WordNet

relating to or associated with the neck
of or relating to the cervix of the uterus; "cervical cancer"
a small vascular growth on the surface of a mucous membrane (同)polypus
one of two forms that coelenterates take (e.g. a hydra or coral): usually sedentary with a hollow cylindrical body usually with a ring of tentacles around the mouth; "in some species of coelenterate, polyps are a phase in the life cycle that alternates with a medusoid phase"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(子宮などの)頚(けい)部の(にできた)
ポリプ(ヒドラ,イソギンチャクなどの生物)・ポリープ(鼻などの粘膜にできるおでき)
=polytechnic
《話》政治家

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/05/22 10:20:32」(JST)

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A cervical polyp is a common benign polyp or tumour on the surface of the cervical canal.^[1] They can cause irregular menstrual bleeding but often show no symptoms. Treatment consists of simple removal of the polyp and prognosis is generally good. About 1% of cervical polyps will show neoplastic change which may lead to cancer. They are most common in post-menstrual, pre-menopausal women who have been pregnant.

Cause [edit]

The cause of cervical polyps is uncertain, but they are often associated with inflammation of the cervix.^[2] They may also occur as a result of raised levels of estrogen or clogged cervical blood vessels.^[3]

Symptoms [edit]

Cervical polyps often show no symptoms.^[4] Where there are symptoms, they include intermenstrual bleeding, abnormally heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia), vaginal bleeding in post-menopausal women, bleeding after sex and thick white vaginal or yellowish discharge (leukorrhoea).^[3]^[5]^[6]^[7]

Diagnosis [edit]

cervical polyp in ultrasound

Cervical polyps can be seen during a pelvic examination as red or purple projections from the cervical canal.^[3] Diagnosis can be confirmed by a cervical biopsy which will reveal the nature of the cells present.^[3]

Treatment [edit]

Cervical polyps can be removed using ring forceps.^[8] They can also be removed by tying surgical string around the polyp and cutting it off.^[3] The remaining base of the polyp can then be removed using a laser or by cauterisation.^[3] If the polyp is infected, an antibiotic may be prescribed.^[3]

Prognosis [edit]

99% of cervical polyps will remain benign and 1% will at some point show neoplastic change.^[9] Cervical polyps are unlikely to regrow.^[3]

Risk factors and epidemiology [edit]

Cervical polyps are most common in women who have had children and perimenopausal women.^[4] They are rare in pre-menstrual girls and uncommon in post-menopausal women.^[7]

Structure [edit]

Cervical polyps are finger-like growths, generally less than 1 cm in diameter.^[3]^[5] They are generally bright red in colour, with a spongy texture.^[4] They may be attached to the cervix by a stalk (pedunculated) and occasionally prolapse into the vagina where they can be mistaken for endometrial polyps or submucosal fibroids.^[5]

References [edit]

^ Boon, Mathilde E.; Albert J. H. Suurmeijer (1996). The Pap Smear. Taylor & Francis. p. 87. ISBN 3-7186-5857-7.
^ "Cervical Polyps" (PDF). Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals (NHS). Retrieved 2007-10-21.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Smith, Melanie N. (2006-05-10). "Cervical polyps". MEDLINE. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
^ ^a ^b ^c Zuber, Thomas J.; E. J. Mayeaux (2004). Atlas of Primary Care Procedures. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 254–256. ISBN 0-7817-3905-5.
^ ^a ^b ^c Bates, Jane (1997). Practical Gynaecological Ultrasound. Cambridge University Press. p. 77. ISBN 1-900151-51-0.
^ Papadakis, Maxine A.; Stephen J. McPhee, Roni F. Zeiger (2005). Current Consult Medicine 2006. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 60. ISBN 0-07-145892-1.
^ ^a ^b Bosze, Peter; David M. Luesley (2004). Eagc Course Book on Colposcopy. Informa Health Care. p. 66. ISBN 963-00-7356-0.
^ Moore, Anne (2001-09-20). "How Should I Treat Postcoital Bleeding in a Premenopausal Patient?". Medscape.com. Retrieved 2007-10-21.
^ Tillman, Elizabeth. "Short Instructor Materials" (PDF). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 2007-10-21.

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1. 子宮頸部の先天性奇形および子宮頸部良性病変 congenital cervical anomalies and benign cervical lesions
2. 子宮内膜ポリープ endometrial polyps
3. 女性における生殖器出血の鑑別診断 differential diagnosis of genital tract bleeding in women
4. 脱出性子宮平滑筋腫（子宮筋腫） prolapsed uterine leiomyoma fibroid
5. 妊娠していない生殖可能年齢の女性における不正子宮出血に対するアプローチ approach to abnormal uterine bleeding in nonpregnant reproductive age women

English Journal

The Effectiveness of Budesonide Nasal Irrigation After Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Asthma.

Kang TW1, Chung JH1, Cho SH1, Lee SH1, Kim KR1, Jeong JH1.
Clinical and experimental otorhinolaryngology.Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol.2017 Mar;10(1):91-96. doi: 10.21053/ceo.2016.00220. Epub 2016 Jul 21.
OBJECTIVES: Budesonide nasal irrigation was introduced recently for postoperative management of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. The safety and therapeutic effectiveness of this procedure is becoming accepted by many physicians. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of postop
PMID 27440128

Association between computed tomography findings and clinical symptoms in chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps.

Gregurić T1, Trkulja V2, Baudoin T3, Grgić MV3, Šmigovec I4, Kalogjera L3.
European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery.Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol.2017 Feb 2. doi: 10.1007/s00405-016-4446-y. [Epub ahead of print]
Objective of this study was to test whether there is a difference between chronic rhinosinusitis patients with (CRSwNP) and without (CRSsNP) nasal polyps in the association of extent of disease on CT scans with symptom severity and health-related quality-of-life (HRQL) impairment. Data sets from 271
PMID 28154930

Evaluation of a Minimally Disruptive Treatment Protocol for Frontal Sinus Fractures.

Patel SA1, Berens AM1, Devarajan K2, Whipple ME1, Moe KS1.
JAMA facial plastic surgery.JAMA Facial Plast Surg.2017 Feb 2. doi: 10.1001/jamafacial.2016.1769. [Epub ahead of print]
Importance: Despite common goals of frontal sinus fracture treatment (restoring forehead contour and creating a safe sinus), there remains significant variability in evaluation and treatment.Objective: To describe our experience with a minimally disruptive treatment protocol for the treatment of fro
PMID 28152148