Krafft point

• クラフト点、Krafft点

WordNet

1. mark with diacritics; "point the letter"
2. a very small circular shape; "a row of points"; "draw lines between the dots" (同)dot
3. an instant of time; "at that point I had to leave" (同)point in time
4. repair the joints of bricks; "point a chimney" (同)repoint
5. a V shape; "the cannibals teeth were filed to sharp points" (同)tip, peak
6. a linear unit used to measure the size of type; approximately 1/72 inch
7. a style in speech or writing that arrests attention and has a penetrating or convincing quality or effect
8. one percent of the total principal of a loan; it is paid at the time the loan is made and is independent of the interest on the loan
9. the unit of counting in scoring a game or contest; "he scored 20 points in the first half"; "a touchdown counts 6 points"
10. the gun muzzles direction; "he held me up at the point of a gun" (同)gunpoint
11. the property of a shape that tapers to a sharp tip (同)pointedness
12. a wall socket (同)power_point
13. an outstanding characteristic; "his acting was one of the high points of the movie" (同)spot
14. a distinguishing or individuating characteristic; "he knows my bad points as well as my good points"
15. sharp end; "he stuck the point of the knife into a tree"; "he broke the point of his pencil"
16. a V-shaped mark at one end of an arrow pointer; "the point of the arrow was due north" (同)head
17. a brief version of the essential meaning of something; "get to the point"; "he missed the point of the joke"; "life has lost its point"
18. a geometric element that has position but no extension; "a point is defined by its coordinates"
19. a promontory extending out into a large body of water; "they sailed south around the point"
20. the object of an activity; "what is the point of discussing it?"
21. the precise location of something; a spatially limited location; "she walked to a point where she could survey the whole street"
22. be positionable in a specified manner; "The gun points with ease"
23. indicate the presence of (game) by standing and pointing with the muzzle; "the dog pointed the dead duck"
24. mark (a psalm text) to indicate the points at which the music changes
25. mark (Hebrew words) with diacritics
26. having a point
27. direct and obvious in meaning or reference; often unpleasant; "a pointed critique"; "a pointed allusion to what was going on"; "another pointed look in their direction"
28. Hawaiian dish of taro root pounded to a paste and often allowed to ferment

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈C〉(針・鉛筆・剣などの)『とがった先』,(…の)先端《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉岬(みさき) / 〈C〉(小数点・句読点などの)点 / 〈C〉(図形上の)点 / 〈C〉(ある特定の)『地点』(spot),場所(place) / 〈C〉(計器の目盛りなどの)『点』,『度』 / 〈C〉時点,瞬間 / 〈C〉《単数形で》(物語・議論などの)『要点』,核心《+『of』(『in』)+『名』》 / 〈U〉(…の)『目的』,『意義』,ねらっている点《+『of』(『in』)+『名』(do『ing』)》 / 〈C〉(全体の中の)個々の項目,細目(item),細部(detail) / 〈C〉特徴(characteristic),特質(trait) / 〈C〉(競技・学校の成績などの)得点 / 〈C〉ポイント(活字の大きさの単位;約1/72インチの大きさ) / (…に)〈銃・指など〉‘を'『向ける』《+『名』+『at』(『to, toward』)+『名』》 / …‘に'『指し示す』《point+名+to+名…に…をさし示す》 / …‘の'先をとがらせる,‘に'先を付ける / …‘に'点を打つ;…‘に'小数点を付ける;…‘に'句読点を付ける / 〈猟犬が〉〈獲物〉‘を'指し示す / (…を)(指などで)『示す』,指し示す《+『at』(『to, toward』)+『名』(do『ing』)》 / 〈猟犬が〉獲物の位置を示す
2. 『先のとがった』,鋭い / (皮肉など)痛烈な,しんらつな / (ある目標に)向けられた,(はっきりと特定の人に)向けられた,当てこすりの

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/12/03 17:52:43」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

The Krafft temperature (also known as Krafft point, or critical micelle temperature) is the minimum temperature at which surfactants form micelles. It is named after German chemist Friedrich Krafft. Below the Krafft temperature, there is no value for the critical micelle concentration (CMC), i.e., micelles cannot form. The Krafft temperature is a point of phase change below which the surfactant remains in crystalline form, even in aqueous solution. Visually the effect of going below the Krafft point is similar to that of going above the cloud point, with the solution becoming cloudy or opaque due to the surfactant molecules undergoing flocculation.

