WordNet

transactions (sales and purchases) having the objective of supplying commodities (goods and services) (同)commercialism, mercantilism
social exchange, especially of opinions, attitudes, etc.
be traded at a certain price or under certain conditions; "The stock traded around $20 a share"
the skilled practice of a practical occupation; "he learned his trade as an apprentice" (同)craft
the business given to a commercial establishment by its customers; "even before noon there was a considerable patronage" (同)patronage
the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services; "Venice was an important center of trade with the East"; "they are accused of conspiring to constrain trade"
engage in the trade of; "he is merchandising telephone sets" (同)merchandise
exchange or give (something) in exchange for (同)swap, swop, switch
turn in as payment or part payment for a purchase; "trade in an old car for a new one" (同)trade_in
determine the price of; "The grocer priced his wares high"
the amount of money needed to purchase something; "the price of gasoline"; "he got his new car on excellent terms"; "how much is the damage?" (同)terms, damage
cost of bribing someone; "they say that every politician has a price"
value measured by what must be given or done or undergone to obtain something; "the cost in human life was enormous"; "the price of success is hard work"; "what price glory?" (同)cost, toll
the high value or worth of something; "her price is far above rubies"
a monetary reward for helping to catch a criminal; "the cattle thief has a price on his head"
ascertain or learn the price of; "Have you priced personal computers lately?"
incidental activity performed by an actor for dramatic effect; "his business with the cane was hilarious" (同)stage business, byplay
the volume of commercial activity; "business is good today"; "show me where the business was today"
business concerns collectively; "Government and business could not agree" (同)business sector
a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it; "he bought his brothers business"; "a small mom-and-pop business"; "a racially integrated business concern" (同)concern, business concern, business organization, business organisation
a rightful concern or responsibility; "its none of your business"; "mind your own business"
an immediate objective; "gossip was the main business of the evening"
the state of being purchasable; offered or exhibited for selling; "youll find vitamin C for sale at most pharmacies"; "the new line of cars will soon be on sale"
an occasion (usually brief) for buying at specially reduced prices; "they held a sale to reduce their inventory"; "I got some great bargains at their annual sale" (同)cut-rate sale, sales event
a particular instance of selling; "he has just made his first sale"; "they had to complete the sale before the banks closed"
the general activity of selling; "they tried to boost sales"; "laws limit the sale of handguns"
an agreement (or contract) in which property is transferred from the seller (vendor) to the buyer (vendee) for a fixed price in money (paid or agreed to be paid by the buyer); "the salesman faxed the sales agreement to his home office" (同)sales agreement
an association of businessmen to protect and promote business interests
commerce conducted electronically (as on the internet)
an article that is offered for sale

PrepTutorEJDIC

(…との)『商業』,通商,貿易(trade)《+『with』+『名』》
〈U〉『商業』,商売 / 〈C〉交換 / 〈C〉〈U〉『職業』 / 〈U〉《the trade》《集合的に》堂業者 / 〈U〉《the trade》…業[界] / 〈U〉《形容詞[句]を伴って》売り上げ高;《集合的に》顧客,得意先 / 《the trades》《話》=trade wind / (…を)『売買する,商う』《+in+名》 / 交換する / (…と)商売を営む,貿易をする《+with+名》 / (人と)〈物〉‘を'『交換する』《+名〈物〉+with+名〈人〉》;(物と)〈物〉‘を'交換する《+名〈物〉+for+名〈物〉》
〈C〉(売買の)『値段』,『価格』 / 〈U〉《しばしばa~》(何かを手に入れるための金銭以外の)『代償』,代価 / 〈C〉(犯人逮捕などの)賞金,ほうび / 〈C〉(競馬などの)賭(か)け率 / 《しばしば受動態で》〈商品〉‘に'(…の)値段をつける《+『名』〈商品〉+『at』+『名』〈金額〉》 / 《話》…‘の'値段を確かめる
〈U〉(生計のための)『職業』,商売;任務,仕事 / 〈C〉『店』,『会社』,商社 / 〈U〉『商取引』,商売 / 〈C〉事,事柄(matter, affair);用事,用件 / 《おもに否定文・疑問文で》(個人的)関心事,責任のある事
〈U〉〈C〉(…の)『販売』,売却,売れ行き,需要《+『of』(『for』)+『名』》 / 〈C〉『特売』,安売り / 《複数形で》販売[の仕事];売り上げ[高]
(小さな品物を)売る人,行商人 / (法律で)(土地・家などを)売りに出す人

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/07/03 16:29:37」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

This article is about the business concept. For other uses, see Commerce (disambiguation).

Commerce is the whole system of an economy that constitutes an environment for business. The system includes legal, economic, political, social, cultural and technological systems that are in operation in any country. Thus, commerce is a system or an environment that affects the business prospects of an economy or a nation-state. It can also be defined as a component of business which includes all activities, functions and institutions involved in transferring goods from producers to consumers.

History[edit]

The caduceus has since ancient times been a symbol of commerce.

Some commentators trace the origins of commerce to the very start of communication in prehistoric times. Apart from traditional self-sufficiency, trading became a principal facility of prehistoric people, who bartered what they had for goods and services from each other. Historian Peter Watson dates the history of long-distance commerce from circa 150,000 years ago.^[1]

In historic times, the introduction of currency as a standardized money facilitated a wider exchange of goods and services. Numismatists have collections of these monetary tokens, which include coins from some Ancient World large-scale societies, although initial usage involved unmarked lumps of precious metal.^[2]^[3] The circulation of a standardized currency provides the method of overcoming the major disadvantage to commerce through use of a barter system, the "double coincidence of wants" necessary for barter trades to occur. For example, if a man who makes pots for a living needs a new house, he may wish to hire someone to build it for him. But he cannot make an equivalent number of pots to equal this service done for him, because even if the builder could build the house, the builder might not want the pots. Currency solved this problem by allowing a society as a whole to assign values and thus to collect goods and services effectively and to store them for later use, or to split them among several providers.

Today^[update] commerce includes a complex system of companies that try to maximize their profits by offering products and services to the market (which consists both of individuals and other companies) at the lowest production cost. A system of international trade has helped to develop the world economy but, in combination with bilateral or multilateral agreements to lower tariffs or to achieve free trade, has sometimes harmed third-world markets for local products (See Globalization).

References[edit]

^ Watson, Peter (2005). Ideas : A History of Thought and Invention from Fire to Freud. HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-621064-X. Introduction......./
^ Gold served especially commonly as a form of early money, as described in "Origins of Money and of Banking" Davies, Glyn (2002). Ideas : A history of money from ancient times to the present day. University of Wales Press. ISBN 0-7083-1717-0.
^ "Formation commerce"

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