WordNet
- a heavy smoker (usually of cigarettes) who lights one off of another
- fasten or secure with chains; "Chain the chairs together"
- a unit of length
- a necklace made by a stringing objects together; "a string of beads"; "a strand of pearls"; (同)string, strand
- a linked or connected series of objects; "a chain of daisies"
- a series of (usually metal) rings or links fitted into one another to make a flexible ligament
- anything that acts as a restraint
- (chemistry) a series of linked atoms (generally in an organic molecule) (同)chemical chain
- a series of things depending on each other as if linked together; "the chain of command"; "a complicated concatenation of circumstances" (同)concatenation
- (business) a number of similar establishments (stores or restaurants or banks or hotels or theaters) under one ownership
- connect or arrange into a chain by linking
- inhale and exhale smoke from cigarettes, cigars, pipes; "We never smoked marijuana"; "Do you smoke?"
- a cloud of fine particles suspended in a gas (同)fume
- a hot vapor containing fine particles of carbon being produced by combustion; "the fire produced a tower of black smoke that could be seen for miles" (同)smoking
- the act of smoking tobacco or other substances; "he went outside for a smoke"; "smoking stinks" (同)smoking
- something with no concrete substance; "his dreams all turned to smoke"; "it was just smoke and mirrors"
- an indication of some hidden activity; "with all that smoke there must be a fire somewhere"
- a passenger car for passengers who wish to smoke (同)smoking car, smoking carriage, smoking compartment
- a person who smokes tobacco (同)tobacco_user
- British biochemist (born in Germany) who isolated and purified penicillin, which had been discovered in 1928 by Sir Alexander Fleming (1906-1979) (同)Ernst Boris Chain, Sir Ernst Boris Chain
- bound with chains; "enchained demons strained in anger to gnaw on his bones"; "prisoners in chains" (同)enchained
PrepTutorEJDIC
- たけ続けにたばこを吸う人
- 『鎖』;(装飾用の)鎖 / 《複数形で》『束縛』,拘束;囚人をつなぐ鎖 / (物事の)『連続』,つながり《+『of』+『名』》 / (商店・銀行・ホテルなどの)チェーン(一連の店が同一資本のもとで連携して経営される方式;その店) / チェーン(測量で用いられる単位;約21.7m) / …'を'『鎖でつなぐ』《+『up』(『together』)+『名,』+『名』+『up』(『together』)》
- 〈U〉『煙』;煙状のもの / 〈C〉たばこの一服,喫煙 / 〈C〉《話》たばこ,(特に)紙巻きたばこ / 『煙を出す』,煙る;湯気を立てる / 『たばこを吸う』 / 〈たばこ・麻薬など〉‘を'『吸う』 / 〈肉・魚〉‘を'『薫製』(くんせい)『にする』,いぶす
- 喫煙家 / (また『smoking car』)喫煙車 / 《まれ》男だけの楽しみの集まり
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2015/03/02 17:19:40」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
"Chainsmoker" redirects here. For the EDM producers, see The Chainsmokers.
Chain smoking is the practice of consuming multiple cigarettes in succession, sometimes using the ember of a finished cigarette to light the next. Typically "chain smoker" is used to describe a person who smokes relatively constantly, not necessarily chaining each cigarette. The term applies primarily to cigarettes, although it can be used to describe incessant cigar and pipe smoking as well. It is a common form of addiction.[1]
Contents
- 1 Causes
- 2 Clinical use
- 3 Ventilation
- 4 Chain smokers
- 5 See also
- 6 References
Causes
The use of cocaine or amphetamine with cigarettes can result in chain smoking.[2] Many people chain smoke when drinking alcoholic beverages because alcohol potentiates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, leading to re-sensitization and hence inducing a craving.[3]
The extent to which chain smoking is driven by nicotine dependence has been studied. It does not seem that the amount of nicotine delivered is a significant factor as the puff volume correlates poorly with the frequency of cigarette consumption.[4]
Clinical use
Chain-smoking is given as an example of excessive addictive behaviour in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.[5] It may be used as a form of aversion therapy for smokers who are unused to such heavy smoking, inducing them to give up altogether.[6]
Ventilation
Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) professionals claim that an airflow of about 1000 cubic feet (28.32 cubic meters) per minute per smoker is required to maintain satisfactory air quality when the smokers are chain smoking.[7] However, research confirms that current HVAC systems, while important for general air quality, cannot control exposure to secondhand smoke.[8]
Chain smokers
A number of public figures were noted for being chain smokers.
- Dick Allen[9]
- Mark Belanger[10]
- John Boehner[11]
- Yul Brynner - famously figured in a posthumous anti-smoking campaign by the American Cancer Society ("Just don't smoke")
- Paul "Bear" Bryant[12]
- Coco Chanel[13] - "Smoked 50 cigarettes a day"
- Andrew Dice Clay - Known for chain smoking in his acts.
- Nat "King" Cole - Renowned Jazz performer who chain-smoked Kool cigarettes
- John Daly[14]
- King Diamond[15]
- Joe DiMaggio[16]
- Walt Disney[17]
- Dwight D. Eisenhower[18]
- Ian Fleming - Creator of James Bond and famous writer. He is reported to have smoked 80 cigarettes a day.
