WordNet

of or relating to the United States of America or its people or language or culture; "American citizens"; "American English"; "the American dream"
a native or inhabitant of a North American or Central American or South American country
a native or inhabitant of the United States
of or relating to or characteristic of the continents and islands of the Americas; "the American hemisphere"; "American flora and fauna"
the fashionable elite (同)high society, beau monde, smart set, bon ton
an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization
North America and South America and Central America

PrepTutorEJDIC

『アメリカ合衆国の』,米国の;アメリカ人の / 北アメリカの;北米人の / 南アメリカの;南米人の / 南北アメリカの;南北アメリカ人の / 米国人,アメリカ人 / 北(南)アメリカ人 / =American English
〈U〉《通例冠詞をつけないで》(全体として見た人間の)『社会』,世間[の人々],すべての人々 / 〈C〉〈U〉(特定の利害・文化を共にする人間の)『社会』 / 『会』,協会,クラブ / 〈U〉『上流社会』[『の人々』],社交界 / 〈U〉交際,つきあい,社交 / 上流社会の,社交界の
胸の,胸部の
『アメリカ合衆国』,米国,アメリカ(《略》『Am.,Amer.』) / 《the Americas》南北アメリカ[イタリアの航海者･探検家Amerigo Vespucciの名前に由来]

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2018/06/13 22:21:15」(JST)

wiki en

The American Thoracic Society (ATS) is a nonprofit organization focused on improving care for pulmonary diseases, critical illnesses and sleep-related breathing disorders. It was established in 1905 as the American Sanatorium Association, and changed its name in 1938 to the American Trudeau Society. In 1960, it changed its name again to the American Thoracic Society. Originally the medical section of the American Lung Association, the Society became independently incorporated in 2000 as a 501 (c) (3) organization.

Medical and scientific areas of interest

Pulmonology, critical care, sleep medicine, infectious disease, pediatrics, allergy/immunology, thoracic surgery, behavioral science, environmental and occupational medicine, physiology, molecular biology, among others.^[1]

Membership

More than 15,000 physicians, research scientists, and nurses and other allied healthcare professionals (32 percent of whom work outside the United States).^[2]

ATS Assemblies

The interests of members are represented by the Society's 14 specialty-specific assemblies and 2 sections.^[3]

Chapters and activities

With the overarching goal of advancing the Society's mission, each chapter represents a state or other geographical area and includes, in its membership ATS members.^[4] The ATS also works to engage its members around the globe. In 2015, the ATS allegedly added information to the Wikipedia article about the organization and that user was banned from Wikipedia (blocked in Wikipedia lingo).

Publications and educational activities

3 peer-reviewed journals

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (AJRCCM)

American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology (AJRCMB)

Annals of the American Thoracic Society (AnnalsATS)

The Society offers CME, maintenance of certification points and credits, and nursing contact hours through its annual International Conference.

The ATS advocates for improved respiratory health for patients in the United States and around the globe. The Society is actively involved securing funds for basic and clinical research, establishing global TB and tobacco control policies, enforcing the Clean Air Act, and lobbying for fair reimbursement for physician services under Medicare and other insurers.^[5]

The ATS Patient Information Series is available electronically on the ATS website.

References

^ "Overview". ATS website. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
^ "Membership". ATS website. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
^ "Assemblies". ATS website. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
^ "Chapters". ATS website. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
^ "Advocacy". ATS website. Retrieved 7 March 2018.

External links

American Thoracic Society
American College of Chest Physicians; American Thoracic Society (September 2013), "Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question", Choosing Wisely: an initiative of the ABIM Foundation, American College of Chest Physicians and American Thoracic Society, retrieved 7 March 2018
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (AJRCCM)
American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology (AJRCMB)
Annals of the American Thoracic Society (AnnalsATS)

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人における市中肺炎：リスクの層別化と入院の決定 community acquired pneumonia in adults risk stratification and the decision to admit
2. 成人における市中肺炎の予後 prognosis of community acquired pneumonia in adults
3. 成人の外来患者における市中肺炎の治療 treatment of community acquired pneumonia in adults in the outpatient setting
4. 気管支誘発試験 bronchoprovocation testing
5. 緩和ケアにおける呼吸困難の評価とマネージメント assessment and management of dyspnea in palliative care

English Journal

Spirometry use in children hospitalized with asthma.

