WordNet

the time after sunrise and before sunset while it is light outside; "the dawn turned night into day"; "it is easier to make the repairs in the daytime" (同)daytime, daylight
time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis; "two days later they left"; "they put on two performances every day"; "there are 30,000 passengers per day" (同)twenty-four hours, twenty-four hour period, 24-hour interval, solar day, mean solar day
a day assigned to a particular purpose or observance; "Mothers Day"
a period of opportunity; "he deserves his day in court"; "every dog has his day"
an era of existence or influence; "in the day of the dinosaurs"; "in the days of the Roman Empire"; "in the days of sailing ships"; "he was a successful pianist in his day"
some point or period in time; "it should arrive any day now"; "after that day she never trusted him again"; "those were the days"; "these days it is not unusual"
the period of time taken by a particular planet (e.g. Mars) to make a complete rotation on its axis; "how long is a day on Jupiter?"
the recurring hours when you are not sleeping (especially those when you are working); "my day began early this morning"; "it was a busy day on the stock exchange"; "she called it a day and went to bed"
something used to beautify (同)ornament, ornamentation
the act of decorating something (in the hope of making it more attractive)
an award for winning a championship or commemorating some other event (同)laurel wreath, medal, medallion, palm, ribbon
the 4th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)d
United States writer best known for his autobiographical works (1874-1935) (同)Clarence Day, Clarence Shepard Day Jr.

PrepTutorEJDIC

=Memorial Day
〈U〉〈C〉『昼間』,『日中』 / 〈C〉『1日』,1昼夜,日 / 〈C〉(労働や勉強の単位の)1日 / 〈C〉(物事が予定された)日・期日;《しばしばD-》祝日 / 〈C〉《しばしば複数形で》(過去・現在・未来いずれかの)『時代』;現代 / 〈C〉《しばしば複数形で》『一生』,生涯;《所有格の旧詞・代名詞とともに槻数形で》(…の)『全先宗代』,活動期 / 〈U〉《the ~》戦い,勝負
〈U〉『装飾』,飾りつけること / 〈C〉《複数形で》『装飾物』,飾りつけ / 〈C〉勲章
deuteriumの化学記号

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/02/02 20:17:29」(JST)

wiki en

Memorial Day is a federal holiday in the United States for remembering the people who died while serving in the country's armed forces.^[1] The holiday, which is observed every year on the last Monday of May,^[2] originated as Decoration Day after the American Civil War in 1868, when the Grand Army of the Republic, an organization of Union veterans founded in Decatur, Illinois — established it as a time for the nation to decorate the graves of the war dead with flowers.^[3] By the 20th century, competing Union and Confederate holiday traditions, celebrated on different days, had merged, and Memorial Day eventually extended to honor all Americans who died while in the military service.^[1] It typically marks the start of the summer vacation season, while Labor Day marks its end.

Many people visit cemeteries and memorials, particularly to honor those who have died in military service. Many volunteers place an American flag on each grave in national cemeteries.

Annual Decoration Days for particular cemeteries are held on a Sunday in late spring or early summer in some rural areas of the American South, notably in the mountain areas. In cases involving a family graveyard where remote ancestors as well as those who were deceased more recently are buried, this may take on the character of an extended family reunion to which some people travel hundreds of miles. People gather on the designated day and put flowers on graves and renew contacts with relatives and others. There often is a religious service and a picnic-like "dinner on the ground," the traditional term for a potluck meal in which people used to spread the dishes out on sheets or tablecloths on the grass. It is believed that this practice began before the American Civil War and thus may reflect the real origin of the "memorial day" idea.^[4]

Memorial Day is not to be confused with Veterans Day; Memorial Day is a day of remembering the men and women who died while serving, while Veterans Day celebrates the service of all U.S. military veterans.^[5]

Civil War Veterans in Ortonville, Minnesota, on the Fourth of July, 1880—also called "Decoration Day" prior to the Uniform Monday Holiday Act almost a century later.

1 History of the holiday
- 1.1 In the North
- 1.2 In the South
- 1.3 At Gettysburg
2 Name and date
3 Traditional observance
- 3.1 Poppies
4 Interpretations
5 In film, literature, and music
- 5.1 Films
- 5.2 Music
- 5.3 Poetry
6 Observance dates 1971–2099
7 See also
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links

History of the holiday

The practice of decorating soldiers' graves with flowers is an ancient custom.^[6] Soldiers' graves were decorated in the U.S. before^[7] and during the American Civil War. A claim was made in 1906 that the first Civil War soldier's grave ever decorated was in Warrenton, Virginia, on June 3, 1861, implying the first Memorial Day occurred there.^[8] Though not for Union soldiers, there is authentic documentation that women in Savannah, Georgia, decorated Confederate soldiers' graves in 1862.^[9] In 1863, the cemetery dedication at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, was a ceremony of commemoration at the graves of dead soldiers. Local historians in Boalsburg, Pennsylvania, claim that ladies there decorated soldiers' graves on July 4, 1864.^[10] As a result, Boalsburg promotes itself as the birthplace of Memorial Day.^[11]

