WordNet

aerate (sewage) so as to favor the growth of organisms that decompose organic matter (同)aerate
make (substances) radioactive
make active or more active; "activate an old file"
make more adsorptive; "activate a metal"
rendered active; e.g. rendered radioactive or luminescent or photosensitive or conductive
(of e.g. a molecule) made reactive or more reactive (同)excited
(military) set up and placed on active assignment; "a newly activated unit"
(of sewage) treated with aeration and bacteria to aid decomposition
an agranulocytic leukocyte that normally makes up a quarter of the white blood cell count but increases in the presence of infection (同)lymph cell
derived from organisms of the selfsame individual; "autologous blood donation"

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…'を'活動的にする / …‘に'放射能を与える / 〈物質〉'を'活性化する

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1. BおよびTリンパ球の正常な発生 normal b and t lymphocyte development
2. Approach to the child with lymphocytosis or lymphocytopenia
3. 造血細胞移植後の再発の予防および治療のための免疫療法 immunotherapy for the prevention and treatment of relapse following hematopoietic cell transplantation
4. 複合免疫不全 combined immunodeficiencies
5. 大顆粒T細胞リンパ球性白血病の臨床症状、病理学的特徴、および診断 clinical manifestations pathologic features and diagnosis of t cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia

English Journal

Lentivirus-activated T regulatory cells suppress T helper cell interleukin-2 production by inhibiting nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 binding to the interleukin-2 promoter.

Meng L, Tompkins M, Miller M, Fogle J.Author information Immunology Program, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine , Raleigh, North Carolina.AbstractAbstract Using the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) model for AIDS lentivirus infection, we previously demonstrated that Treg cells from FIV-infected cats up-regulate membrane-associated tumor growth factor beta (mTGF-ß) during the course of infection and that activated T lymphocytes up-regulate TGF-ß receptor II (TGF-ßRII) during the course of infection. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that autologous coculture of Tregs with Th cells from FIV-infected cats leads to suppression of interleukin (IL)-2 production and loss of proliferation in a TGF-ß-dependent fashion. Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) 2 has been identified as integral to effector Th cell maturation and function by promoting IL-2 transcription. Therefore, we questioned whether NFAT2 expression might be altered by TGF-β signaling. Feline NFAT2 exon sequences were identified based upon sequence homology to human and murine NFAT2. Following stimulation, IL-2 and NFAT2 mRNA levels were similarly increased in both FIV(-) and FIV(+) cats. Activated CD4(+)CD25(-) cells from both FIV(-) and FIV(+) cats cocultured with autologous CD4(+)CD25(+) cells or treated with TGF-β demonstrated decreased IL-2 production; however, NFAT2 mRNA levels were unaffected. Although NFAT2 mRNA levels were unaffected, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) for NFAT2 indicated decreased NFAT2 binding at the IL-2 promoter in suppressed Th cells. These data suggest that TGF-β-mediated Treg cell suppression of IL-2 transcription is modulated through alterations in NFAT2 binding to the IL-2 promoter.
AIDS research and human retroviruses.AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses.2014 Jan;30(1):58-66. doi: 10.1089/AID.2013.0062. Epub 2013 Aug 30.
Abstract Using the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) model for AIDS lentivirus infection, we previously demonstrated that Treg cells from FIV-infected cats up-regulate membrane-associated tumor growth factor beta (mTGF-ß) during the course of infection and that activated T lymphocytes up-regulate
PMID 23924068

CD137 Accurately Identifies and Enriches for Naturally Occurring Tumor-Reactive T Cells in Tumor.

Ye Q, Song DG, Poussin M, Yamamoto T, Best A, Li C, Coukos G, Powell DJ Jr.Author information Authors' Affiliations: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ovarian Cancer Research Center; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.AbstractPURPOSE: Upregulation of CD137 (4-1BB) on recently activated CD8(+) T cells has been used to identify rare viral or tumor antigen-specific T cells from peripheral blood. Here, we evaluated the immunobiology of CD137 in human cancer and the utility of a CD137-positive separation methodology for the identification and enrichment of fresh tumor-reactive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) or tumor-associated lymphocytes (TAL) from ascites for use in adoptive immunotherapy.
Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.Clin Cancer Res.2014 Jan 1;20(1):44-55. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-0945. Epub 2013 Sep 17.
PURPOSE: Upregulation of CD137 (4-1BB) on recently activated CD8(+) T cells has been used to identify rare viral or tumor antigen-specific T cells from peripheral blood. Here, we evaluated the immunobiology of CD137 in human cancer and the utility of a CD137-positive separation methodology for the i
PMID 24045181

In vivo targeting of adoptively transferred T-cells with antibody- and cytokine-conjugated liposomes.

Zheng Y, Stephan MT, Gai SA, Abraham W, Shearer A, Irvine DJ.Author information Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, USA.AbstractIn adoptive cell therapy (ACT), autologous tumor-specific T-cells isolated from cancer patients are activated and expanded ex vivo, then infused back into the individual to eliminate metastatic tumors. A major limitation of this promising approach is the rapid loss of ACT T-cell effector function in vivo due to the highly immunosuppressive environment in tumors. Protection of T-cells from immunosuppressive signals can be achieved by systemic administration of supporting adjuvant drugs such as interleukins, chemotherapy, and other immunomodulators, but these adjuvant treatments are often accompanied by serious toxicities and may still fail to optimally stimulate lymphocytes in all tumor and lymphoid compartments. Here we propose a novel strategy to repeatedly stimulate or track ACT T-cells, using cytokines or ACT-cell-specific antibodies as ligands to target PEGylated liposomes to transferred T-cells in vivo. Using F(ab')2 fragments against a unique cell surface antigen on ACT cells (Thy1.1) or an engineered interleukin-2 (IL-2) molecule on an Fc framework as targeting ligands, we demonstrate that >95% of ACT cells can be conjugated with liposomes following a single injection in vivo. Further, we show that IL-2-conjugated liposomes both target ACT cells and are capable of inducing repeated waves of ACT T-cell proliferation in tumor-bearing mice. These results demonstrate the feasibility of repeated functional targeting of T-cells in vivo, which will enable delivery of imaging contrast agents, immunomodulators, or chemotherapy agents in adoptive cell therapy regimens.
Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.J Control Release.2013 Dec 10;172(2):426-35. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.05.037. Epub 2013 Jun 11.
In adoptive cell therapy (ACT), autologous tumor-specific T-cells isolated from cancer patients are activated and expanded ex vivo, then infused back into the individual to eliminate metastatic tumors. A major limitation of this promising approach is the rapid loss of ACT T-cell effector function in
PMID 23770010