WordNet

congenital deafness that results in inability to speak (同)deaf-muteness
lacking or deprived of the sense of hearing wholly or in part
people who have severe hearing impairments; "many of the deaf use sign language"
(usually followed by `to' (同)indifferent
the condition of being unable or unwilling to speak; "her muteness was a consequence of her deafness" (同)muteness

PrepTutorEJDIC

『耳が遠い』,耳が不自由な / 《the deaf;名詞的に》耳が不自合な人々 / 《補語にのみ用いて》(…を)『聞こうとしない』(…に)むとんじゃくである《+『to』+『名』》

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/27 18:58:04」(JST)

wiki en

Deaf-mute is a term which was used historically to identify a person who was either deaf using a sign language or both deaf and could not speak. The term continues to be used to refer to deaf people who cannot speak an oral language or have some degree of speaking ability, but choose not to speak because of the negative or unwanted attention atypical voices sometimes attract. Such people communicate using sign language.^[1] Some consider it to be a derogatory term if used outside its historical context; the preferred term today is simply "deaf".^[2]

It is sometimes used to refer to other hearing people in jest, to chide, or to invoke an image of someone who refuses to employ common sense or who is unreliable. "Deaf and dumb",^[3] "semi-deaf" and "semi-mute" are other historic references to deaf people.

In the past deaf-mute was used to describe deaf people who used sign language, but in modern times, the term is frequently viewed as insensitive or socially and politically incorrect.^[4] From antiquity (as noted in the Code of Hammurabi) until recent times, the terms "deaf-mute" and "deaf and dumb" were sometimes considered analogous to "stupid" by some hearing people.^[5]

The simple identity of "deaf" has been embraced by the community of signing deaf people since the foundations of public deaf education in the 18th century and remains the preferred term of reference or identity for many years. Within the deaf community there are some who prefer the term "Deaf" to "deaf" as a description of their status and identity.^[6]

Classification as a deaf-mute has a particular importance in Jewish law. Because historically it was impossible to teach or communicate with them, deaf-mutes were not moral agents, and therefore were unable to own real estate, act as witnesses, or be punished for any crime. However, today when techniques for educating deaf people are known, they are no longer classed as such. The law was never about deafness per se, but rather about the inability to educate such a person.^[7]^[8]

Deaf-muteness in art and literature

Stephen King's novel, The Stand, features a main character named Nick Andros who is referred to as "deaf-mute." Though deaf people almost always have a voice, King interpreted the term literally and made Nick unable to vocalize. However, he could read lips and make himself clearly understood by pantomiming and in writing.

The phrase is used in The Catcher in the Rye to indicate someone who does not speak his mind, and hears nothing, in effect becoming isolated from the world.

Chief Bromden, in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, is believed by all to be deaf and mute, but in fact he can hear and speak; he does not let anyone know this because, as he grew up, he was not spoken to (making him "deaf") and ignored (making him "mute").

The character Singer in the novel The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter, written in 1940, is referred to as "deaf-mute" multiple times.

In the classic Zorro stories, television series, etc. Zorro's aid Bernardo, a mute, pretends that he can also not hear, in order to get information to aid his master in his fight for justice.

In the early 87th Precinct novels written by Ed McBain, Teddy Carella, the wife of Detective Steve Carella, was referred to as a "deaf-mute," but in later books, McBain stopped using the term. In the foreword to a reprinted edition of "The Con Man", originally published in 1957, McBain says "A reader pointed out to me two or three years ago that this expression was now considered derogatory. Out the window it went, and Teddy is now speech-and-hearing impaired."

References

^ Mindess, Anna (2006). Reading Between the Signs: Intercultural Communication for Sign Language Interpreters.
^ Moore, Matthew S. & Levitan, Linda (2003). For Hearing People Only, Answers to Some of the Most Commonly Asked Questions About the Deaf Community, its Culture, and the "Deaf Reality", Rochester, New York: Deaf Life Press.
^ Barquist, Barbara; Barquist, David (1987). "The Early Years". In Haley, Leroy. The Summit of Oconomowoc: 150 Years of Summit Town. Summit History Group. p. 47.
^ What is Wrong with the Use of these Terms: "Deaf-mute", "Deaf and dumb", or "Hearing-impaired"?
^ Nancy Creighton. What is Wrong With the Use of The Terms: 'Deaf-mute', 'Deaf and dumb', or 'Hearingimpaired'?. National Association of the Deaf
^ Ladd, P. (2003). Understanding Deaf Culture. In Search of Deafhood. Toronto: Multilingual Matters.
^ "Deaf People & Halacha". The Institute for the Advancement of Deaf Persons in Israel. 2007.
^ Gracer, Bonnie L. (Spring 2003). "What the Rabbis Heard: Deafness in the Mishnah". Disability Studies Quarterly 23 (2).

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 失語症患者へのアプローチ approach to the patient with aphasia
2. 突発性難聴 sudden sensorineural hearing loss
3. 成人における難聴の病因 etiology of hearing loss in adults
4. 成人における難聴の評価 evaluation of hearing loss in adults
5. 新生児における難聴スクリーニング screening the newborn for hearing loss

English Journal

Investigating language lateralization during phonological and semantic fluency tasks using functional transcranial Doppler sonography.

Gutierrez-Sigut E1, Payne H, MacSweeney M.
Laterality.Laterality.2015 Jan;20(1):49-68. doi: 10.1080/1357650X.2014.914950. Epub 2014 May 29.
Although there is consensus that the left hemisphere plays a critical role in language processing, some questions remain. Here we examine the influence of overt versus covert speech production on lateralization, the relationship between lateralization and behavioural measures of language performance
PMID 24875468

Losing the beat: deficits in temporal coordination.

Palmer C1, Lidji P2, Peretz I3.
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences.Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci.2014 Dec 19;369(1658). pii: 20130405. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0405.
Tapping or clapping to an auditory beat, an easy task for most individuals, reveals precise temporal synchronization with auditory patterns such as music, even in the presence of temporal fluctuations. Most models of beat-tracking rely on the theoretical concept of pulse: a perceived regular beat ge
PMID 25385783

Japanese Journal

上下顎移動術とその周術期管理に苦慮した多数歯欠損を有する高度難聴患者の1例

比嘉努,平塚博義,天願俊泉,神農悦輝,砂川元
日本口腔外科学会雑誌 48(1), 35-38, 2002-01-20
… We report on problems encountered during perioperative management in a 46-year-old woman with deaf-mutism and loss of multiple teeth who underwent orthognathic surgical correction of a jaw deformity. …
NAID 10009469124

難聴と遺伝カウンセリング

伊藤壽一
耳鼻咽喉科臨床 95(1), 1-5, 2002-01-01
Since the development of clinical genetic medicine, we have needed the knowledge and ability to provide genetic counseling in the Department of Otolaryngology.Genetic counseling for congenital hearing …
NAID 10008098567

Related Pictures

Deaf Mutism Deaf-Mutism and Ophthalmic Lesions*

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「聾唖」「bilateral deafness」「acquired deafness」「ろう唖」
拡張検索	「goiter-deaf mutism syndrome」
関連記事	「deaf」