Following President Abraham Lincoln's assassination in April 1865, there were a variety of events of commemoration. The sheer number of soldiers of both sides who died in the Civil War, more than 600,000, meant that burial and memorialization took on new cultural significance. Under the leadership of women during the war, an increasingly formal practice of decorating graves had taken shape. In 1865, the federal government began creating national military cemeteries for the Union war dead.^[12]

The first widely publicized observance of a Memorial Day-type observance after the Civil War was in Charleston, South Carolina, on May 1, 1865. During the war, Union soldiers who were prisoners of war had been held at the Hampton Park Race Course in Charleston; at least 257 Union prisoners died there and were hastily buried in unmarked graves.^[13] Together with teachers and missionaries, black residents of Charleston organized a May Day ceremony in 1865, which was covered by the New York Tribune and other national papers. The freedmen cleaned up and landscaped the burial ground, building an enclosure and an arch labeled "Martyrs of the Race Course". Nearly 10,000 people, mostly freedmen, gathered on May 1 to commemorate the war dead. Involved were about 3,000 school children, newly enrolled in freedmen's schools, as well as mutual aid societies, Union troops, black ministers and white northern missionaries. Most brought flowers to lay on the burial field.

David W. Blight described the day:

This was the first Memorial Day. African Americans invented Memorial Day in Charleston, South Carolina. What you have there is black Americans recently freed from slavery announcing to the world with their flowers, their feet, and their songs what the war had been about. What they basically were creating was the Independence Day of a Second American Revolution.^[14]

However, Blight stated he "has no evidence" that this event in Charleston inspired the establishment of Memorial Day across the country.^[15]

On May 26, 1966, President Johnson signed a presidential proclamation naming Waterloo, New York, as the birthplace of Memorial Day. Earlier, the 89th Congress had adopted House Concurrent Resolution 587, which officially recognized that the patriotic tradition of observing Memorial Day began one hundred years prior in Waterloo, New York.^[16] Other communities claiming to be the birthplace of Memorial Day include Boalsburg, Pennsylvania, Carbondale, Illinois, Columbus, Georgia, and Columbus, Mississippi.^[17] A recent study investigating the Waterloo claim as well as dozens of other origination theories concludes that nearly all of them are apocryphal legends.^[18]

In the North

The Tomb of the Unknowns located in Arlington National Cemetery

Copying an idea that began in the Southern states,^[19] on May 5, 1868, in his capacity as commander-in-chief of the Grand Army of the Republic, the veterans' organization for Union Civil War veterans, General John A. Logan issued a proclamation calling for "Decoration Day" to be observed annually and nationwide.^[4] It was observed for the first time that year on Saturday May 30; the date was chosen because it was not the anniversary of any particular battle.^[20] According to the White House, the May 30 date was chosen as the optimal date for flowers to be in bloom.^[21]

Memorial Day, Boston by Henry Sandham

Memorial events were held in 183 cemeteries in 27 states in 1868, and 336 in 1869.^[22] The northern states quickly adopted the holiday. Michigan made "Decoration Day" an official state holiday in 1871 and by 1890, every northern state had followed suit. The ceremonies were sponsored by the Women's Relief Corps, the women's auxiliary of the Grand Army of the Republic (GAR), which had 100,000 members. By 1870, the remains of nearly 300,000 Union dead had been reinterred in 73 national cemeteries, located near major battlefields and thus mainly in the South. The most famous are Gettysburg National Cemetery in Pennsylvania and Arlington National Cemetery, near Washington, D.C.^[23]

Memorial Day speeches became an occasion for veterans, politicians, and ministers to commemorate the War and, at first, to rehash the "atrocities" of the enemy. They mixed religion and celebratory nationalism and provided a means for the people to make sense of their history in terms of sacrifice for a better nation. People of all religious beliefs joined together and the point was often made that the German and Irish soldiers had become true Americans in the "baptism of blood" on the battlefield.^[24]

Ironton, Ohio, lays claim to the nation's oldest continuously running Memorial Day parade. Its first parade was held May 5, 1868, and the town has held it every year since; however, the Memorial Day parade in Doylestown, Pennsylvania, predates Ironton's by one year.^[25]

