WordNet

a cellular structure that is postulated to exist in order to mediate between a chemical agent that acts on nervous tissue and the physiological response

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=sense organ / 受信装置
副腎皮質刺激ホルモン[剤]

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/10/09 16:08:48」(JST)

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The adrenocorticotropic hormone receptor or ACTH receptor also known as the melanocortin receptor 2 or MC₂ receptor is a type of melanocortin receptor (type 2) which is specific for ACTH.^[1]

Structure

Both human and bovine ACTH receptors are synthesized as 297 residue long proteins. There is 81% homology between human and bovine sequences.^[2] The full length sequence includes seven hydrophobic domains that are predicted as transmembrane segments.^[2] In the third intracellular loop of the receptor a protein kinase A and protein kinase c phosphorylation motifs have been detected.^[2]

Tissue and subcellular localization

ACTH receptor is found in the zona fasciculata of the human adrenal cortex. Binding of the receptor by ACTH stimulates the production of cortisol. (By contrast, aldosterone production from the zona glomerulosa is stimulated primarily by angiotensin II.)

Protein recognition at the receptor uses energy obtained from the dephosphorylation of ATP to cAMP by adenylate cyclase. ACTH receptors are located on the plasma membrane, and are G protein-coupled receptors.

The ACTH receptor uses cAMP as a secondary messenger.^[3]^[4]

Pathology

Mutations in this receptor cause familial glucocorticoid deficiency type 1, in which patients have high levels of serum ACTH and low levels of cortisol.^[5]^[6]

References

^ Beuschlein F, Fassnacht M, Klink A, Allolio B, Reincke M (Mar 2001). "ACTH-receptor expression, regulation and role in adrenocortial tumor formation". European Journal of Endocrinology / European Federation of Endocrine Societies 144 (3): 199–206. doi:10.1530/eje.0.1440199. PMID 11248736.
^ ^a ^b ^c Raikhinstein M, Zohar M, Hanukoglu I (Feb 1994). "cDNA cloning and sequence analysis of the bovine adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) receptor". Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta 1220 (3): 329–32. doi:10.1016/0167-4889(94)90157-0. PMID 8305507.
^ Hanukoglu I, Feuchtwanger R, Hanukoglu A (Nov 1990). "Mechanism of corticotropin and cAMP induction of mitochondrial cytochrome P450 system enzymes in adrenal cortex cells" (PDF). The Journal of Biological Chemistry 265 (33): 20602–8. PMID 2173715.
^ Elias LL, Clark AJ (Oct 2000). "The expression of the ACTH receptor". Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research = Revista Brasileira De Pesquisas Médicas E Biológicas / Sociedade Brasileira De Biofísica ... [Et Al.] 33 (10): 1245–8. doi:10.1590/S0100-879X2000001000015. PMID 11004726.
^ Clark AJ, McLoughlin L, Grossman A (Feb 1993). "Familial glucocorticoid deficiency associated with point mutation in the adrenocorticotropin receptor". Lancet 341 (8843): 461–2. doi:10.1016/0140-6736(93)90208-X. PMID 8094489.
^ Tsigos C, Arai K, Hung W, Chrousos GP (Nov 1993). "Hereditary isolated glucocorticoid deficiency is associated with abnormalities of the adrenocorticotropin receptor gene". The Journal of Clinical Investigation 92 (5): 2458–61. doi:10.1172/JCI116853. PMC 288430. PMID 8227361.

External links

"Melanocortin Receptors: MC₂". IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology.
MC2 Receptor at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

This transmembrane receptor-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

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1. 副腎不全の稀な原因 unusual causes of adrenal insufficiency
2. 小児における原発性副腎不全の原因および臨床症状 causes and clinical manifestations of primary adrenal insufficiency in children
3. 小児における中枢性副腎不全の原因および臨床症状 causes and clinical manifestations of central adrenal insufficiency in children
4. クッシング症候群の原因および病態生理 causes and pathophysiology of cushings syndrome
5. 原発性両側副腎皮質大結節性過形成によるクッシング症候群 cushings syndrome due to primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia

English Journal

Tipepidine, a non-narcotic antitussive, exerts an antidepressant-like effect in the forced swimming test in adrenocorticotropic hormone-treated rats.

