WordNet

the way two individuals relate to each other; "their chemistry was wrong from the beginning -- they hated each other"; "a mysterious alchemy brought them together" (同)interpersonal chemistry, alchemy
the chemical composition and properties of a substance or object; "the chemistry of soil"
the science of matter; the branch of the natural sciences dealing with the composition of substances and their properties and reactions (同)chemical science
relating to or used in or promoting agriculture or farming; "agricultural engineering"; "modern agricultural (or farming) methods"; "agricultural (or farm) equipment"; "an agricultural college"
a scientist who specializes in chemistry

PrepTutorEJDIC

『化学』 / 化学的性質,化学反応,化学作用
『農業の』,農耕の;農学[上]の
『化学者』 / 《英》=pharmacist

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/03/27 19:05:11」(JST)

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Agricultural chemistry is the study of both chemistry and biochemistry which are important in agricultural production, the processing of raw products into foods and beverages, and in environmental monitoring and remediation. These studies emphasize the relationships between plants, animals and bacteria and their environment. The science of chemical compositions and changes involved in the production, protection, and use of crops and livestock. As a basic science, it embraces, in addition to test-tube chemistry, all the life processes through which humans obtain food and fiber for themselves and feed for their animals. As an applied science or technology, it is directed toward control of those processes to increase yields, improve quality, and reduce costs. One important branch of it, chemurgy, is concerned chiefly with utilization of agricultural products as chemical raw materials.

The goals of agricultural chemistry are to expand understanding of the causes and effects of biochemical reactions related to plant and animal growth, to reveal opportunities for controlling those reactions, and to develop chemical products that will provide the desired assistance or control. Every scientific discipline that contributes to agricultural progress depends in some way on chemistry. Hence agricultural chemistry is not a distinct discipline, but a common thread that ties together genetics, physiology, microbiology, entomology, and numerous other sciences that impinge on agriculture.

Chemical materials developed to assist in the production of food, feed, and fiber include scores of herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, and other pesticides, plant growth regulators, fertilizers, and animal feed supplements. Chief among these groups from the commercial point of view are manufactured fertilizers, synthetic pesticides (including herbicides), and supplements for feeds. The latter include both nutritional supplements (for example, mineral nutrients) and medicinal compounds for the prevention or control of disease.

Agricultural chemistry often aims at preserving or increasing the fertility of soil, maintaining or improving the agricultural yield, and improving the quality of the crop.

History

In 1761 Johan Gottschalk Wallerius publishes his pioneering work, Agriculturae fundamenta chemica (Åkerbrukets chemiska grunder).^[1]
In 1815 Humphry Davy publishes Elements of agricultural chemistry^[2]
In 1842 Justus von Liebig publishes Animal Chemistry or Organic Chemistry in its applications to Physiology and Pathology.^[3]^[4]
Jöns Jacob Berzelius publishes Traité de chimie minérale, végétale et animal (6 vols., 1845–50)^[5]
Jean-Baptiste Boussingault publishes Agronomie, chimie agricole, et physiologie (5 vols., 1860–1874; 2nd ed., 1884).
In 1868 Samuel William Johnson publishes How Crops Grow.^[6]
In 1870 S. W. Johnson publishes How Crops Feed: A treatise on the atmosphere and soil as related to the nutrition of agricultural plants.^[7]
In 1872 Karl Heinrich Ritthausen publishes Protein bodies in grains, legumes, and linseed. Contributions to the physiology of seeds for cultivation, nutrition, and fodder^[8]

Notes and references

^ Translated into French in 1766: Elémens d'agriculture physique et chymique at Google Books
^ Humphry Davy (1815) Elements of agricultural chemistry from Google Books.
^ Justus von Liebig (1842) Animal Chemistry or Organic Chemistry
^ Liebig (1847) Philadelphia edition
^ J. J. Berzelius Traite de chimie minerale, vegetale et animal from Bibliothèque nationale de France
^ Samuel William Johnson (1868) How Crops grow
^ S.W. Johnson (1870) How Crops Feed: A treatise on the atmosphere and soil as related to the nutrition of agricultural plants
^ Die Eiweisskörper der Getreidearten, Hülsenfrüchte und Ölsamen. Beiträge zur Physiologie der Samen der Kulturgewachese, der Nahrungs- und Futtermitel, Bonn, 1872

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Purification, antitumor activity in vitro of steroidal glycoalkaloids from black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.).

Ding X, Zhu F, Yang Y, Li M.SourceDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China. Electronic address: dingxia@njau.edu.cn.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2013 Nov 15;141(2):1181-6. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.03.062. Epub 2013 Mar 25.
Six steroidal glycoalkaloids (1-6) were isolated and purified from Solanum nigrum L. (SNL) by acid extraction and alkaline precipitation, various chromatographic techniques, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data. Antitumor activity, structure-activity and its molecular mechanism
PMID 23790901

Multiclass determination of phytochemicals in vegetables and fruits by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry.

Alarcón-Flores MI, Romero-González R, Vidal JL, Frenich AG.SourceGroup "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, E-04120 Almería, Spain.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2013 Nov 15;141(2):1120-9. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.03.100. Epub 2013 Apr 18.
In this study a simultaneous determination of several classes of phytochemicals (isoflavones, glucosinolates, flavones, flavonols and phenolic acids) in tomato, broccoli, carrot, eggplant and grape has been carried out by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectromet
PMID 23790894

The effects of phytic acid on the Maillard reaction and the formation of acrylamide.

Wang H, Zhou Y, Ma J, Zhou Y, Jiang H.SourceDepartment of Chemistry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2013 Nov 1;141(1):18-22. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.02.107. Epub 2013 Mar 7.
Phytic acid, myo-inositol hexaphosphoric acid, exists in substantial (1-5%) amounts in edible plant seeds. In this study the effects of phytic acid on the Maillard reaction and the formation of acrylamide were investigated. Both phytic acid and phosphate enhanced browning in glucose/β-alanine syste
PMID 23768320

Japanese Journal

ジャワ島の水汚染の背景としての農業と農村の水利用の実態─インドネシア・ボゴール県Petir村の事例─

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日本食品化学学会誌 21(1), 65-71, 2014-04-25
"Koshikon" (the roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon) and "Nanshikon" (the roots of Arnebia euchroma) have been used as natural dye and medicine. Interestingly, shikonins, the components of those speci …
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sesamin、asarinin (episesamin)の光学純度測定法の確立と細辛sesaminに光学異性体混在の証明

松本恵実,牧岡富広,山本諭志,柳瀬笑子,中塚進一
日本食品化学学会誌 21(1), 37-41, 2014-04-25
Asiasari Radix [roots and rhizomes of Asiasarum sieboldii F. Maekawa and Asiasarum heterotropoides F. Maekawa var. mandshuricum F. Maekawa (Aristolochiaceae)] is a traditional medicine. Sesamin and as …
NAID 110009810363