In the South

Confederate Memorial Monument in Montgomery, Alabama

An annual Memorial Day custom has been in practice in the South since 1866.^[26]^[27] The U.S. National Park Service, as well as numerous scholars, attribute its beginning to the ladies of Columbus, Georgia.^[18]^[28]^[29]^[30] Originally called "Memorial Day," the Southern commemoration appended the label "Confederate" to the title when northerners co-oped the holiday in 1868.^[31] The tradition of Memorial Day observance which had emerged earlier in the South was linked to the Lost Cause and served as the prototype for the national day of memory embraced by the nation in 1868.^[28]^[32] Historians acknowledge the Ladies Memorial Association played a key role in its development.^[33] Various dates ranging from April 25 to mid-June were adopted in different Southern states. Across the South, associations were founded, many by women, to establish and care for permanent cemeteries for the Confederate dead, organize commemorative ceremonies, and sponsor appropriate monuments as a permanent way of remembering the Confederate cause and sacrifice. The most important was the United Daughters of the Confederacy, which grew from 17,000 members in 1900 to nearly 100,000 women by World War I. They were "strikingly successful at raising money to build Confederate monuments, lobbying legislatures and Congress for the reburial of Confederate dead, and working to shape the content of history textbooks."^[34]

On April 25, 1866, women in Columbus, Mississippi laid flowers on the graves of both the Union and Confederate dead in the city's cemetery.^[35] The early Confederate Memorial Day celebrations were simple, somber occasions for veterans and their families to honor the dead and tend to local cemeteries. By 1890, there was a shift from the emphasis on honoring specific soldiers to a public commemoration of the lost Confederate cause.^[36] Changes in the ceremony's hymns and speeches reflect an evolution of the ritual into a symbol of cultural renewal and conservatism in the South. By 1913, Blight argues, the theme of American nationalism shared equal time with the Lost Cause.^[37]

At Gettysburg

Soldiers National Monument at the center of Gettysburg National Cemetery.

The ceremonies and Memorial Day address at Gettysburg National Park became nationally well known, starting in 1868. In July 1913, veterans of the United States and Confederate armies gathered in Gettysburg to commemorate the fifty-year anniversary of the Civil War's bloodiest and most famous battle.^[38]

The four-day "Blue-Gray Reunion" featured parades, re-enactments, and speeches from a host of dignitaries, including President Woodrow Wilson, the first Southerner elected to the White House after the War. James Heflin of Alabama gave the main address. Heflin was a noted orator; two of his best-known speeches were an endorsement of the Lincoln Memorial and his call to make Mother's Day a holiday. His choice as Memorial Day speaker was criticized, as he was opposed for his support of segregation; however, his speech was moderate in tone and stressed national unity and goodwill, gaining him praise from newspapers.

Since the cemetery dedication at Gettysburg occurred on November 19, that day (or the closest weekend) has been designated as their own local memorial day that is referred to as Remembrance Day.^[39]

Name and date

"On Decoration Day" Political cartoon c 1900. Caption: "You bet I'm goin' to be a soldier, too, like my Uncle David, when I grow up."

The preferred name for the holiday gradually changed from "Decoration Day" to "Memorial Day", which was first used in 1882.^[40] It did not become more common until after World War II, and was not declared the official name by Federal law until 1967.^[41] On June 28, 1968, the Congress passed the Uniform Monday Holiday Act, which moved four holidays, including Memorial Day, from their traditional dates to a specified Monday in order to create a convenient three-day weekend.^[42] The change moved Memorial Day from its traditional May 30 date to the last Monday in May. The law took effect at the federal level in 1971.^[42] After some initial confusion and unwillingness to comply, all 50 states adopted Congress' change of date within a few years.

Memorial Day endures as a holiday which most businesses observe because it marks the unofficial beginning of summer. The Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW) and Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War (SUVCW) advocate returning to the original date, although the significance of the date is tenuous. The VFW stated in a 2002 Memorial Day Address:

Changing the date merely to create three-day weekends has undermined the very meaning of the day. No doubt, this has contributed a lot to the general public's nonchalant observance of Memorial Day.^[43]

Starting in 1987 Hawaii's Senator Daniel Inouye, a World War II veteran, introduced a measure to return Memorial Day to its traditional date. Inouye continued introducing the resolution until his death in 2012.^[44]

Traditional observance

On Memorial Day, the flag of the United States is raised briskly to the top of the staff and then solemnly lowered to the half-staff position, where it remains only until noon.^[45] It is then raised to full-staff for the remainder of the day.^[46]

Memorial Day observances in small New England towns are often marked by dedications and remarks by veterans, state legislators, and selectmen

The half-staff position remembers the more than one million men and women who gave their lives in service of their country. At noon, their memory is raised by the living, who resolve not to let their sacrifice be in vain, but to rise up in their stead and continue the fight for liberty and justice for all.

The National Memorial Day Concert takes place on the west lawn of the United States Capitol.^[47] The concert is broadcast on PBS and NPR. Music is performed, and respect is paid to the men and women who gave their lives for their country.

For many Americans, the central event is attending one of the thousands of parades held on Memorial Day in large and small cities all over the country. Most of these feature marching bands and an overall military theme with the National Guard and other servicemen participating along with veterans and military vehicles from various wars.