Surfactants in such a crystalline state will only solubilize and form micelles if another surfactant assists it in overcoming the forces that keep it crystallized, or if the temperature increases, thus causing entropy to have a stronger force and encouraging the crystalline structure to break apart.

Structural Effects

Surfactants are usually composed of a hydrocarbon chain and a polar head group.

Increasing the length of the hydrocarbon chain increases the Krafft temperature because it improves Van der Waals forces.

External links

• IUPAC Gold book - Krafft temperature

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 小児における腸重積症 intussusception in children
• 2. 肝線維症の非侵襲的評価：超音波エラストグラフィ noninvasive assessment of hepatic fibrosis ultrasound based elastography
• 3. ダーモスコピーによる皮膚癌の治療優先順位決定のアルゴリズム dermoscopic algorithms for skin cancer triage
• 4. 胸部超音波検査：適応、長所、および技術 thoracic ultrasound indications advantages and technique
• 5. 女性における筋筋膜性骨盤痛症候群の治療 treatment of myofascial pelvic pain syndrome in women

English Journal

• Passive marker tracking via phase-only cross correlation (POCC) for MR-guided needle interventions: initial in vivo experience.

• Krafft AJ, Zamecnik P, Maier F, de Oliveira A, Hallscheidt P, Schlemmer HP, Bock M.Author information Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. Electronic address: axel.krafft@stjude.org.AbstractPURPOSE: In this work, a passive tracking sequence employing a phase-only cross correlation (POCC) algorithm was studied with a focus on the in vivo applicability of the technique. Therefore, MR-guided needle interventions were performed in a phantom and two animal experiments.
• Physica medica : PM : an international journal devoted to the applications of physics to medicine and biology : official journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB).Phys Med.2013 Nov;29(6):607-14. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2012.09.002. Epub 2012 Oct 17.
• PURPOSE: In this work, a passive tracking sequence employing a phase-only cross correlation (POCC) algorithm was studied with a focus on the in vivo applicability of the technique. Therefore, MR-guided needle interventions were performed in a phantom and two animal experiments.METHODS: The targetin
• PMID 23084541

• Polyhedral vesicles with crystalline bilayers formed from catanionic surfactant mixtures of fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon amphiphiles.

• Zhang J, Xu G, Zhou Y, Zhou T, Zhai X.Author information Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, PR China.AbstractSalt-free catanionic mixtures of perfluorononanoic acid (C8F17COOH) and tetradecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (TTAOH) in aqueous solution show rich and interesting self-assembly properties. With the addition of TTAOH to a C8F17COOH solution, a structural transition from polyhedral vesicles with crystalline bilayers to spherical vesicles with fluid bilayers was observed at room temperature, which was demonstrated by cryo- and FF-TEM observations, DSC and WAXS measurements. It is interesting that both uni-lamellar and multi-lamellar polyhedral vesicles were formed in these fluoro- and hydrocarbon catanionic surfactant mixtures. SAXS measurements were performed to determine the interlamellar spacing of the multi-lamellar polyhedral vesicles. The driving force for the formation of the polyhedral vesicles was the crystallization of the C8F17COO(-) - TTA(+) ion pairs in the bilayers, which induced the excess anionic surfactants to be segregated and concentrated to produce the vertices of the polyhedral vesicles. Besides, the rheological results show that the rheological properties of the C8F17COOH/TTAOH system are greatly affected by the fluorocarbon chains due to their high rigidity and Krafft point. The solutions consisting of polyhedral vesicles have high viscoelasticity and high yield stress values while spherical vesicle solutions are not viscoelastic.
• Journal of colloid and interface science.J Colloid Interface Sci.2013 Oct 1;407:318-26. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.06.025. Epub 2013 Jun 27.
• Salt-free catanionic mixtures of perfluorononanoic acid (C8F17COOH) and tetradecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (TTAOH) in aqueous solution show rich and interesting self-assembly properties. With the addition of TTAOH to a C8F17COOH solution, a structural transition from polyhedral vesicles with crys
• PMID 23849823

• Thermodynamically stable vesicle formation and vesicle-to-micelle transition of single-tailed anionic surfactant in water.