Tan CC1, McDowell KM, Fenchel M, Szczesniak R, Kercsmar CM.Author information 1Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.AbstractAsthma is the most common chronic disorder of childhood and continues to be a leading cause of pediatric hospital admission. The National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) recommends that spirometry be obtained for asthma patients upon hospital admission, after bronchodilation during the acute phase of asthma symptoms, and at least one additional time before discharge from the hospital. The objectives of this study were to describe the use of spirometry in children hospitalized with asthma and to determine association of pulmonary function with future exacerbations. A retrospective cohort study design was utilized involving review of medical records of children ≥5 years old admitted with asthma to Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center from September 1, 2009 to March 31, 2011. Hospitalization or emergency department (ED) visits were identified by the ICD-9-CM codes of having either a primary diagnosis of asthma (493) or a respiratory illness (460-496) plus a secondary diagnosis of asthma. Asthma re-exacerbation was defined as either having an ED visit or hospitalization for asthma that occurred within 3 months after the index hospitalization. All spirometries were performed in a pediatric pulmonary function laboratory. Among 1,037 admissions included in this study, 89 (8.6%) had spirometry that was recommended by a consulting asthma specialist and usually performed on the day of discharge. Spirometries for forty-five of these patients (54.9%) met all acceptability and repeatability criteria of the American Thoracic Society. Patients who performed acceptable spirometry were significantly older (12.4 ± 3.8 vs. 10.7 ± 3.0 years; P = 0.041). The average forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1 ) was 84.4 ± 19.7% predicted; forced vital capacity (FVC) was 98.1 ± 16.0% predicted; FEV1 /FVC was 74.6 ± 9.6%; forced expiratory flow at 25-75% (FEF25-75 ) was 61.2 ± 30.1% predicted. Ten patients (22%) who performed spirometry developed a re-exacerbation. Patients with versus without re-exacerbation had significantly lower FEV1 /FVC (P = 0.027) and FEF25-75 (P = 0.031). Nevertheless, separate logistic regression models found that FEV1 /FVC and FEF25-75 were not associated with re-exacerbation when adjusted for age and length-of-stay. We found that few children admitted with asthma had spirometry as recommended in the NAEPP guidelines unless recommended by specialists and both lower lung function (FEV1 /FVC and FEF25-75 ) and history of more frequent and more recent prior health-care utilization for asthma were associated with repeat asthma exacerbation. However, the value of performing spirometry on asthmatic children prior to hospital discharge remains unclear and will require prospective study. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:451-457. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pediatric pulmonology.Pediatr Pulmonol.2014 May;49(5):451-7. doi: 10.1002/ppul.22854. Epub 2013 Sep 2.
Asthma is the most common chronic disorder of childhood and continues to be a leading cause of pediatric hospital admission. The National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) recommends that spirometry be obtained for asthma patients upon hospital admission, after bronchodilation during t
PMID 24000189

Peripheral Lung Adenocarcinomas With KRAS Mutations Are More Likely to Invade Visceral Pleura.