One of the longest-standing traditions is the running of the Indianapolis 500, an auto race which has been held in conjunction with Memorial Day since 1911.^[48] It runs on the Sunday preceding the Memorial Day holiday. NASCAR's Coca-Cola 600 has been held later the same day since 1961. The Memorial Tournament golf event has been held on or close to the Memorial Day weekend since 1976.

In 2000, Congress passed the National Moment of Remembrance Act, asking people to stop and remember at 3:00 P.M.^[49]

Poppies

In 1915, following the Second Battle of Ypres, Lieutenant Colonel John McCrae, a physician with the Canadian Expeditionary Force, wrote the poem, "In Flanders Fields". Its opening lines refer to the fields of poppies that grew among the soldiers' graves in Flanders.

In 1918, inspired by the poem, YWCA worker Moina Michael attended a YWCA Overseas War Secretaries' conference wearing a silk poppy pinned to her coat and distributed over two dozen more to others present. In 1920, the National American Legion adopted it as their official symbol of remembrance.^[50]

Interpretations

Scholars,^[51]^[52]^[53]^[54] following the lead of sociologist Robert Bellah, often make the argument that the United States has a secular "civil religion" - one with no association with any religious denomination or viewpoint - that has incorporated Memorial Day as a sacred event. With the Civil War, a new theme of death, sacrifice and rebirth enters the civil religion. Memorial Day gave ritual expression to these themes, integrating the local community into a sense of nationalism. The American civil religion, in contrast to that of France, was never anticlerical or militantly secular; in contrast to Britain, it was not tied to a specific denomination, such as the Church of England. The Americans borrowed from different religious traditions so that the average American saw no conflict between the two, and deep levels of personal motivation were aligned with attaining national goals.^[55]

In film, literature, and music

Films

Memorial Day (2012) is a war film starring James Cromwell, Jonathan Bennett, and John Cromwell.

Music

Charles Ives's symphonic poem Decoration Day depicted the holiday as he experienced it in his childhood, with his father's band leading the way to the town cemetery, the playing of "Taps" on a trumpet, and a livelier march tune on the way back to the town. It is frequently played with three other Ives works based on holidays, as the second movement of A Symphony: New England Holidays.

Poetry

Poems commemorating Memorial Day include:

Michael Anania's "Memorial Day" (1994)^[56]
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's "Decoration Day" (1882) ^[57]
John McCrae's "In Flanders Fields" (May 3, 1915)

Observance dates 1971–2099

Year					Memorial Day
1971	1999	2027	2055	2083	May 31
1972	2000	2028	2056	2084	May 29
1973	2001	2029	2057	2085	May 28
1974	2002	2030	2058	2086	May 27
1975	2003	2031	2059	2087	May 26
1976	2004	2032	2060	2088	May 31
1977	2005	2033	2061	2089	May 30
1978	2006	2034	2062	2090	May 29
1979	2007	2035	2063	2091	May 28
1980	2008	2036	2064	2092	May 26
1981	2009	2037	2065	2093	May 25
1982	2010	2038	2066	2094	May 31
1983	2011	2039	2067	2095	May 30
1984	2012	2040	2068	2096	May 28
1985	2013	2041	2069	2097	May 27
1986	2014	2042	2070	2098	May 26
1987	2015	2043	2071	2099	May 25
1988	2016	2044	2072		May 30
1989	2017	2045	2073		May 29
1990	2018	2046	2074		May 28
1991	2019	2047	2075		May 27
1992	2020	2048	2076		May 25
1993	2021	2049	2077		May 31
1994	2022	2050	2078		May 30
1995	2023	2051	2079		May 29
1996	2024	2052	2080		May 27
1997	2025	2053	2081		May 26
1998	2026	2054	2082		May 25