- Dian Fossey[19]
- Mark Grace[20]
- Ulysses S. Grant
- Joe Grzenda[21]
- Harvey Haddix[22]
- Warren G. Harding[23]
- Charles Hawtrey [24]
- Jesse Helms - Big supporter of tobacco and chain smoked until 1992, but still supported tobacco.[25] Also criticized by Bill Hicks in his posthumous album Rant in E-Minor.[26]
- Keith Hernandez[27]
- Gil Hodges[28]
- Lyndon B. Johnson[29]
- Buster Keaton[30]
- Lemmy Kilmister - Quit as of late 2013.[31]
- Anne Kirkbride - Coronation Street actor, died on 19 January 2015
- Kim Jong-il[32]
- Ashton Kutcher - chain-smoked since the age of 16, until he quit in 2005 to prepare for his role in the 2006 film, The Guardian
- Jim Leyland[33]
- Vince Lombardi - quit in October 1963[34]
- Roger Maris[35]
- Johnny Most[36]
- Edward R. Murrow[37]
- Joe Namath[38]
- Willie Nelson - Used to smoke 2-3 packs per day, but quit due to health problems.[39]
- Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis[40]
- Lou Piniella[41]
- Yitzhak Rabin[42]
- Franklin D. Roosevelt[43]
- Pete Rozelle[44]
- Marge Schott[45]
- Ted Simmons[46]
- Frank Sinatra - Renowned American Crooner and Movie Star who like Nat "King" Cole smoked several cigarettes a day
- Jerry Sloan[47]
- Doug Stanhope - Quit smoking, but uses electronic cigarettes.[48][49]
- Donatella Versace[50]
- John Wayne[51]
- Earl Weaver[52]
- Maury Wills[53]
- Carl Yastrzemski[54]
See also
References
- ^ Charles, Gerras (1976). The Encyclopedia of Common Diseases. Rodale Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-87857-113-0.
- ^ Fisher, Gary L.; Roget, Nancy A. (11 November 2008). Encyclopedia of Substance Abuse Prevention, Treatment, and Recovery. SAGE Publications. ISBN 978-1-4129-5084-8.
- ^ Rose, J.; Brauer, L.; Behm, F.; Cramblett, M. (2004). "Psychopharmacological interactions between nicotine and ethanol". Nicotine & Tobacco Research 6 (1): 133–44. doi:10.1080/14622200310001656957. PMID 14982697.
- ^ Kolonen, S.; Tuomisto, J.; Puustinen, P.; Airaksinen, M. M. (1992). "Effects of smoking abstinence and chain-smoking on puffing topography and diurnal nicotine exposure". Pharmacol Biochem Behav 42 (2): 327–32. doi:10.1016/0091-3057(92)90535-N. PMID 1631188.
- ^ Helen, Keane (2002). What's Wrong with Addiction?. Melbourne University Publish. p. 100. ISBN 978-0-522-84991-2.
- ^ Cocores, James (1991). The Clinical Management of Nicotine Dependence. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-0-387-97464-4.
- ^ Rock, Brian A. (13 January 2006). Ventilation for Environmental Tobacco Smoke. Elsevier Science. p. 48. ISBN 978-0-08-052539-6.
- ^ U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2006). The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: A Report of the Surgeon General. p. 92.
- ^ King, Kelley (19 July 1999). "Dick Allen, Baseball Bad Boy". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
- ^ Okrent, Daniel (1985). Nine Innings: The Anatomy of a Baseball Game. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 107. ISBN 0-618-05669-6.
- ^ DeFrank, Thomas M. (13 September 2010). "'Face the Nation' cigarette query rattles chain-smokin' GOP big John Boehner". New York Daily News. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
- ^ Thompson, Wright (24 May 2012). "The last ride of Bear and Billy". ESPN.com. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
- ^ Samuel, Henry (22 April 2009). "Whiff of Kafka to Coco Chanel smoking poster ban". telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
- ^ Lukas, Paul (29 April 2008). "The rule in sports: Smoke 'em if you got 'em". ESPN.com. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
- ^ "King Diamond Undergoes Triple Bypass Heart Surgery". Blabbermouth.net. 11 December 2010. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
- ^ Jerome, Richard (29 March 1999). "Joe Dimaggio: the Quiet Man". PEOPLE Magazine. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
- ^ Walker, Tim (18 November 2013). "Walt Disney’s chain-smoking habit that new film 'Saving Mr Banks' hides from view". The Independent. Retrieved 9 December 2013.
- ^ Korda, Michael (December 2007). "Ike at D-Day". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
- ^ "Gorillas' Protector on the Hunt for Poachers". The Palm Beach Post. 24 October 1985. p. B8. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
- ^ Bickley, Dan (14 February 2013). "A cold wake-up call for humbled Diamondbacks' Mark Grace". USA Today. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
- ^ Langford, Jim. "Joe Grzenda". BaseballLibary.com. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
- ^ Chen, Albert (1 June 2009). "The Greatest Game Ever Pitched". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
- ^ "Nationalpastime.com". Retrieved 27 October 2013.