• Sakai T, Ikoshi R, Toshida N, Kagaya M.Author information Research and Development, Eco-Innovation Research, Kao Corporation, 1334, Minato, Wakayama-shi, Wakayama 640-8580, Japan. sakai.takaya@kao.co.jpAbstractThe aggregation behavior of sodium 3,6,9,12,15-pentaoxa-heptacosanoate (AEC4-Na) in aqueous solution with increase of the concentration at 25 °C was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, equilibrium surface tension, solubilization of an oil-soluble dye, steady-state fluorescence, dynamic light scattering, and freeze-fractured transmission electron microscopy. Vesicle formation of AEC4-Na preceded micelle formation below the critical micelle concentration (cmc). The vesicle-to-micelle transition was observed through a narrow concentration region above the cmc. The mean diameters of the vesicles and micelles were not affected by the concentration. All solutions over a wide range of concentrations were homogeneously transparent with a low Krafft point below 0 °C. These results indicate that the AEC4-Na vesicles have a thermodynamically stable structure. Vesicle formation may be caused by a pseudobinary mixed surfactant system composed of monomeric AEC4-Na and an acid soap that consists of a dimer complex formed between AEC4-Na and unneutralized AEC4-Na. The thermodynamic stability would then result from the inhibition of close intermolecular aggregation and flexibility of the molecular shape in the vesicles due to the oxyethylene units in AEC4-Na.
• The journal of physical chemistry. B.J Phys Chem B.2013 May 2;117(17):5081-9. doi: 10.1021/jp402314f. Epub 2013 Apr 18.
• The aggregation behavior of sodium 3,6,9,12,15-pentaoxa-heptacosanoate (AEC4-Na) in aqueous solution with increase of the concentration at 25 °C was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, equilibrium surface tension, solubilization of an oil-soluble dye, steady-state fluorescence, dy
• PMID 23560707

Japanese Journal

• Rheological Properties of Wormlike Micellar Solutions Being Available in Wide Temperature Range in Sucrose Palmitate Systems

• Journal of Oleo Science 58(6), 303-311, 2009
• NAID 130000126080

• The Excellent Water-Solubility of N-[3-(dimethyl-amino)propyl] docosanamide Chloride : The Most Eco-friendly Cationic Hair Conditioning Agent

• Journal of Oleo Science 57(10), 521-527, 2008
• NAID 130000055435

• 工業技術賞受賞論文 身体洗浄剤に使用される界面活性剤の開発と応用に関する研究--アルキルイミノジ酢酸塩に関する研究 (特集 〔第40回日本油化学会〕学会賞,工業技術賞,進歩賞に関わる総説)

• オレオサイエンス 6(12), 607-615, 2006
• NAID 40015197733

Related Links

• クラフト点（くらふとてん） ｜ Krafft point

クラフト点（くらふとてん） ｜ Krafft point イオン性活性剤は電解質の一種であるため、温度を増加させて行くと溶解度も少しずつ増加す るが、ある温度以上にすると溶解度を急激に増加させる。この急激に増加する温度をクラフト点と

• Krafft point

the temperature above which conjugated bile salts form polymolecular aggregates (micelles) of about 3 to 10 nm in diameter ... Look at other dictionaries: Krafft-Punkt — Der Krafft Punkt ist ein enger Temperaturbereich (Krafft ...

---

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「Krafft点」「クラフト点」
関連記事	「point」「pointing」

「Krafft点」

　　[★]

英

Krafft point

関

クラフト点

「クラフト点」

　　[★]

英

Krafft point

関

Krafft点

「point」

　　[★]

• vt.
• vi.

• 指さす、示す(at,to)
• (ある方向に)向いている(to,toward)
• 傾向にある(to)

• n.

関

dictate、direct、dot、indicate、indication、instruct、instruction、spot

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「pointing」

　　[★]

• n.

• とがり付け、ポインティング，照準，目地仕上，先付け