References

^ ^a ^b "Memorial Day". United States Department of Veterans Affairs. Retrieved 2010-05-28.
^ 36 U.S.C. § 116
^ http://www1.va.gov/opa/speceven/memday/history.asp
^ ^a ^b Alan Jabbour; Karen Singer Jabbour (31 May 2010). Decoration Day in the Mountains: Traditions of Cemetery Decoration in the Southern Appalachians. Univ of North Carolina Press. p. 125. ISBN 978-0-8078-3397-1. Retrieved 28 May 2012.
^ Kickler, Sarah (2012-05-28). "Memorial Day vs. Veterans Day". baltimoresun.com. Retrieved 2014-04-07.
^ Mary L'Hommedieu Gardiner (1842). "The Ladies Garland". J. Libby. p. 296. Retrieved 2014-05-31.
^ In 1817, for example, a writer in the Analectic Magazine of Philadelphia urged the decoration of patriot's graves. E.J., "The Soldier's Grave," in The Analectic Magazine (1817), Vol. 10, 264.
^ "Times-Dispatch, 1906". Perseus.tufts.edu. 1906-07-15. Retrieved 2014-04-07.
^ ""A Beautiful Tribute," Savannah Republican, July 21, 1862". .uttyler.edu. Retrieved 2012-05-28.
^ "Sophie Keller Hall, in The Story of Our Regiment: A History of the 148th Pennsylvania Vols., ed. J. W. Muffly (Des Moines: The Kenyon Printing & Mfg. Co., 1904), quoted in editor's note, p. 45". Civilwarcenter.olemiss.edu. Retrieved 2012-05-28.
^ "Boalsburg.com". Boalsburg.com. 1997-03-26. Retrieved 2012-05-28.
^ Joan Waugh; Gary W. Gallagher (1 June 2009). Wars Within a War: Controversy and Conflict Over the American Civil War. Univ of North Carolina Press. p. 187. ISBN 978-0-8078-3275-2.
^ Blight, David W. Race and Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory (2001), ch. 3, "Decoration Days", pp. 67-70
^ Blight, David W. "Lecture: To Appomattox and Beyond: The End of the War and a Search for Meanings, Overview". Oyc.yale.edu. Retrieved 2014-05-31. Professor Blight closes his lecture with a description of the first Memorial Day, celebrated by African Americans in Charleston, SC 1865.
^ David Blight, cited by Campbell Robertson, "Birthplace of Memorial Day? That Depends Where You're From," New York Times, May 28, 2012 - Link is first of two web pages - Blight quote from 2nd web page: "He has called that the first Memorial Day, as it predated most of the other contenders, though he said he has no evidence that it led to General Logan's call for a national holiday."
^ Johnson, Lyndon. "Presidential Proclamation 3727". Retrieved 27 May 2013.
^ Robertson, "Birthplace of Memorial Day? That Depends Where You're From"
^ ^a ^b Daniel Bellware and Richard Gardiner, The Genesis of the Memorial Day Holiday in America (Columbus State University, 2014).
^ General John Logan, quoted by his wife. Books.google.com. Retrieved 2014-04-07.
^ Hennig Cohen; Tristram Potter Coffin (1991). The Folklore of American holidays. Gale Research. p. 215.
^ "Barack Obama, Weekly Address, May 29, 2010, transcript". Whitehouse.gov. 2010-05-29. Retrieved 2014-04-07.
^ Blight (2004), pp.99–100
^ "Interments in Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) National Cemeteries" (PDF). Washington, DC: National Cemetery Administration – Department of Veterans Affairs VA-NCA-IS-1. January 2011. After the Civil War, search and recovery teams visited hundreds of battlefields, churchyards, plantations and other locations seeking wartime interments that were made in haste. By 1870, the remains of nearly 300,000 Civil War dead were reinterred in 73 national cemeteries.
^ Samito, Christian G. (2009). Becoming American Under Fire: Irish Americans, African Americans, and the Politics of Citizenship During the Civil War Era. Cornell University Press. p. 126. ISBN 9780801448461. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
^ "Doylestown Hosts Oldest Memorial Day Parade in the Country". CBS News. 29 May 2011.
^ Mrs. Logan's Memoirs, p. 246. Books.google.com. Retrieved 2014-04-07.
^ New York Times, May 27, 2012
^ ^a ^b National Park Service, "Flowers For Jennie" Retrieved February 24, 2015
^ Gary Gallagher, The Myth of the Lost Cause and Civil War History, p. 190
^ Kristina Dunn Johnson, No Holier Spot of Ground, p. 33
^ Gardiner and Bellware, p. 87
^ Lucian Lamar Knight, "Memorial Day: Its True History". Books.google.com. Retrieved 2012-05-28.
^ Karen L. Cox (2003). Dixie's Daughters: The United Daughters of the Confederacy and the Preservation of Confederate Culture. Universbuttse Memorial Day.
^ Blight (2001), Race and Reunion, pp. 272-273
^ "Did You Know? Little known Mississippi Facts". US Genealogy Network. Retrieved 2010-05-28.
^ University of Michigan; EBSCO Publishing (Firm) (2000). America, history and life. Clio Press. p. 190.
^ David W. Blight (2001). Race and Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory. Harvard U.P. p. 265.
^ Warren Leon; Roy Rosenzweig (1 June 1989). History Museums in the United States: A Critical Assessment. University of Illinois Press. p. 140. ISBN 978-0-252-06064-9.
^ Glenn W. LaFantasie (1 March 2008). Gettysburg Heroes: Perfect Soldiers, Hallowed Ground. Indiana University Press. p. 46. ISBN 978-0-253-35071-8.
^ Henry Perkins Goddard; Calvin Goddard Zon (2008). The Good Fight That Didn't End: Henry P. Goddard's Accounts of Civil War and Peace. Univ of South Carolina Press. p. 285. ISBN 978-1-57003-772-6.
^ Alan Axelrod (1 June 2007). Miracle at Belleau Wood: The Birth of the Modern U.S. Marine Corps. Globe Pequot. p. 233. ISBN 978-1-59921-025-4.
^ ^a ^b "Public Law 90-363". Retrieved 2014-04-07.
^ Mechant, David (April 28, 2007). "Memorial Day History". Retrieved 2010-05-28.
^ E.g., 112th Congress (2011-2012), S.70
^ Peggy Post; Anna Post; Lizzie Post; Daniel Post Senning (15 November 2011). Emily Post's Etiquette, 18. HarperCollins. p. 165. ISBN 978-0-06-210127-3.
^ Congress (22 October 2009). United States Code, 2006, Supplement 1, January 4, 2007, to January 8, 2008. Government Printing Office. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-16-083512-4.
^ Kevin J. Carnahan (1 May 2004). Outdoor Escapes Washington, D.C.: A Four-Season Guide. Globe Pequot. p. 167. ISBN 978-0-7627-3056-8.
^ Alan Wilson (1 October 2011). Driven by Desire: The Desire Wilson Story. Veloce Publishing Ltd. p. 92. ISBN 978-1-84584-389-2.
^ Scott, Ryan (2015-05-24). "Memorial Day, 3 p.m.: Don't Forget". Forbes. Retrieved 2015-06-02.
^ "Where did the idea to sell poppies come from?". BBC News. 10 November 2006. Retrieved 2009-02-18.
^ William H. Swatos; Peter Kivisto (1998). Encyclopedia of Religion and Society. Rowman Altamira. pp. 49–50.
^ Marcela Cristi (2001). From Civil to Political Religion: The Intersection of Culture, Religion and Politics. Wilfrid Laurier U.P. pp. 48–53.
^ William M. Epstein (2002). American Policy Making: Welfare As Ritual. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 99.
^ Corwin E. Smidt; Lyman A. Kellstedt; James L. Guth (2009). The Oxford Handbook of Religion and American Politics. Oxford Handbooks Online. pp. 142–3.
^ Robert N. Bellah, "Civil Religion in America", Daedalus 1967 96(1): 1–21.
^ Anania, Michael (1994). "Memorial Day". PoetryFoundation.
^ Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth. "Memorial Day". The Atlantic.

