A3, Carr N3, Warnock GL3, Shapiro J1, McElwee KJ1.Author information 1Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.2Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.3Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.4Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.AbstractThe immune privilege (IP) of hair follicles (HFs) has been well established in previous studies. However, whether cultured HF cells still exhibit IP properties, the individual factors involved in this process, and the detailed mechanisms that drive and maintain IP, are largely unidentified. We found preferential expression of IP-associated genes in cultured HF dermal papilla and dermal sheath cup cells (DSCCs) compared with non-follicular fibroblasts (FBs) at passage 4, suggesting a potential for functional IP. Notably, programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) was significantly upregulated in DSCCs and dermal papilla cells relative to FBs. IFNγ secretion from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) co-cultured with histoincompatible DSCCs was significantly lower than with FB and higher percentages of early apoptotic, Annexin V+ cells were observed in PBMC co-cultured with DSCCs. Knockdown of PD-L1 translation by silencing interfering RNA in DSCCs enabled increased IFNγ secretion by PBMCs, whereas transfection of pCMV6-XL4/hPD-L1 in FB significantly reduced IFNγ secretion and increased apoptosis in co-cultured PBMCs. We also found that apoptosis in allogeneic T cells induced by DSCCs was largely dependent on the mitochondrial pathway. Our study suggests IP properties are exhibited in cultured DSCCs in part through expression of negative co-signaling molecule PD-L1.
The Journal of investigative dermatology.J Invest Dermatol.2014 Mar;134(3):736-45. doi: 10.1038/jid.2013.368. Epub 2013 Sep 4.
The immune privilege (IP) of hair follicles (HFs) has been well established in previous studies. However, whether cultured HF cells still exhibit IP properties, the individual factors involved in this process, and the detailed mechanisms that drive and maintain IP, are largely unidentified. We found
PMID 24005055

Japanese Journal

Steady and Temporary Expressions of Smooth Muscle Actin in Hair, Vibrissa, Arrector Pili Muscle, and Other Hair Appendages of Developing Rats

Morioka Kiyokazu,Arai Mary,Ihara Setsunosuke
ACTA HISTOCHEMICA ET CYTOCHEMICA 44(3), 141-153, 2011
… A strong signal of SMA in the skin was located in the dermal sheath as well as in some outer root sheath cells in the hair and vibrissal follicles. … Positive areas in the dermal and outer root sheaths were restricted to a lower moiety, particularly areas of similar height, where keratinization of the hair shaft occurs. …
NAID 130000722778