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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/30 23:24:44」(JST)

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Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) is a plant virus of the comovirus group. Infection of a susceptible cowpea leaf causes a "mosaic" pattern in the leaf, and results in high virus yields (1-2 g/kg). Its Genome consists of 2 molecules of positive-sense RNA (RNA-1 and RNA-2) which are separately encapsidated. Both RNA1 and RNA2 have a VPg (virus genome-linked protein) at the 5'end, and polyadenylation at the 3' end. Genomic RNA1 and RNA2 are expressed by a polyprotein processing strategy. RNA1 encodes helicase, VPg, protease and RdRp. RNA2 encodes movement protein and coat protein. The virus particles are 28 nm in diameter and contain 60 copies each of a Large (L) and Small (S) coat protein. The structure is well characterised to atomic resolution, and the viral particles are thermostable.

CPMV displays a number of features that can be exploited for nanoscale biomaterial fabrication. Its genetic, biological and physical properties are well characterised, and it can be isolated readily from plants. There are many stable mutants already prepared that allow specific modification of the capsid surface. It is possible to attach a number of different chemicals to the virus surface^[1]^[2] and to construct multilayer arrays of such nanoparticles on solid surfaces. This gives the natural or genetically engineered nanoparticles a range of properties which could be useful in nanotechnological applications such as biosensors, catalysis and nanoelectronic devices.

One example use of CPMV particles is to amplify signals in microarray based sensors. In this application, the virus particles separate the fluorescent dyes used for signaling in order to prevent the formation of non-fluorescent dimers that act as quenchers.^[3] Another example is the use of CPMV as a nanoscale breadboard for molecular electronics.^[4]

References

^ Q. Wang, T. Lin, L. Tang, J.E. Johnson, and M.G. Finn.Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 41(3), 459 (2002)
^ Q. Wang, T.R. Chan, R. Hilgraf, V.V. Fokin, K.B. Sharpless, and M.G. Finn. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 125, 3192 (2003).
^ Fluorescent signal amplification of carbocyanine dyes using engineered viral nanoparticles. Carissa M. Soto, Amy Szuchmacher Blum, Nikolai Lebedev, Gary J. Vora, Carolyn E. Meador, Angela P. Won, Anju Chatterji, John E. Johnson, and Banahalli R. Ratna, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 128, 5184 (2006).
^ An Engineered Virus as a Scaffold for Three-Dimensional Self-Assembly on the Nanoscale. Amy Szuchmacher Blum, Carissa M. Soto, Charmaine D. Wilson, Tina L. Brower, Steven K. Pollack, Terence L. Schull, Anju Chatterji, Tianwei Lin, John E. Johnson, Christian Amsinck, Paul Franzon, Ranganathan Shashidhar and Banahalli Ratna, Small, 7, 702 (2005).

External links

Separation and recovery of intact gold-virus complex by agarose electrophoresis and electroelution: Application to the purification of cowpea mosaic virus and colloidal gold complex
ICTVdB—The Universal Virus Database: Cowpea mosaic virus
Family Groups—The Baltimore Method
ICTV Virus Taxonomy 2009 [1]
UniProt Taxonomy

English Journal

Controlled immobilisation of active enzymes on the cowpea mosaic virus capsid.

Aljabali AA, Barclay JE, Steinmetz NF, Lomonossoff GP, Evans DJ.SourceDepartment of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK. dave.evans@jic.ac.uk.
Nanoscale.Nanoscale.2012 Sep 21;4(18):5640-5. Epub 2012 Aug 6.
Immobilisation of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and glucose oxidase (GOX) via covalent attachment of modified enzyme carbohydrate to the exterior of the cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) capsid gave high retention of enzymatic activity. The number of enzymes bound per virus was determined to be about eleven
PMID 22865109

Differential uptake of chemically modified Cowpea mosaic virus nanoparticles in macrophage subpopulations present in inflammatory and tumor microenvironments.

Agrawal A, Manchester M.AbstractThere remains a tremendous need to develop targeted therapeutics that can both image and localize the toxic effects of chemotherapeutics and antagonists on diseased tissue while reducing adverse systemic effects. These needs have fostered the development of a nanotechnology-based approach that can combine targeting and toxicity potential. In this study, CPMV nanoparticles were chemically modified with the dye Alexa Flour 488 and were also tandemly modified with PEG1000 followed by AF488; and the derivatized nanoparticles were subsequently added to macrophages stimulated with either LPS (M1) or IL-4 (M2). Previously published studies have shown that M1/M2 macrophages are both present in an inflammatory microenvironment (such as a tumor microenvironment and atherosclerosis) and play opposing yet balancing roles; M2 macrophages have a delayed and progressive onset in the tumor microenvironment (concomitant with an immunosuppression of M1 macrophages). In this study, we show higher uptake of CPMV-AF488 and CPMV-PEG-AF488 by M2 macrophages compared to M1 macrophages. M1 macrophages showed no uptake of CPMV-PEG-AF488. More specifically, M2 macrophages are known to be up regulated in early atherosclerosis plaque. Indeed, previous work showed that M2 macrophages in plaque also correlate with CPMV internalization. These studies emphasize the potential effectiveness of CPMV as a tailored vehicle for targeting tumor macrophages involved in cancer metastasis, or vascular inflammation, and further highlight the potential of CPMV in targeted therapeutics against other diseases.
Biomacromolecules.Biomacromolecules.2012 Sep 10. [Epub ahead of print]
There remains a tremendous need to develop targeted therapeutics that can both image and localize the toxic effects of chemotherapeutics and antagonists on diseased tissue while reducing adverse systemic effects. These needs have fostered the development of a nanotechnology-based approach that can c
PMID 22963597

Japanese Journal

温州萎縮ウイルス RNA1 の 3'末端領域の塩基配列

日本植物病理學會報 62(1), 4-10, 1996-02-25
NAID 110002733792

Nucleotide Sequence of the 3'-Terminal Region of RNA1 of Satsuma Dwarf Virus.

日本植物病理学会報 62(1), 4-10, 1996
NAID 130003750080

Indirect estimation of filtration variables in rat lungs calculated by protein concentration or osmotic pressure method.

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine 163(2), 77-83, 1991
NAID 130003494335

Related Pictures

CPMV_71 (@CPMV_71) | Twitter The Scripps Research Institute - News and Views Cowpea | Infonet Biovision Home. CPMV – Pau Guerra Club Penguin - Skillet Monster Music Video | Doovi Media Tweets by CPMV (@cpmv_irapuato) | Twitter Harnessing Plant Viruses for Cancer Imaging and Therapy | National Institute of Let It Go CPMV - YouTube

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ササゲモザイクウイルス」「cowpea mosaic virus」
関連記事	「CP」「CPM」

「ササゲモザイクウイルス」

Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV)
	Structure of the Cowpea Mosaic Virus based on PDB 2BFU
Virus classification
Group:	Group IV ((+)ssRNA)
Order:	Picornavirales
Family:	Secoviridae
Subfamily:	Comovirinae
Genus:	Comovirus
Species:	Cowpea mosaic virus
Synonyms
	Cowpea mosaic virus, SB isolate