External links

36 USC 116. Memorial Day (designation law)
United States Department of Veterans Affairs
In Memory of Our Honored Dead, US Memorial Day
National Moment of Remembrance Home Page
National Memorial Day Museum website
National Memorial Day Concert site
The History of Memorial Day

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Human cell.Hum Cell.2015 Apr;28(2):73-80. doi: 10.1007/s13577-013-0087-2. Epub 2014 Dec 4.
The objective of the study was to explore the influence of junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM-A) gene decoration on proliferation and differentiation of human epidermal stem cells (hEpSCs). JAM-A gene and JAM-A interference gene lentivirus eukaryotic expression vectors were established. The recombi
PMID 25471296

Moonlighting microtubule-associated proteins: regulatory functions by day and pathological functions at night.

Oláh J1, Tőkési N, Lehotzky A, Orosz F, Ovádi J.
Cytoskeleton (Hoboken, N.J.).Cytoskeleton (Hoboken).2013 Nov;70(11):677-85. doi: 10.1002/cm.21137. Epub 2013 Oct 2.
The sensing, integrating, and coordinating features of the eukaryotic cells are achieved by the complex ultrastructural arrays and multifarious functions of the cytoskeletal network. Cytoskeleton comprises fibrous protein networks of microtubules, actin, and intermediate filaments. These filamentous
PMID 24039085

Japanese Journal

「暮らしの中で逝く」こと:ホームホスピスの実践から

市原美穂
医療と社会 25(1), 97-109, 2015
「どこで」「どのように」「誰に看取ってもらいたいですか」この３つの問いかけを，地域への出前講座で必ず尋ねる。８割の方が「それはやはり自宅でしょう。家族に看取ってもらいたいけど，そうはいってもそれは無理でしょう」と答える。日本の年間死亡者数は団塊世代が75歳になる2025年には今より約40万人増え160万になると推計されている。医学の進歩によってもたらされた長寿社会は，何らかの支援を受けて生活をしな …
NAID 130005069625

金字經の思想的系譜 : 中國六朝期から日本平安期まで

村田みお
東方学報 = Journal of Oriental studies 88, 151-187, 2013-12
… In the 550's, worrying about the Latter Day of the Law 末法, Nanyue Huisi 南嶽彗思 made golden manuscripts of the Perfection of Transcendent Wisdom and the Lotus sutra 妙法蓮華經. … In the 11th century, the idea of the Latter Day of the Law increased in Japan. … As described above, in those days, golden scriptures were not only decoration, but also the reproduction of the story of the bodhisattvas and were symbols of eternity. …
NAID 120005367790

