1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme

1

関

branching enzyme、glycogen branching enzyme、starch branching enzyme

WordNet

1. first in order of importance; "the alpha male in the group of chimpanzees"; "the alpha star in a constellation is the brightest or main star"
2. the 1st letter of the Greek alphabet
3. the beginning of a series or sequence; "the Alpha and Omega, the first and the last, the beginning and the end"--Revelations
4. early testing stage of a software or hardware product; "alpha version"
5. resembling the branches of a tree
6. the act of branching out or dividing into branches (同)ramification, fork, forking
7. any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions
8. any high mountain

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. アルファ(ギリシア語アルファベットの第1字A,α;英語のA,aに相当) / アルファ星(星座の主星)
2. 酵素
3. 高山,高峰

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/10/10 21:10:40」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

glycogen branching enzyme
Identifiers
EC number	2.4.1.18
CAS number	9001-97-2
Databases
IntEnz	IntEnz view
BRENDA	BRENDA entry
ExPASy	NiceZyme view
KEGG	KEGG entry
MetaCyc	metabolic pathway
PRIAM	profile
PDB structures	RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Gene Ontology	AmiGO / EGO
Search PMC articles PubMed articles NCBI Protein search

1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme
Identifiers
Symbol	GBE1
Entrez	2632
HUGO	4180
OMIM	607839
RefSeq	NM_000158
UniProt	Q04446
Other data
EC number	2.4.1.18
Locus	Chr. 3 p12

A glycogen branching enzyme is an enzyme that takes part in converting glucose to glycogen. It adds branches to the growing glycogen molecule.

Function

Glycogen is a branching polymer of large numbers of glucose units linked together. The structure is based on chains of glucose units with α(1→4) glycosidic bonds between carbon atoms 1 and 4 of each pair of units. These linkages are catalyzed by the enzyme glycogen synthase.

Every 10 to 14 glucose units, a side branch with an additional chain of glucose units occurs. The side chain attaches at carbon atom 6 of a glucose unit, and the linkage is termed an α(1→6) glycosidic bond. This connection is catalyzed by a branching enzyme. A branching enzyme attaches a string of seven glucose units to the sixth carbon of a glucose unit, usually in an interior location of the glycogen molecule.

Nomenclature

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, to be specific, those glycosyltransferases that transfer hexoses (hexosyltransferases). The systematic name of this enzyme class is 1,4-alpha-D-glucan:1,4-alpha-D-glucan 6-alpha-D-(1,4-alpha-D-glucano)-transferase. Other names in common use include branching enzyme, amylo-(1,4→1,6)-transglycosylase, Q-enzyme, alpha-glucan-branching glycosyltransferase, amylose isomerase, enzymatic branching factor, branching glycosyltransferase, enzyme Q, glucosan transglycosylase, 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme, plant branching enzyme, alpha-1,4-glucan:alpha-1,4-glucan-6-glycosyltransferase, and starch branching enzyme. This enzyme participates in starch and sucrose metabolism.

Pathology

A defect in this enzyme can lead to disease; see glycogen storage disease type IV and glycogen-branching enzyme deficiency.

Structural studies

As of late 2007, only one structure has been solved for this class of enzymes, with the PDB accession code 1M7X.

References

• Barker SA, Bourne E and Peat S (Lond.). "The enzymic synthesis and degradation of starch. Part IV. The purification and storage of the Q-enzyme of the potato". J. Chem. Soc.: 1705–1711. 
• Baum H and Gilbert GA (1953). "A simple method for the preparation of crystalline potato phosphorylase and Q-enzyme". Nature 171 (4361): 983–984. doi:10.1038/171983a0. PMID 13063502. 
• Hehre EJ (1951). Enzymic Synthesis of Polysaccharides: a Biological type of Polymerization. "Advances in Enzymology and Related Areas of Molecular Biology". Adv. Enzymol. Relat. Subj. Biochem.. Advances in Enzymology - and Related Areas of Molecular Biology 11: 297–337. doi:10.1002/9780470122563.ch6. ISBN 978-0-470-12256-3. 
• Handelsman DJ; Wang, Y; Jimenez, M; Marshan, B; Spaliviero, J; Illingworth, P; Handelsman, DJ (2006). "Follicle-stimulating hormone increases primordial follicle reserve in mature female hypogonadal mice". J. Endocrinol. 188 (3): 549–57. doi:10.1677/joe.1.06614. PMID 16522734. 