Kawaura K1, Ogata Y1, Honda S1, Soeda F1, Shirasaki T1, Takahama K2.
Behavioural brain research.Behav Brain Res.2016 Apr 1;302:269-78. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.12.008. Epub 2015 Dec 29.
We investigated whether tipepidine exerts an antidepressant-like effect in the forced swimming test in adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-treated rats, which is known as a treatment-resistant depression model, and we studied the pharmacological mechanisms of the effects of tipepidine. Male Wistar ra
PMID 26738969

The melanocortin ACTH 1-39 promotes protection of oligodendrocytes by astroglia.

Lisak RP1, Nedelkoska L1, Benjamins JA2.
Journal of the neurological sciences.J Neurol Sci.2016 Mar 15;362:21-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.01.009. Epub 2016 Jan 7.
Damage to myelin and oligodendroglia (OL) in multiple sclerosis (MS) results from a wide array of mechanisms including excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. We previously showed that ACTH 1-39, a melanocortin, protects OL in mixed glial cultures and enriched OL cultures, inhibiting
PMID 26944112

Hsa-miR-34a mediated repression of corticotrophin releasing hormone receptor 1 regulates pro-opiomelanocortin expression in patients with complex regional pain syndrome.

Shenoda BB1, Alexander GM2, Ajit SK3.
Journal of translational medicine.J Transl Med.2016 Mar 3;14(1):64. doi: 10.1186/s12967-016-0820-1.
BACKGROUND: Ketamine provides relief for a subset of patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). The poor responders had a lower body mass index (BMI) relative to responders. Regulation of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) expression is crucial in normal body weight homeostasis. The main objective
PMID 26940669

Japanese Journal

Medical Management of Functioning Pituitary Adenoma: An Update

OKI Yutaka
Neurologia medico-chirurgica, 2014
… In patients with acromegaly, dopamine agonists, somatostatin analogues, and growth hormone receptor antagonist have been used as a monotherapy or the combination, and the high remission rate can be achieved. … Pasireotide having high affinity to type 5 somatostatin receptors will be available for the patients presenting resistance against type 2 receptor agonists, such as octreotide and lanreotide. …
NAID 130004704540

Retinoic acid receptor-α up-regulates proopiomelanocortin gene expression in AtT20 corticotroph cells

Uruno Akira,Saito-Hakoda Akiko,Yokoyama Atsushi,Kogure Naotaka,Matsuda Ken,Parvin Rehana,Shimizu Kyoko,Sato Ikuko,Kudo Masataka,Yoshikawa Takeo,Kagechika Hiroyuki,Iwasaki Yasumasa,Ito Sadayoshi,Sugawara Akira
Endocrine Journal 61(11), 1105-1114, 2014
… Cushing's disease is a disorder caused by excessive ACTH secretion from a corticotroph tumor of the pituitary gland. … Retinoic acid (RA) has been reported to suppress adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion in Cushing's disease. … However, the role of RA receptor (RAR) in proopiomelanocortin (Pomc) gene expression remains uncertain. … Surprisingly, a synthetic RARα agonist Am80 increased Pomc mRNA expression, CRH-induced ACTH secretion, and Pomc promoter activity. …
NAID 130004677954

Effects of Bupropion and Pramipexole on Cell Proliferation in the Hippocampus of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone-Treated Rats

Onoue Yuka,Kuwatsuka Keiko,Miyazaki Ikuko,Asanuma Masato,Kitamura Yoshihisa,Sendo Toshiaki
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 37(2), 327-330, 2014
… The dopamine reuptake inhibitor bupropion and dopamine D2/3 receptor agonist pramipexole have been clinically proven to improve both depression and treatment-resistant depression. … We examined its influence on the duration of immobility during the forced swim test in adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-treated rats and further analyzed the possible role of the dopamine nerve system in this effect. …
NAID 130003390932

「副腎皮質刺激ホルモン受容体」

Melanocortin 2 receptor (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
Identifiers
Symbols	MC2R ; ACTHR
External IDs	OMIM: 607397 MGI: 96928 HomoloGene: 444 IUPHAR: 283 ChEMBL: 1965 GeneCards: MC2R Gene
Gene ontology
Molecular function	• melanocortin receptor activity; • corticotropin receptor activity; • protein binding;
Cellular component	• cytoplasm; • plasma membrane; • integral component of plasma membrane;
Biological process	• placenta development; • G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway; • G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger; • neuropeptide signaling pathway; • positive regulation of cAMP biosynthetic process;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
	More reference expression data
Orthologs
	v; t; e;