実践型授業導入に関する一考察-街なかにぎわい創出事業に協力して-

岡部千鶴,大塚史典,[ツル] 真紀子 [他],下田真也
久留米信愛女学院短期大学研究紀要 33, 77-85, 2010-09
… The business day was nine days (Saturday/ Sunday/ Holiday) during December 23 from November 28.In a preparation, the students divided into the 5 groups of commodity buying, leaflet making, advertisement public information, decoration in the shop and events planning. …
NAID 110008451420

★リンクテーブル★

関連記事	「D」「day」「Da」

「D」

Memorial Day
	The gravestones at Arlington National Cemetery are decorated by U.S. flags on Memorial Day weekend.
Official name	Memorial Day
Observed by	United States
Type	National
Observances	Remembrance of American war dead
Date	Last Monday in May
2015 date	May 25
2016 date	May 30
2017 date	May 29
2018 date	May 28
Frequency	annual

　　[★]

アスパラギン酸
ジヒドロウリジン
遠位の distal,
うつ病 depression
下行結腸 descending colon(大腸内視鏡検査の結果を記載するときに用いる)

「day」

　　[★]

日、日間

「Da」

　　[★] ダルトン

関: Dalton

[vamd-1] "Memorial Day". United States Department of Veterans Affairs. Retrieved 2010-05-28.

[2] 36 U.S.C. § 116

[3] ttp://www1.va.gov/opa/speceven/memday/history.asp

[JabbourJabbour2010-4] Alan Jabbour; Karen Singer Jabbour (31 May 2010). Decoration Day in the Mountains: Traditions of Cemetery Decoration in the Southern Appalachians. Univ of North Carolina Press. p. 125. ISBN 978-0-8078-3397-1. Retrieved 28 May 2012.

[5] Kickler, Sarah (2012-05-28). "Memorial Day vs. Veterans Day". baltimoresun.com. Retrieved 2014-04-07.

[6] Mary L'Hommedieu Gardiner (1842). "The Ladies Garland". J. Libby. p. 296. Retrieved 2014-05-31.

[7] In 1817, for example, a writer in the Analectic Magazine of Philadelphia urged the decoration of patriot's graves. E.J., "The Soldier's Grave," in The Analectic Magazine (1817), Vol. 10, 264.

[8] "Times-Dispatch, 1906". Perseus.tufts.edu. 1906-07-15. Retrieved 2014-04-07.

[9] ""A Beautiful Tribute," Savannah Republican, July 21, 1862". .uttyler.edu. Retrieved 2012-05-28.

[10] "Sophie Keller Hall, in The Story of Our Regiment: A History of the 148th Pennsylvania Vols., ed. J. W. Muffly (Des Moines: The Kenyon Printing & Mfg. Co., 1904), quoted in editor's note, p. 45". Civilwarcenter.olemiss.edu. Retrieved 2012-05-28.

[11] "Boalsburg.com". Boalsburg.com. 1997-03-26. Retrieved 2012-05-28.

[WaughGallagher2009-12] Joan Waugh; Gary W. Gallagher (1 June 2009). Wars Within a War: Controversy and Conflict Over the American Civil War. Univ of North Carolina Press. p. 187. ISBN 978-0-8078-3275-2.

[13] Blight, David W. Race and Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory (2001), ch. 3, "Decoration Days", pp. 67-70

[14] Blight, David W. "Lecture: To Appomattox and Beyond: The End of the War and a Search for Meanings, Overview". Oyc.yale.edu. Retrieved 2014-05-31. Professor Blight closes his lecture with a description of the first Memorial Day, celebrated by African Americans in Charleston, SC 1865.

[15] David Blight, cited by Campbell Robertson, "Birthplace of Memorial Day? That Depends Where You're From," New York Times, May 28, 2012 - Link is first of two web pages - Blight quote from 2nd web page: "He has called that the first Memorial Day, as it predated most of the other contenders, though he said he has no evidence that it led to General Logan's call for a national holiday."

[16] Johnson, Lyndon. "Presidential Proclamation 3727". Retrieved 27 May 2013.

[17] Robertson, "Birthplace of Memorial Day? That Depends Where You're From"

[amazon.com-18] Daniel Bellware and Richard Gardiner, The Genesis of the Memorial Day Holiday in America (Columbus State University, 2014).

[19] General John Logan, quoted by his wife. Books.google.com. Retrieved 2014-04-07.

[20] Hennig Cohen; Tristram Potter Coffin (1991). The Folklore of American holidays. Gale Research. p. 215.

[21] "Barack Obama, Weekly Address, May 29, 2010, transcript". Whitehouse.gov. 2010-05-29. Retrieved 2014-04-07.

[22] Blight (2004), pp.99–100

[23] "Interments in Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) National Cemeteries" (PDF). Washington, DC: National Cemetery Administration – Department of Veterans Affairs VA-NCA-IS-1. January 2011. After the Civil War, search and recovery teams visited hundreds of battlefields, churchyards, plantations and other locations seeking wartime interments that were made in haste. By 1870, the remains of nearly 300,000 Civil War dead were reinterred in 73 national cemeteries.

