WordNet

(medicine) the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms and their multiplication which can lead to tissue damage and disease
(phonetics) the alteration of a speech sound under the influence of a neighboring sound
the pathological state resulting from the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms
(international law) illegality that taints or contaminates a ship or cargo rendering it liable to seizure
moral corruption or contamination; "ambitious men are led astray by an infection that is almost unavoidable"
an incident in which an infectious disease is transmitted (同)contagion, transmission

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉(病気の)伝染;感染 / 〈C〉伝染病

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1. 腸球菌感染症の治療 treatment of enterococcal infections
2. 腸球菌の微生物学 microbiology of enterococci
3. 腸球菌における抗菌薬耐性の機構 mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in enterococci
4. 固有弁心内膜炎の抗菌療法 antimicrobial therapy of native valve endocarditis
5. バンコマイシン耐性腸球菌の疫学、予防および管理 epidemiology prevention and control of vancomycin resistant enterococci

English Journal

Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 supplementation affects intestinal immune-associated gene expression in post-weaning piglets.

Siepert B1, Reinhardt N2, Kreuzer S3, Bondzio A4, Twardziok S5, Brockmann G3, Nöckler K6, Szabó I6, Janczyk P6, Pieper R7, Tedin K8.Author information 1Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany.2Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke Universität, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.3Breeding Biology and Molecular Genetics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany.4Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany.5Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Charité University Medicine, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany.6Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany.7Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 49, 14195 Berlin, Germany.8Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: karsten.tedin@fu-berlin.de.AbstractIn a Salmonella challenge study of weaned piglets supplemented with the probiotic Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 (SF68), we observed a delayed, post-infection proliferative response of purified blood mononuclear cell fractions towards Salmonella antigens. In order to clarify this observation, we examined the patterns of immune-associated gene expression in long-term feeding trials of both pre- and post-weaning piglets. Piglets supplemented with E. faecium NCIMB 10415 showed a post-weaning dysregulation in the expression patterns of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression in intestinal tissues and spleen. Piglets of the supplemented group showed significantly reduced levels of IL-8, IL-10 and the co-stimulatory molecule CD86 mRNA expression in ileal Peyer's patches. The expression of CTLA4, an inhibitor of T-cell activation/proliferation, showed similar levels of expression in all tissues examined, particularly in ileal Peyer's patches post-weaning where IL-8, IL-10 and CD86 transcript levels were significantly reduced relative to control animals. Blood serum cytokine protein levels showed elevated TGFβ in pre-weaning piglets which, together with IL-6, may have suppressed IFNγ production in the probiotic-fed animals. In a second Salmonella challenge study, post-weaning, E. faecium-fed animals showed significantly elevated levels of IL-8 gene expression in mesenteric lymph nodes, but reduced levels in the spleen. At early times post-infection, the probiotic-fed group showed similar levels of IL-10, CD86 and CTLA4 mRNA expression as the control animals in intestinal Peyer's Patches, despite high relative levels of IL-8 expression in mesenteric lymph nodes. The sum of the observations suggests that supplementation of pre-weaning piglets with E. faecium affects intestinal immune-associated gene expression, which is aggravated post-weaning when the animals receive increased levels of the probiotic in feed. We suggest the post-weaning reductions in gene expression may delay the host response to infections, and provide pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella with a "window of opportunity", leading to the increased bacterial loads and shedding observed in challenge trials. Possible mechanisms explaining these effects of E. faecium NCIMB 10415 are discussed.
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology.Vet Immunol Immunopathol.2014 Jan 15;157(1-2):65-77. doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.10.013. Epub 2013 Oct 28.
In a Salmonella challenge study of weaned piglets supplemented with the probiotic Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 (SF68), we observed a delayed, post-infection proliferative response of purified blood mononuclear cell fractions towards Salmonella antigens. In order to clarify this observation, we e
PMID 24246154

Daptomycin use in neutropenic patients with documented gram-positive infections.

Rolston KV, Besece D, Lamp KC, Yoon M, McConnell SA, White P.Author information Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA, krolston@mdanderson.org.AbstractPURPOSE: The goal of this study was to describe the outcomes associated with daptomycin treatment of documented gram-positive infections in patients with neutropenia.
Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer.Support Care Cancer.2014 Jan;22(1):7-14. doi: 10.1007/s00520-013-1947-8. Epub 2013 Aug 24.
PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to describe the outcomes associated with daptomycin treatment of documented gram-positive infections in patients with neutropenia.METHODS: All patients with neutropenia (≤500 cells/m(3)) and at least one documented gram-positive culture from 2006-2009 were ident
PMID 23975231