Raparia K1, Villa C, Raj R, Cagle PT.Author information 1From the Departments of Pathology (Drs Raparia and Villa), and Pulmonary and Critical Care (Dr Raj), Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; and the Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (Dr Cagle).AbstractContext .- Kirsten-RAS (KRAS) mutations play an important role in the carcinogenesis of a subset of lung adenocarcinomas and are associated with poorer prognosis. Objective .- To investigate the relationship of KRAS mutation status to the histologic subtype of adenocarcinoma according to the recent classification, patient demographics, tumor size, predominant histologic subtype, nodal status, and visceral pleural invasion, in an attempt to uncover the reason for the worse prognosis associated with KRAS mutation. Design .- A total of 187 consecutive resected lung adenocarcinomas from our institution from 2008 to 2011 that were diagnosed according to the new International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society classification and screened for KRAS mutations were included in the study. Results .- A total of 32% of the adenocarcinomas harbored the KRAS mutation. The median age in the KRAS mutation group was 69 years (range, 43-86 years), and male to female ratio was 1:2.3. The proportion of heavy smokers was significantly higher in tumors with KRAS mutation compared with wild type (83% versus 62%; P = .01). A total of 27% of tumors with KRAS mutation had pleural invasion versus 11% of tumors without KRAS mutation (P = .009). A total of 59 tumor samples were positive for KRAS mutation (25 for G12C, 14 for G12A, 8 for G12V, 7 for G12D, 3 for G12S, and 1 for G12T), and only 3 tumors harbored codon 13 mutations (G13C). Two tumors had double mutations. Conclusion .- KRAS mutations are more common in heavy smokers, and lung adenocarcinomas with KRAS mutation are more likely to invade the visceral pleura. Increased frequency of visceral pleural invasion may explain in part the worse prognosis associated with KRAS mutations.
Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine.Arch Pathol Lab Med.2014 Apr 2. [Epub ahead of print]
Context .- Kirsten-RAS (KRAS) mutations play an important role in the carcinogenesis of a subset of lung adenocarcinomas and are associated with poorer prognosis. Objective .- To investigate the relationship of KRAS mutation status to the histologic subtype of adenocarcinoma according to the recent
PMID 24694341

Telavancin for hospital-acquired pneumonia: clinical response and 28-day survival.

Corey GR1, Kollef MH, Shorr AF, Rubinstein E, Stryjewski ME, Hopkins A, Barriere SL.Author information 1Department of Medicine, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA.AbstractU.S. Food and Drug Administration draft guidance for future antibiotic clinical trials of bacterial nosocomial pneumonia recommends the use of diagnostic criteria according to American Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America (ATS/IDSA) guidelines and the use of a primary endpoint of 28-day all-cause mortality. The effect of applying these guidelines on outcomes of phase III nosocomial pneumonia studies of telavancin was evaluated in a post hoc analysis. ATS/IDSA criteria were applied in a blind fashion to the original all-treated (AT) group. Clinical cure rates at final follow-up were determined in the refined AT and clinically evaluable (CE) groups (ATS/IDSA-AT and ATS/IDSA-CE, respectively). The exploratory endpoint of 28-day survival was evaluated for the ATS/IDSA-AT group. Noninferiority of telavancin versus vancomycin was demonstrated, with similar cure rates in the ATS/IDSA-AT (59% versus 59%) and ATS/IDSA-CE (83% versus 80%) groups. Cure rates favored telavancin in ATS/IDSA-CE patients where Staphylococcus aureus was the sole pathogen (86% versus 75%). Overall, 28-day survival rates were similar in the telavancin (76%) and vancomycin (77%) groups but lower in telavancin-treated patients with preexisting moderate-to-severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance [CLCR] of <50 ml/min). Telavancin should be administered to patients with moderate-to-severe renal impairment only if treatment benefit outweighs the risk or if no suitable alternatives are available.
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy.Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2014 Apr;58(4):2030-7. doi: 10.1128/AAC.02330-13. Epub 2014 Jan 13.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration draft guidance for future antibiotic clinical trials of bacterial nosocomial pneumonia recommends the use of diagnostic criteria according to American Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America (ATS/IDSA) guidelines and the use of a primary endpoint of
PMID 24419353

Japanese Journal

多彩な画像所見が腫瘍進展形式を示唆した置換性増殖優位型浸潤性肺腺癌の1例

日比野真,山本紗織,伊東直哉,平島修,大江元樹,近藤哲理
肺癌 54(4), 212-217, 2014
背景．置換性増殖優位型浸潤性腺癌は，以前は粘液非産生性細気管支肺胞上皮癌と呼ばれており，多彩な画像所見を呈する．症例．70歳の男性．7か月間の湿性咳嗽と1か月前からの労作時呼吸困難感を認めて受診した．胸部CTで広範囲に気管支透亮像を伴う浸潤影とメロンの皮様網目状陰影を認め，一部分に小葉中心性のすりガラス陰影を認めた．以上より経気道散布する病変が進行している状態が考えられ，経気管支肺生検の結果，置換 …
NAID 130004687682