同: wall motion abnormality, 壁運動異常

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the 23rd letter of the Roman alphabet (同)w, double-u

PrepTutorEJDIC

Watt / West; Western
wolfram(=tungsten)の原子記号

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/10/26 21:29:33」(JST)

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English Journal

Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings and the Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Recent Myocardial Infarction or Suspected or Known Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review of Prognostic Studies.

El Aidi H1, Adams A2, Moons KG3, Den Ruijter HM4, Mali WP2, Doevendans PA5, Nagel E6, Schalla S7, Bots ML3, Leiner T2.Author information 1Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. Electronic address: h.elaidi@umcutrecht.nl.2Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.3Julius Center of Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.4Julius Center of Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.5Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.6Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom.7Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.AbstractThe goal of this study was to review the prognostic value of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging findings for future cardiovascular events in patients with a recent myocardial infarction (MI) and patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease (CAD). Although the diagnostic value of CMR findings is established, the independent prognostic association with future cardiovascular events remains largely unclear. Studies published by February 2013, identified by systematic MEDLINE and EMBASE searches, were reviewed for associations between CMR findings (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF], wall motion abnormalities [WMA], abnormal myocardial perfusion, microvascular obstruction, late gadolinium enhancement, edema, and intramyocardial hemorrhage) and hard events (all-cause mortality, cardiac death, cardiac transplantation, and MI) or major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (hard events and other cardiovascular events defined by the authors of the evaluated papers). Fifty-six studies (n = 25,497) were evaluated. For patients with recent MI, too few patients were evaluated to establish associations between CMR findings and hard events. LVEF (range of adjusted hazard ratios [HRs]: 1.03 to 1.05 per % decrease) was independently associated with MACE. In patients with suspected or known CAD, WMA (adjusted HRs: 1.87 to 2.99), inducible perfusion defects (adjusted HRs: 3.02 to 7.77), LVEF (adjusted HRs: 0.72 to 0.82 per 10% increase), and infarction (adjusted HRs: 2.82 to 9.43) were independently associated with hard events, and the presence of inducible perfusion defects was associated with MACE (adjusted HRs: 1.76 to 3.21). The independent predictor of future cardiovascular events for patients with a recent MI was LVEF, and the predictors for patients with suspected or known CAD were WMA, inducible perfusion defects, LVEF, and presence of infarction.
Journal of the American College of Cardiology.J Am Coll Cardiol.2014 Mar 25;63(11):1031-1045. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.048. Epub 2014 Jan 30.
The goal of this study was to review the prognostic value of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging findings for future cardiovascular events in patients with a recent myocardial infarction (MI) and patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease (CAD). Although the diagnostic value of CM
PMID 24486280

The effect of hyperglycaemia on permeability and the expression of junctional complex molecules in human retinal and choroidal endothelial cells.