[Samito2009-24] Samito, Christian G. (2009). Becoming American Under Fire: Irish Americans, African Americans, and the Politics of Citizenship During the Civil War Era. Cornell University Press. p. 126. ISBN 9780801448461. Retrieved 25 May 2014.

[25] "Doylestown Hosts Oldest Memorial Day Parade in the Country". CBS News. 29 May 2011.

[26] Mrs. Logan's Memoirs, p. 246. Books.google.com. Retrieved 2014-04-07.

[27] New York Times, May 27, 2012

[nps.gov-28] National Park Service, "Flowers For Jennie" Retrieved February 24, 2015

[29] Gary Gallagher, The Myth of the Lost Cause and Civil War History, p. 190

[30] Kristina Dunn Johnson, No Holier Spot of Ground, p. 33

[31] Gardiner and Bellware, p. 87

[google1-32] Lucian Lamar Knight, "Memorial Day: Its True History". Books.google.com. Retrieved 2012-05-28.

[33] Karen L. Cox (2003). Dixie's Daughters: The United Daughters of the Confederacy and the Preservation of Confederate Culture. Universbuttse Memorial Day.

[34] Blight (2001), Race and Reunion, pp. 272-273

[35] "Did You Know? Little known Mississippi Facts". US Genealogy Network. Retrieved 2010-05-28.

[Center.28Firm.292000-36] University of Michigan; EBSCO Publishing (Firm) (2000). America, history and life. Clio Press. p. 190.

[37] David W. Blight (2001). Race and Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory. Harvard U.P. p. 265.

[LeonRosenzweig1989-38] Warren Leon; Roy Rosenzweig (1 June 1989). History Museums in the United States: A Critical Assessment. University of Illinois Press. p. 140. ISBN 978-0-252-06064-9.

[LaFantasie2008-39] Glenn W. LaFantasie (1 March 2008). Gettysburg Heroes: Perfect Soldiers, Hallowed Ground. Indiana University Press. p. 46. ISBN 978-0-253-35071-8.

[GoddardZon2008-40] Henry Perkins Goddard; Calvin Goddard Zon (2008). The Good Fight That Didn't End: Henry P. Goddard's Accounts of Civil War and Peace. Univ of South Carolina Press. p. 285. ISBN 978-1-57003-772-6.

[Axelrod2007-41] Alan Axelrod (1 June 2007). Miracle at Belleau Wood: The Birth of the Modern U.S. Marine Corps. Globe Pequot. p. 233. ISBN 978-1-59921-025-4.

[Public_Law_90-363-42] "Public Law 90-363". Retrieved 2014-04-07.

[43] Mechant, David (April 28, 2007). "Memorial Day History". Retrieved 2010-05-28.

[44] E.g., 112th Congress (2011-2012), S.70

[PostPost2011-45] Peggy Post; Anna Post; Lizzie Post; Daniel Post Senning (15 November 2011). Emily Post's Etiquette, 18. HarperCollins. p. 165. ISBN 978-0-06-210127-3.

[Congress2009-46] Congress (22 October 2009). United States Code, 2006, Supplement 1, January 4, 2007, to January 8, 2008. Government Printing Office. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-16-083512-4.

[Carnahan2004-47] Kevin J. Carnahan (1 May 2004). Outdoor Escapes Washington, D.C.: A Four-Season Guide. Globe Pequot. p. 167. ISBN 978-0-7627-3056-8.

[Wilson2011-48] Alan Wilson (1 October 2011). Driven by Desire: The Desire Wilson Story. Veloce Publishing Ltd. p. 92. ISBN 978-1-84584-389-2.

[49] Scott, Ryan (2015-05-24). "Memorial Day, 3 p.m.: Don't Forget". Forbes. Retrieved 2015-06-02.

[bbc10nov06-50] "Where did the idea to sell poppies come from?". BBC News. 10 November 2006. Retrieved 2009-02-18.

[51] William H. Swatos; Peter Kivisto (1998). Encyclopedia of Religion and Society. Rowman Altamira. pp. 49–50.

[52] Marcela Cristi (2001). From Civil to Political Religion: The Intersection of Culture, Religion and Politics. Wilfrid Laurier U.P. pp. 48–53.

[53] William M. Epstein (2002). American Policy Making: Welfare As Ritual. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 99.

[54] Corwin E. Smidt; Lyman A. Kellstedt; James L. Guth (2009). The Oxford Handbook of Religion and American Politics. Oxford Handbooks Online. pp. 142–3.

[55] Robert N. Bellah, "Civil Religion in America", Daedalus 1967 96(1): 1–21.

[56] Anania, Michael (1994). "Memorial Day". PoetryFoundation.

[57] Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth. "Memorial Day". The Atlantic.

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Decoration Day