WordNet

a medium brown to dark-brown color (同)coffee, deep brown, umber, burnt_umber
a food made from roasted ground cacao beans
a colloidal extract of algae; used especially in culture media and as a gelling agent in foods (同)agar-agar
any culture medium that uses agar as the gelling agent (同)nutrient_agar

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〈U〉〈C〉『チョコレート』;《複数形で》『チョコレート菓子』 / 〈U〉チョコレート飲料 / 〈U〉チョコレート色 / チョコレート製の,チョコレト入りの / チョコレート色の
寒天;(細菌の培養などに用いる)寒天培養基

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/04/10 18:37:59」(JST)

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Chocolate agar showing Francisella tularensis colonies

Comparison of two culture media types used to grow Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria.

Known as overgrowth, note that the non-selective chocolate agar medium on the left, due to its composition, allowed for the growth of organismal colonies other than those of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, while the selective Thayer-Martin medium on the right, containing antimicrobials that inhibit the growth of organisms other than N. gonorrhoeae, shows no overgrowth, but is positive for N. gonorrhoeae bacteria. (Enlarge image to see N. gonorrhoeae colonies)

Chocolate agar (CHOC) or chocolate blood agar (CBA) - is a non-selective, enriched growth medium. ^[1] ^[2] It is a variant of the blood agar plate, containing red blood cells that have been lysed by slowly heating to 80 °C. Chocolate agar is used for growing fastidious respiratory bacteria, such as Haemophilus influenzae. ^[3] These bacteria need growth factors, like NAD and hemin, which are inside red blood cells; thus, a prerequisite to growth is lysis of the red blood cells. The heat also inactivates enzymes which could otherwise degrade NAD. The agar is named for the color and contains no actual chocolate.

Variants

Chocolate agar with the addition of bacitracin becomes selective, most critically, for the genus Haemophilus. Another variant of chocolate agar called Thayer-Martin agar contains an assortment of antibiotics which select for Neisseria.

References

^ Segen. "Chocolate agar: Definition". The Free Dictionary. Retrieved 28 September 2012.
^ "Chocolate Agar (CHOC)". Anaerobe free systems. Retrieved 28 September 2012.
^ Gunn, B.A. "Chocolate agar: A differential medium for gram positive cocci". PubMed. Retrieved 28 September 2012.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 細菌検査室におけるグラム染色および培養結果に対するアプローチ approach to gram stain and culture results in the microbiology laboratory
2. 髄膜炎菌の微生物学および病理生物学 microbiology and pathobiology of neisseria meningitidis
3. モラクセラ・カタラーリス感染 moraxella catarrhalis infections
4. セレウス菌およびその他の非炭疽菌バシラス属 bacillus cereus and other non anthracis bacillus species
5. 細菌性肺炎の評価のための喀痰培養 sputum cultures for the evaluation of bacterial pneumonia

English Journal

Nocardia cyriacigeorgica as the causative agent of mandibular osteomyelitis (lumpy jaw) in a cat.

Soto E1, Arauz M, Gallagher CA, Illanes O.
Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc.J Vet Diagn Invest.2014 May 12. [Epub ahead of print]
An unusual case of osteomyelitis caused by Nocardia cyriacigeorgica infection and resulting in mandibular osteomyelitis and cellulitis (lumpy jaw) is described in a young cat. A 1-cm hard nodular mass was an incidental finding in the right mandible of a 14-month-old cat during routine physical exami
PMID 24821693

Aerobic cervical bacteriology and antibiotic sensitivity patterns in patients with advanced cervical cancer before and after radiotherapy at a national referral hospital in Uganda.

Mubangizi L1, Namusoke F1, Mutyaba T2.
International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics.Int J Gynaecol Obstet.2014 Apr 2. pii: S0020-7292(14)00172-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2014.01.013. [Epub ahead of print]
OBJECTIVE: To determine prevalent aerobic cervical bacteria and sensitivity to commonly used antibiotics in patients with advanced cervical cancer before and after 4weeks of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT).METHODS: Cervical swabs were collected prior to the initial radiation dose and after 4weeks
PMID 24786141

Antimicrobial effect of cryopreservation on donor ocular tissue.

Bower TN1, Rocha G.
Cornea.Cornea.2014 Apr;33(4):355-8. doi: 10.1097/ICO.0000000000000058.
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial effect of cryopreservation on donor globes with a previously positive culture. More specifically, our study aims at determining whether microbial organisms can still be cultured after cryopreservation in previously culture positive donor
PMID 24503602

Japanese Journal

扁桃感染症と Eikenella corrodens

平木信明,宇高毅,塩盛輝夫,小泉弘樹,門川洋平,小野頌子,鈴木秀明
耳鼻咽喉科臨床 102(3), 207-212, 2009-03-01
… Microbial specimens were subjected to light microscopic examination, aerobic culture using chocolate and sheep blood agar media, and anaerobic culture using Brucella HK agar medium. …
NAID 10024762644

A Woman with Infectious Endocarditis Caused by Abiotrophia defectiva

HASHIMOTO Toko,JODO Satoshi,FURUSAKI Akira,KON Yujiro,AMASAKI Yoshiharu,ATSUMI Tatsuya,KOMATSU Hiroshi,SHIMOKAWA Junichi,YONEZAWA Kazuya,KOIKE Takao
Internal medicine 43(10), 1000-1004, 2004-10-01
… Although few bacteria grew in regular blood agar, Grampositive coccobacillus was specifically grown in chocolate blood agar and Brucella agar, and it was identified to be Abiotrophia defectiva. …
NAID 130000084174