Saker S1, Stewart EA2, Browning AC3, Allen CL4, Amoaku WM5.Author information 1University of Nottingham, Academic Ophthalmology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, B Floor, Eye and ENT Building, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK. Electronic address: msxss1@nottingham.ac.uk.2University of Nottingham, Academic Ophthalmology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, B Floor, Eye and ENT Building, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK. Electronic address: Elizabeth.stewart@nottingham.ac.uk.3University of Nottingham, Academic Ophthalmology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, B Floor, Eye and ENT Building, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK. Electronic address: Andrew.Browning@nuth.nhs.uk.4University of Nottingham, Academic Ophthalmology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, B Floor, Eye and ENT Building, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK. Electronic address: Claire.allen@nottingham.ac.uk.5University of Nottingham, Academic Ophthalmology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, B Floor, Eye and ENT Building, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK. Electronic address: wma@nottingham.ac.uk.AbstractDiabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of preventable blindness in the working population and its prevalence continues to increase as the worldwide prevalence of diabetes grows. Diabetic choroidopathy is less well studied and occurs in the late stages of diabetic eye disease. The main cause of visual loss in diabetic eye disease is diabetic macular oedema caused by an increase in microvascular endothelial permeability. Endothelial cell permeability is influenced by multiple factors which have not been fully elucidated, particularly in human models. In addition, the gene and protein expression between retinal and choroidal endothelial cells, even in humans, has been shown to be heterogeneous. The aim of this project was to determine, in vitro, the effect of high glucose (25 mM) on human paracellular permeability in retinal and choroidal endothelial cells. The expression of selected tight junction molecules (Occludin, Claudin-5, JAM-A and JAM-C) and adheren junction (VE-Cadherin) molecules was also compared between retinal and choroidal endothelial cells and with high glucose. High glucose conditions significantly increased the permeability in both retinal and choroidal endothelial cells monolayers although the increase was higher in retinal endothelial cells. Under normal glucose culture conditions microarray analysis determined that occludin and claudin-5 gene expression was higher in retinal endothelial cells than choroidal endothelial cells, and western blotting indicated that claudin-5 protein expression was also higher in retinal endothelial cells whilst JAM-A, and C and VE-Cadherin levels were similar. In retinal endothelial cells exposed to high glucose claudin-5, occludin and JAM-A was found to be reduced, whereas the expression of VE-Cadherin and JAM-C was unchanged when evaluated with western blotting, immunofluorescence and qPCR. None of the proteins were significantly decreased by high glucose in choroidal endothelial cells. The increase in retinal endothelial cell permeability is likely caused by a decrease in selective tight junction protein expression, leading to increased paracellular permeability. This may indicate differences in junctional molecule regulation of permeability in retinal compared to choroidal endothelial cells.
Experimental eye research.Exp Eye Res.2014 Mar 2;121C:161-167. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.02.016. [Epub ahead of print]
Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of preventable blindness in the working population and its prevalence continues to increase as the worldwide prevalence of diabetes grows. Diabetic choroidopathy is less well studied and occurs in the late stages of diabetic eye disease. The main cause of vi
PMID 24594192

What can symbiont titres tell us about co-evolution of Wolbachia and their host?

Correa CC1, Ballard JW2.Author information 1School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia. Electronic address: cccorreao@gmail.com.2School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia. Electronic address: w.ballard@unsw.edu.au.AbstractThere is a long-standing prediction that associations with vertically transmitted symbionts evolve towards maximisation of host reproductive success, eventually leading to mutualist symbiosis and coadaptation. Under this scenario, the regulation of symbiont titres in host tissues would be expected to be greater when partners have coevolved for a long time than when they have recently met. Wolbachia pipientis, a common vertically transmitted symbiont of invertebrates, often has the capacity to spread through the host population without being beneficial to the hosts, by means of reducing the hatch rate in crosses between uninfected females and infected males. This manipulation, namely cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), may exert strong selection on the accuracy of infection transmission from mother to offspring, and therefore, on regulation of symbiont titres in the ova. Here, we examined the symbiont density dynamics in gonads of Drosophila simulans infected with the wMa strain of Wolbachia, known to cause mild CI and likely to be the oldest Wolbachia infection known to this fly species. Further, we compared these results with those obtained for the more recent association between D. simulans and the potent CI-inducer wHa (Correa and Ballard, 2012). We aimed to determine if the regulation of Wolbachia density in fly gonads is greater in the older association, as would be predicted solely by gradual coadaptation, or if the selection exerted by CI on reproductive fitness could also play a role, therefore showing tighter regulation on flies with the stronger CI-inducing strain. We observed that Wolbachia density in gonads of wMa infected flies changed with laboratory adaptation and were disturbed by environmental challenges, which contrasted with the stability of ovarian wHa density to the same treatments. Our observations are in line with the prediction that selection on reproductive fitness influences the evolution symbiont density regulation in Drosophila, and may provide insights into the evolutionary processes involved in the maintenance or loss of Wolbachia.
Journal of invertebrate pathology.J Invertebr Pathol.2014 Mar 1;118C:20-27. doi: 10.1016/j.jip.2014.02.009. [Epub ahead of print]
There is a long-standing prediction that associations with vertically transmitted symbionts evolve towards maximisation of host reproductive success, eventually leading to mutualist symbiosis and coadaptation. Under this scenario, the regulation of symbiont titres in host tissues would be expected t
PMID 24594301

Japanese Journal

低炭素社会に貢献する舗装技術に関する取組み (特集低炭素社会実現への取組み)

川上篤史,新田弘之,久保和幸
舗装 45(11), 10-15, 2010-11
NAID 40017371596

「WMAプラセボに関する会議2010」からみるプラセボをめぐる議論の今日的論点

石井正三
日本医師会雑誌 139(1), 121-123, 2010-04
NAID 40017050701

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