WordNet

resembling a capsule; "the capsular ligament is a sac surrounding the articular cavity of a freely movable joint and attached to the bones"
of or relating to a capsule
enclose in a capsule (同)capsulate, capsulize, capsulise
a dry dehiscent seed vessel or the spore-containing structure of e.g. mosses
a pill in the form of a small rounded gelatinous container with medicine inside
a small container
a structure that encloses a body part
cataract surgery in which only the front of the lens is removed; the back of the lens capsule remains intact and provides support for the lens implant
cataract surgery in which the entire lens is removed

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カプセルの,カプセル状の,カプセルに入った
小容器;(薬の)カプセル / (植物の)さく / (生物体の)被のう,被膜 / (宇宙ロケットの)カプセル / 小型の;簡約した

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/03/21 20:13:22」(JST)

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Flowers and developing fruit capsules of the ground orchid Spathoglottis plicata

In botany a capsule is a type of simple, dry fruit produced by many species of flowering plants. A capsule is a structure composed of two or more carpels. In Angiosperms (flowering plants), the term locule is used to refer to a chamber within the fruit. Depending on the number of locules in the ovary, fruit can be classified as uni-locular (unilocular), bi-locular, tri-locular or multi-locular. The number of locules present in a gynoecium may be equal to or less than the number of carpels. The locules contain the ovules or seeds.

In most cases the capsule is dehiscent, i.e. at maturity, it splits apart (dehisces) to release the seeds within. A few capsules are indehiscent, for example those of Adansonia digitata, Alphitonia, and Merciera. In some capsules, the split occurs between carpels, and in others each carpel splits open. Where a capsule splits into distinguishable parts, these are called valves; the borders of the valves may or may not coincide with the borders of carpels.

If the split occurs along junctions between carpels (i.e. along the septa) with the valves remaining in place, the capsule is described as septicidal. By contrast when it splits into cells (i.e. not at the septa) along the midrib or dorsal suture of the loculess, it is described as loculicidal. The latter is common among many members of the Liliaceae.

In yet other forms of capsule, such as those of poppies, seeds are released through openings or pores that form in the capsule. If it is the upper part of the capsule that dehisces, the capsule is also called a pyxis. For example, in the Brazil nut, a lid on the capsule opens, but is too small to release the dozen or so seeds (the actual "Brazil nut" of commerce) within. These germinate inside the capsule after it falls to the ground.

Capsules are sometimes mislabeled as nuts, as in the example of the Brazil nut or the Horse-chestnut. A capsule is not a nut because it releases its seeds and it splits apart. Nuts on the other hand do not release seeds as they are a compound ovary containing both a single seed and the fruit. Nuts also do not split.

Examples of plants that produce capsules are nigella, poppy, lily, orchid, willow, cotton, and jimson weed.

Hoodia gordonii with capsule/fruit

Bibliography

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Capsule (fruit).

Encyclopaedia Brittanica
The seed site
Simpson, Michael G. (2011). Plant Systematics. Academic Press. ISBN 0-08-051404-9.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Chronic postoperative endophthalmitis after cataract surgery secondary to vancomycin-resistant Ochrobactrum anthropi: case report and literature review.

Kanjee R1, Koreishi AF2, Tanna AP2, Goldstein DA3.
Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection.J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect.2016 Dec;6(1):25. doi: 10.1186/s12348-016-0094-z. Epub 2016 Jul 15.
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to report an unusual case of chronic postoperative endophthalmitis following cataract surgery, secondary to Ochrobactrum anthropi that was found to be resistant to vancomycin.FINDINGS: Anterior chamber paracentesis cultures grew gram negative bacilli Ochrobactru
PMID 27421273

Controversies in intraocular lens implantation in pediatric uveitis.

Phatak S1, Lowder C2, Pavesio C3,4.
Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection.J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect.2016 Dec;6(1):12. doi: 10.1186/s12348-016-0079-y. Epub 2016 Mar 24.
Cataract is one of the most common and visually debilitating complications of pediatric uveitis. It develops as a consequence of chronic inflammation and steroid use and is seen most often in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)-associated uveitis. Cataract extraction with intraocular lens (IOL) inse
PMID 27009616

Femoral cam deformity due to anterior capsular force: A theoretical model with MRI and cadaveric correlation.

Lee CB1, Spencer HT2, Nygaard KF1.
Journal of orthopaedics.J Orthop.2016 Jul 5;13(4):331-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jor.2016.06.012. eCollection 2016.
BACKGROUND: Cam deformity is associated with epiphyseal extension onto the anterosuperior femoral head-neck before physeal closure. A century ago, anatomists speculated that this femoral prominence acts as a pulley bar to withstand capsular compression in hip extension with pressure concentrated whe
PMID 27418747

Effects of solution conditions on characteristics and size exclusion chromatography of pneumococcal polysaccharides and conjugate vaccines.

Hadidi M1, Buckley JJ2, Zydney AL3.
Carbohydrate polymers.Carbohydr Polym.2016 Nov 5;152:12-8. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.06.095. Epub 2016 Jun 25.
Molecular properties of bacterial polysaccharides and protein-polysaccharide conjugates play an important role in the efficiency and immunogenicity of the final vaccine product. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is commonly used to analyze and characterize biopolymers, including capsular polysacch
PMID 27516244

Japanese Journal

審美観の変容と企業者活動 : ダウ・コーニング社の事例

京都マネジメント・レビュー (29), 107-136, 2016-09
NAID 40020983142

CLINICAL INVESTIGATION : Posterior capsular opacification in highly myopic eyes with an endocapsular equator ring

Japanese journal of ophthalmology : the official international journal of the Japanese Ophthalmological Society 60(5), 373-376, 2016-09
NAID 40020935443