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the 4th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)d

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deuteriumの化学記号
Delaware

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/08/30 12:43:16」(JST)

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1. 多発血管炎（ウェゲナー）および顕微鏡的多発血管炎を伴う肉芽腫症の臨床症状および
診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis wegeners and microscopic polyangiitis

English Journal

The PI/GLO-like locus in orchids: Duplication and purifying selection at synonymous sites within Orchidinae (Orchidaceae).

Cantone C, Gaudio L, Aceto S.AbstractPositive selection and relaxation of purifying constraints after duplication events have driven the functional diversification of gene families involved in development. One example of this occurred within the plant MADS-box genes. The evolution of the orchid flower was driven by duplication events followed by sub- and neo-functionalization of class B DEF-like MADS-box genes, which are present at three to four copies in the orchid genome. In contrast, the orchid PI/GLO-like class B MADS-box genes have been reported thus far as single-copy loci, with the only exception of Habenaria radiata. We isolated a novel PI/GLO-like gene (OrcPI2) in Orchis italica, which is different than the previously characterized OrcPI locus. The presence of two functional paralogs of PI/GLO-like genes in orchids is detectable only within the tribe Orchidinae. Evolutionary analyses revealed an apparent relaxation of purifying selection acting on the two PI/GLO-like paralogs of the Orchidinae when compared to the single-copy PI/GLO-like genes found in other orchid species. Furthermore, by measuring dN/dS (ω) ratios, we show that a high percentage of sites between the two PI/GLO-like paralogs have different evolutionary pressures. Interestingly, the apparent relaxation of selective constraints on the two PI/GLO-like paralogs is due to strong purifying selection at synonymous sites rather than to a high value of nonsynonymous substitution rate. This peculiar evolutionary pattern might be related to molecular processes such as mRNA folding and/or translational efficiency control. These processes could potentially be involved in or predate the functional diversification of the two PI/GLO-like paralogs within Orchidinae.
Gene.Gene.2011 Jul 15;481(1):48-55. Epub 2011 Apr 27.
Positive selection and relaxation of purifying constraints after duplication events have driven the functional diversification of gene families involved in development. One example of this occurred within the plant MADS-box genes. The evolution of the orchid flower was driven by duplication events f
PMID 21549812

MOF-5: Enthalpy of Formation and Energy Landscape of Porous Materials.

Hughes JT, Navrotsky A.SourcePeter A. Rock Thermochemistry Laboratory, NEAT ORU, University of California at Davis , Davis, California 95616, United States.
Journal of the American Chemical Society.J Am Chem Soc.2011 Jun 22;133(24):9184-7. Epub 2011 May 26.
The first experimental thermodynamic analysis of a metal-organic framework (MOF) has been performed. Measurement of the enthalpy of formation of MOF-5 from the dense components zinc oxide (ZnO), 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (H(2)BDC), and occluded N,N-diethylformamide (DEF) (if any) gave values of 7
PMID 21598944

Japanese Journal

Radiation-induced graft polymerization of amphiphilic monomers with different polymerization characteristics onto hydrophobic polysilane

Tanaka Hidenori,Iwasaki Isao,Kunai Yuichiro,Sato Nobuhiro,Matsuyama Tomochika
Radiation Physics and Chemistry 80(8), 884-889, 2011-08
… By the use of methyl methacrylate (MMA) or diethyl fumarate (DEF) as monomers for the graft polymerization, grafting yield rose with increasing total absorption dose and monomer concentrations, but decreased with increasing dose rate. …
NAID 120003072125