WordNet

undergo a test; "She doesnt test well"
any standardized procedure for measuring sensitivity or memory or intelligence or aptitude or personality etc; "the test was standardized on a large sample of students" (同)mental test, mental testing, psychometric test
the act of undergoing testing; "he survived the great test of battle"; "candidates must compete in a trial of skill" (同)trial
the act of testing something; "in the experimental trials the amount of carbon was measured separately"; "he called each flip of the coin a new trial" (同)trial, run
a hard outer covering as of some amoebas and sea urchins
put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to; "This approach has been tried with good results"; "Test this recipe" (同)prove, try, try out, examine, essay
achieve a certain score or rating on a test; "She tested high on the LSAT and was admitted to all the good law schools"
determine the presence or properties of (a substance)
show a certain characteristic when tested; "He tested positive for HIV"
an examination of the characteristics of something; "there are laboratories for commercial testing"; "it involved testing thousands of children for smallpox"
the act of subjecting to experimental test in order to determine how well something works; "they agreed to end the testing of atomic weapons"
tested and proved useful or correct; "a tested method" (同)tried, well-tried
tested and proved to be reliable (同)time-tested, tried, tried and true

PrepTutorEJDIC

(人の能力などの)『試験』,考査,テスト / (物事の)『試験』,検済,試錬,実験《+of+名》 / 化学分析;試薬 / =test match / …‘を'『試験する』,検査する / …‘を'化学分析する / (…の)試験を受ける,試験をする《+for+名》
クラーレ(南米原住民が矢じりに塗る植物から採った毒)
testis の複数形

UpToDate Contents

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1. 胎児機能評価 the fetal biophysical profile
2. New-onset urticaria
3. 神経筋接合部の電気診断学的評価 electrodiagnostic evaluation of the neuromuscular junction
4. 重症疾患に関連する神経筋脱力 neuromuscular weakness related to critical illness
5. ボツリヌス中毒 botulism

English Journal

Neuromuscular junction formation between human stem cell-derived motoneurons and human skeletal muscle in a defined system.

Guo X1, Gonzalez M, Stancescu M, Vandenburgh HH, Hickman JJ.Author information 1Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.AbstractFunctional in vitro models composed of human cells will constitute an important platform in the next generation of system biology and drug discovery. This study reports a novel human-based in vitro Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ) system developed in a defined serum-free medium and on a patternable non-biological surface. The motoneurons and skeletal muscles were derived from fetal spinal stem cells and skeletal muscle stem cells. The motoneurons and skeletal myotubes were completely differentiated in the co-culture based on morphological analysis and electrophysiology. NMJ formation was demonstrated by phase contrast microscopy, immunocytochemistry and the observation of motoneuron-induced muscle contractions utilizing time-lapse recordings and their subsequent quenching by d-Tubocurarine. Generally, functional human based systems would eliminate the issue of species variability during the drug development process and its derivation from stem cells bypasses the restrictions inherent with utilization of primary human tissue. This defined human-based NMJ system is one of the first steps in creating functional in vitro systems and will play an important role in understanding NMJ development, in developing high information content drug screens and as test beds in preclinical studies for spinal or muscular diseases/injuries such as muscular dystrophy, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinal cord repair.
Biomaterials.Biomaterials.2011 Dec;32(36):9602-11. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.09.014. Epub 2011 Sep 23.
Functional in vitro models composed of human cells will constitute an important platform in the next generation of system biology and drug discovery. This study reports a novel human-based in vitro Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ) system developed in a defined serum-free medium and on a patternable non-
PMID 21944471

[Residual curarization and pharyngeal muscles: remain vigilant!].

