抗酸染色、抗酸染色法

WordNet

resistant to destruction or fading; "fast colors"
abstaining from food (同)fasting
securely fixed in place; "the post was still firm after being hit by the car" (同)firm, immobile
firmly or closely; "held fast to the rope"; "her foot was stuck fast"; "held tight" (同)tight
(of a photographic lens or emulsion) causing a shortening of exposure time; "a fast lens"
(of surfaces) conducive to rapid speeds; "a fast road"; "grass courts are faster than clay"
(used of timepieces) indicating a time ahead of or later than the correct time; "my watch is fast"
abstain from certain foods, as for religious or medical reasons; "Catholics sometimes fast during Lent"
abstain from eating; "Before the medical exam, you must fast"
acting or moving or capable of acting or moving quickly; "fast film"; "on the fast track in school"; "set a fast pace"; "a fast car"
at a rapid tempo; "the band played a fast fox trot"
quickly or rapidly (often used as a combining form); "how fast can he get here?"; "ran as fast as he could"; "needs medical help fast"; "fast-running rivers"; "fast-breaking news"; "fast-opening (or fast-closing) shutters"
(microscopy) a dye or other coloring material that is used in microscopy to make structures visible
color for microscopic study; "The laboratory worker dyed the specimen"
color with a liquid dye or tint; "Stain this table a beautiful walnut color"; "people knew how to stain glass a beautiful blue in the middle ages"
produce or leave stains; "Red wine stains the table cloth"
a soiled or discolored appearance; "the wine left a dark stain" (同)discoloration, discolouration
street name for lysergic acid diethylamide (同)back breaker, battery-acid, dose, dot, Elvis, loony toons, Lucy in the sky with diamonds, pane, superman, window pane, Zen
any of various water-soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt
having the characteristics of an acid; "an acid reaction"
marked or dyed or discolored with foreign matter; "a badly stained tablecloth"; "tear-stained cheeks"
having a coating of stain or varnish (同)varnished
the act of spotting or staining something (同)spotting, maculation
(histology) the use of a dye to color specimens for microscopic study

PrepTutorEJDIC

『速い』,急速な,すばやい,敏速な / (時計が)『進んでいる』 / 『しっかりした』,ぐらつかない / 心の変わらない,忠実な(faithful) / (色が)あせない / 《古》(女性が)身持ちの悪い;《まれに》(生活が)享楽的な / (フイルムが)高感度の,(レンズが)高速撮影用の / 『速く』;すばやく(quickly) / 『しっかりと』,固く(firmly) / 『ぐっすりと』(soundly) / どしどし,ひっきりなしに
断食(だんじき),絶食 / (宗教的行事としての)断食日,断食期間 / 断食する,絶食する / (…で)精進する《+『on』+『名』》
(…で)…‘を'『汚す』,‘に'しみをつける《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / 〈ガラス・木材・布など〉‘に'『着色する』 / (…で)〈人格・名声など〉‘を'汚す,‘に'傷をつける《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / 汚れる,しみがつく / 〈C〉〈U〉(…についた)『しみ』,汚れ《+『on』+『名』》 / 〈U〉〈C〉着色剤,染料 / 〈C〉(人格・名声などに対する)汚点,傷《+『on』(『upon』)+『名』》
酸性の / 酸味のある,すっぱい(sour) / (言葉・態度などが)厳しい,しんらつな / 酸 / すっぱいもの / 《俗》=LSD

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/05/23 10:20:56」(JST)

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis visualization using the Ziehl–Neelsen stain.

The Ziehl–Neelsen stain, also known as the acid-fast stain, was first described by two German doctors; Franz Ziehl (1859 to 1926), a bacteriologist and Friedrich Neelsen (1854 to 1898), a pathologist. It is a special bacteriological stain used to identify acid-fast organisms, mainly Mycobacteria. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the most important of this group, as it is responsible for the disease called tuberculosis (TB). Other important Mycobacterium species involved in human disease are Mycobacterium Kansasii, Mycobacterium Marinum, and members of the Mycobacterium Avium complex. Acid fast organisms like Mycobacterium, contain large amounts of lipid substances within their cell walls called mycolic acids. These acids, resist staining by ordinary methods like a Gram stain^[1]. It can also be used to stain a few other bacteria like Nocardia. The reagents used are Ziehl–Neelsen carbolfuchsin, acid alcohol and methylene blue. Acid-fast bacilli will be bright red after staining.

A variation on this staining method is used in mycology to differentially stain acid-fast incrustations in the cuticular hyphae of certain species of fungi in the genus Russula^[2]^[3]. It is also useful in the identification of some protozoa, namely Cryptosporidium and Isospora. The Ziehl-Neelsen stain can also hinder diagnosis in the case of Paragonimiasis, since the eggs in a ovum and parasite sputum sample, or "OnP", can be dissolved by the stain, and is often used in this clinical setting as signs and symptoms of Paragonimiasis closely resemble those of TB.

Procedure

Drop suspension onto slide
Air dry slide 10 minutes at 60 degrees C, heat fix slide 10 minutes at 90 degrees C
Flood slide with Carbol Fuchsin
Hold a flame beneath the slide until steam appears but do not allow it to boil
Allow hot slide to sit for 3-5 minutes, rinse with tap water
Flood slide with 30% hydrochloric acid in isopropol alcohol
Allow to sit 1 minute, rinse with tap water
Flood slide with Methylene Blue
Allow to sit 1 minute, rinse with tap water
Blot dry
View under oil immersion lens

Studies have shown that an AFB stain without a culture has a poor negative predictive value. An AFB Culture should be performed along with an AFB stain; this has a much higher negative predictive value.