External links

• GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Adult Polyglucosan Body Disease
• OMIM entries on Adult Polyglucosan Body Disease

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. グリコーゲン分枝酵素欠損症（糖原病IV型、アンダーセン病） glycogen branching enzyme deficiency glycogen storage disease iv andersen disease
• 2. ファブリー病の治療 treatment of fabry disease
• 3. リウマチ性疾患におけるサイトカインネットワーク：治療の意味 cytokine networks in rheumatic diseases implications for therapy
• 4. ファブリー病の神経症状 neurologic manifestations of fabry disease
• 5. 神経管欠損の出生前スクリーニングおよび診断 prenatal screening and diagnosis of neural tube defects

English Journal

• Biocatalytic role of potato starch synthase III for α-glucan biosynthesis in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 mutants.

• Yoo SH1, Lee BH2, Li L3, Perris SD4, Spalding MH4, Han SY5, Jane JL3.
• International journal of biological macromolecules.Int J Biol Macromol.2015 Nov;81:710-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.09.008. Epub 2015 Sep 7.
• A potato starch synthase III (PSSIII) was expressed in the Synechocystis mutants deficient in either glycogen synthase I (M1) or II (M2) to replenish α-(1,4) linkage synthesizing activity, resulting in new mutants, PM1 and PM2, respectively. These mutants were applied to study the role of exogenous
• PMID 26358554

• Crystal Structures of Escherichia coli Branching Enzyme in Complex with Linear Oligosaccharides.

• Feng L1, Fawaz R1, Hovde S1,2, Gilbert L1, Chiou J1, Geiger JH1.
• Biochemistry.Biochemistry.2015 Oct 13;54(40):6207-18. doi: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00228. Epub 2015 Sep 25.
• Branching enzyme is responsible for all branching of glycogen and starch. It is an unusual member of the α-amylase family because it has both α-1,4-amylase activity and α-1,6-transferase activity [Drummond, G. S., et al. (1972) Eur. J. Biochem. 26, 168-176]. It also does not react with shorter gl
• PMID 26280198

• The different effects of starch synthase IIa mutations or variation on endosperm amylose content of barley, wheat and rice are determined by the distribution of starch synthase I and starch branching enzyme IIb between the starch granule and amyloplast stroma.

• Luo J1, Ahmed R, Kosar-Hashemi B, Larroque O, Butardo VM Jr, Tanner GJ, Colgrave ML, Upadhyaya NM, Tetlow IJ, Emes MJ, Millar A, Jobling SA, Morell MK, Li Z.
• TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik.Theor Appl Genet.2015 Jul;128(7):1407-19. doi: 10.1007/s00122-015-2515-z. Epub 2015 Apr 19.
• KEY MESSAGE: The distribution of starch synthase I and starch branching enzyme IIb between the starch granule and amyloplast stroma plays an important role in determining endosperm amylose content of cereal grains. Starch synthase IIa (SSIIa) catalyses the polymerisation of intermediate length gluca
• PMID 25893467

Related Links

• 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme - Definition of 1,4-alpha ...

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• 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme | Define 1,4-alpha-glucan ...

Medical Dictionary 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme n. An enzyme in muscles that catalyzes the breakdown of alpha-1,4 linkages in glycogen and the formation of alpha-1,6 linkages, thus creating branches in glycogen and ...

• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「branching enzyme」「1,4α-グルカン分枝酵素」「glycogen branching enzyme」「starch branching enzyme」
関連記事	「branching enzyme」「gluc」「alpha」「branching」「glucan」

「branching enzyme」

　　[★]

分枝酵素、枝分かれ酵素

関

1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme、glycogen branching enzyme、starch branching enzyme

「1,4α-グルカン分枝酵素」

　　[★]

英

1

• 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme

関

グリコーゲン分枝酵素、分枝酵素、デンプン分枝酵素

「glycogen branching enzyme」

　　[★]

• グリコーゲン分枝酵素

関

1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme、branching enzyme、starch branching enzyme

「starch branching enzyme」

　　[★]

• デンプン分枝酵素

関

1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme、branching enzyme、glycogen branching enzyme

「branching enzyme」

　　[★]

分枝酵素、枝分かれ酵素

関

1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme、glycogen branching enzyme、starch branching enzyme

「gluc」

　　[★]

• グルコース

関

Glc、glucose、grape sugar

「alpha」

　　[★]

α、アルファ

関

alfa

　 　 　 　 　

「branching」

　　[★]

• n.

• 分岐、枝分かれ、分枝

　 　

「glucan」

　　[★] グルカン

同

glucosan