d'Hollander AA1, Bourgain JL.Author information 1Service d'anesthésiologie, HUG, Geneva, Switzerland. dhollanderalain@yahoo.frAbstractThe different concepts treating of "residual curarization" were presented according to two directions: the analysis of their contents--epidemiologic, clinical, instrumental--and the description of the pharyngeal striated muscles functions in these contexts. It appears that certain, too marked, "residual curarization" levels remain a well-evidenced factor increasing some morbidities in numerous clinical situations. All the methods of instrumental monitoring of the level of curarization--mecanography, electromyography, accelerometry--appeared useful to document the levels of "residual curarization" before patient's extubation or awakening. Today, for our speciality, it became particularly clear that: neither the selected muscle-- adductor pollicis--, neither the test currently privileged--train-of-four 2Hz--, nor the thresholds currently selected--0.90 or 1.00--did not constitute the unavoidable proof of a "residual curarization" complete absence. For the healthy volunteer receiving a curare, a train of four of the adductor pollicis greater than 0.90 can exist in presence of spirometric alterations evidencing the lack of adequate pharyngeal dilatation. In daily routine, the pharyngeal control is already disturbed by numerous molecules including: benzodiazepines, halogenated vapours, propofol, i.e. even under non-hypnotic concentrations. Faced to such evidences, our medical speciality will, undoubtedly, have to acquire new knowledge to develop muscle relaxant management control processes eliminating the surmorbidities related to "residual curarization". These tests must be validated also to exclude morbidity-prone dysfunctions of the pharyngeal striated muscles. Considering this new paradigm would be a major safety evolution for our speciality.
Annales françaises d'anesthèsie et de rèanimation.Ann Fr Anesth Reanim.2009 Oct;28(10):868-77. doi: 10.1016/j.annfar.2009.07.090. Epub 2009 Oct 24.
The different concepts treating of "residual curarization" were presented according to two directions: the analysis of their contents--epidemiologic, clinical, instrumental--and the description of the pharyngeal striated muscles functions in these contexts. It appears that certain, too marked, "resi
PMID 19854607

Erector spinae muscle changes on magnetic resonance imaging following lumbar surgery through a posterior approach.

Gille O1, Jolivet E, Dousset V, Degrise C, Obeid I, Vital JM, Skalli W.Author information 1University Hospital of Bordeaux, Spinal Unit, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bordeaux, France.AbstractSTUDY DESIGN: Prospective randomized study of patients undergoing lumbar arthrodesis.
Spine.Spine (Phila Pa 1976).2007 May 15;32(11):1236-41.
STUDY DESIGN: Prospective randomized study of patients undergoing lumbar arthrodesis.OBJECTIVES: To quantify MRI changes of the erector spinae following lumbar surgery through a posterior approach and the possible protection of these muscles during surgery by the use of cholinergic blockade.SUMMARY
PMID 17495782

Japanese Journal

MOTOR DYSFUNCTION IN SPONTANEOUS THYMOMA RATS, BUFFALO/MNA

KATO FUMINORI,WATANABE MINORU
Journal of pharmacobio-dynamics 5(9), 727-733, 1982-09
… According to the test of drug sensitivity, Mna rats were much less sensitive to curare than ACI rats. … The reduced sensitivity to curare suggests a possibility of change some at the site of neuro-muscular junction. …
NAID 110003636421

Motor dysfunction in spontaneous thymoma rats, Buffalo/Mna.

KATO FUMINORI,WATANABE MINORU
Journal of Pharmacobio-Dynamics 5(9), 727-733, 1982
… According to the test of drug sensitivity, Mna rats were much less sensitive to curare than ACI rats. … The reduced sensitivity to curare suggests a possibility of change some at the site of neuro-muscular junction. …
NAID 130003544606

Thymectomy for Myasthenia Gravis

Shibota Yutaka,Kagawa Yuzuru,Ottomo Michitoshi,Sudo Ken
The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine 91(1), 61-83, 1967
… On the contrary, examinations directly connected with muscle functions, such as per cent vital capacity, Tensilon test, Curare test and electromyographic study, showed an apparent difference among the three groups. … Furthermore, 3) the cases of Grade II, where there was an increase in inspiratory capacity at preoperative Tensilon test even though per cent vital capacity was more than 50 per cent should be included. …
NAID 130003408619

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