Modifications

5% sulfuric acid is used for destaining Mycobacterium leprae instead of the 20% used for Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Kinyoun modification (or cold Ziehl–Neelsen technique) is also available.
A protocol in which a detergent is substituted for the highly toxic phenol in the fuchsin staining solution.^[4]

References

"Microbiology with Diseases by Body System", Robert W. Bauman, 2009, Pearson Education, Inc.
Morello, Josephine A., Paul A. Granato, Marion E. Wilson, and Verna Morton. Laboratory Manual and Workbook in Microbiology: Applications to Patient Car. 10th ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2006. Print.

Online protocol examples

Ziehl–Neelsen protocol (PDF format).

References

^ Morello, Josephine A., Paul A. Granato, Marion E. Wilson, and Verna Morton. Laboratory Manual and Workbook in Microbiology: Applications to Patient Care. 10th ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2006. Print.
^ Romagnesi, H. (1967). Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord. Bordas. ISBN 0-934454-87-6.
^ Largent, D; D Johnson, R Watling. (1977). How to identify fungi to genus III: microscopic features. Mad River Press. ISBN 0-916422-09-7. p 25.
^ Ellis, RC; LA Zabrowarny. (1993). "Safer staining method for acid fast bacilli". Journal of Clinical Pathology 46: 559–560. doi:10.1136/jcp.46.6.559. PMC 501296. PMID 7687254. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC501296/pdf/jclinpath00207-0071.pdf.

External links

Media related to Ziehl-Neelsen stain at Wikimedia Commons

UpToDate Contents

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1. 結核の微生物学および病因 microbiology and pathogenesis of tuberculosis
2. ノカルジア症の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of nocardiosis
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4. 非結核性抗酸菌の微生物学 microbiology of nontuberculous mycobacteria
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English Journal

Immunocytochemical detection of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis complex specific antigen, MPT64, improves diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis and tuberculous pleuritis.

Tadele A, Beyene D, Hussein J, Gemechu T, Birhanu A, Mustafa T, Tsegaye A, Aseffa A, Sviland L.
BMC infectious diseases.BMC Infect Dis.2014 Nov 25;14(1):585. [Epub ahead of print]
BackgroundA rapid, sensitive and accurate laboratory diagnosis is of prime importance in suspected extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) cases. However, traditional techniques for the detection of acid-fast bacilli have limitations. The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of immunocyt
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Incidence and aetiologies of pulmonary granulomatous inflammation: A decade of experience.

Nazarullah A1, Nilson R, Maselli DJ, Jagirdar J.
Respirology (Carlton, Vic.).Respirology.2014 Oct 29. doi: 10.1111/resp.12410. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Granulomatous lung disease (GLD) is caused by a wide range of conditions. Often there is a need to correlate pathological findings with clinical, microbiological or radiological data to determine an aetiology. The aim of this study was to determine the different aetiologies
PMID 25351289

Tuberculous sternal osteomyelitis.

Cataño JC1, Galeano D2, Botero JC2.
The American journal of emergency medicine.Am J Emerg Med.2014 Oct;32(10):1302.e1-2. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2014.03.048. Epub 2014 Apr 4.
A 32-year-old female patient with systemic lupus erythematosus presented with 1 month of nocturnal subjective fevers, night sweats, poor appetite, malaise, 8-kg weight loss, and a 6-cm painful sternal mass. She had normal vital signs with a physical examination notable only for the presence of a flu
PMID 24792934

Japanese Journal

ミクロネシア出身米軍兵に発症した LL 型ハンセン病の 1 例

仲村郁心,山口さやか,苅谷嘉之,眞鳥繁隆,平良清人,山本雄一,高橋健造,上里博
西日本皮膚科 75(4), 326-330, 2013
ミクロネシア連邦出身の 28 歳の男性。沖縄在住の米軍兵士である。約 2 ヵ月前から四肢に自覚症状を欠く淡紅色から紫紅色の小豆～大豆大の結節性病変が出現し，徐々に全身へ拡大した。皮膚組織像では，真皮全層に空胞状ないし泡沫状の組織球がびまん性で密に浸潤し肉芽腫を形成していた。表皮と肉芽腫との間には僅かながら subepidermal clear zone がみられた。Fite 染色では赤色に染まる桿 …
NAID 130004475539

A Case Report of Mycotic Aneurysm Following Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Instillation Therapy for Bladder Cancer

喜岡幸央,田邊敦,栗山充仁
日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌 41(6), 312-315, 2012
… Ziehl-Neelsen stain and mycobacterial culture were positive for acid-fast bacilli, which was identified as BCG (Tokyo 172). … The pathological diagnosis was infectious aneurysm with sclerosis and epithelioid granuloma, however, acid-fast stain and culture were negative. …
NAID 130004548415

A First Report of Rothia aeria Endocarditis Complicated by Cerebral Hemorrhage

Tarumoto Norihito,Sujino Keisuke,Yamaguchi Toshiyuki,Umeyama Takashi,Ohno Hideaki,Miyazaki Yoshitsugu,Maesaki Shigefumi
Internal Medicine 51(23), 3295-3299, 2012
We herein report the first case of infective endocarditis attributable to Rothia aeria, which had a fatal outcome after cerebral hemorrhagic infarction and was not susceptible to vancomycin. If Gram-p …
NAID 130003308145