- ^ Roger Lewis, The Man Who Was Private Widdle, London, 2002
- ^ "Jesse Helms". The Daily Telegraph (London: TMG). 6 July 2008. ISSN 0307-1235. OCLC 49632006. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
- ^ BillHicks1961 (25 March 2009). "Bill Hicks - Deficit (Jesse Helms)". YouTube. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
- ^ "Steroid Frenzy Goes Into High Gear". Daily Kos. 30 March 2006. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
- ^ Clavin, Tom; Danny Peary (2012). Gil Hodges: the Brooklyn bums, the miracle Mets, and the extraordinary life of a baseball legend. New York: New American Library, a division of Penguin Group (USA) Inc. ISBN 978-1-101-59305-9.
- ^ Beschloss, Michael (4 December 2012). "In His Final Days, LBJ Agonized Over His Legacy". PBS News Hour. Retrieved 9 December 2013.
- ^ Cummings, K. Michael (1994). "A picture is worth a thousand words". Tobacco Control (3): 300–301. doi:10.1136/tc.3.4.300.
- ^ Pasbani, Robert (22 November 2013). "Lemmy Kilmister Says He's Quit Smoking And Only Drinks Wine". Metal Injection. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
- ^ Fife-Yeomans, Janet (20 December 2011). "Kim Jong-il – the high life of an evil dictator". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 20 December 2011.
When North Korea's Dear Leader, the chain-smoking Kim Jong-il, 69, died on Saturday
- ^ Madden, Bill (21 October 2013). "MLB loses one of its great characters as Jim Leyland retires as Tigers manager". New York Daily News. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
- ^ Maraniss, David (1999). "19". When Pride Still Mattered: A Life of Vince Lombardi. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-684-87290-2.
- ^ Borelli, Stephen (17 January 2002). "Remember Roger Maris?". USA Today. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
- ^ Greenwood, Alan (8 December 2013). "Johnny, we still know ye". The Telegraph (Nashua, NH). Retrieved 28 October 2013.
- ^ "Edward R. Murrow, Broadcaster And Ex-Chief of U.S.I.A., Dies". The New York Times. 28 April 1965. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
- ^ Debolt, Abbe A.; Baugess, James S., eds. (December 2011). Encyclopedia of the Sixties: A Decade of Culture and Counterculture (Volume 2: N-Z). Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood (ABC-CLIO). p. 454. ISBN 978-0-313-32944-9.
- ^ "Willie Nelson: Road Rules And Deep Thoughts". NPR. 18 November 2012. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
- ^ Schneider, Karen; Reed, J.D.; Levitt, Shelley; Gleick, Elizabeth (6 June 1994). "Hour of Farewell". PEOPLE magazine 41 (21). Retrieved 23 November 2014.
- ^ Sherwin, Bob (1 April 1993). "The Pride And The Passion -- M's Manager Lou Piniella Brings Emotion And A Fierce Will To Win To Seattle Baseball". The Seattle Times. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
- ^ New York Times
- ^ Hastings, Max (19 January 2009). "Franklin D. Roosevelt: The man who conquered fear". The Independent. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
- ^ Sandomir, Richard (7 November 2004). "'America's Game': The Real National Pastime". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
- ^ Radel, Cliff (2 March 2004). "'A woman of the people'". The Cincinnati Enquirer. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
- ^ Okrent, Daniel (1985). Nine Innings: The Anatomy of a Baseball Game. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 107. ISBN 0-618-05669-6.
- ^ Maxa, Kathleen (12 August 1979). "The Great Debate Over Puffing . . . Should Athletes Take Tobacco?". The Washington Star. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
- ^ Ilya (29 April 2011). "Burning Bridges: An Interview With Doug Stanhope". thelaughbutton.com. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
- ^ Phillips, Nicholas (4 November 2010). "Doug Stanhope Sounds Off on the British, Bill Hicks and Why He Loathes Comedy Clubs". Riverfront Times. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
- ^ "Celebrity Smoking List". 24 April 2013. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
- ^ Balch, Dr. Charles (14 February 2010). "John Wayne’s Change of Heart About Smoking Cigarettes". My Cancer Advisor. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
- ^ Klingaman, Mike; Peter Schmuck (19 January 2013). "Former Orioles manager Earl Weaver dies at 82". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
- ^ "The Official Site of the Kansas City Royals". 24 April 2013. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
- ^ Okrent, Daniel (1985). Nine Innings: The Anatomy of a Baseball Game. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 107. ISBN 0-618-05669-6.
Smoking
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Country and region |
- Albania
- Argentina
- Brazil
- Canada
- China
- Colombia
- Ecuador
- Egypt
- England
- Finland
- France
- Germany
- Greece
- Hong Kong
- Iceland
- India
- Indonesia
- Ireland
- Italy
- Japan
- Macau
- Malaysia
- New Zealand
- Nigeria
- Norway
- Pakistan
- Philippines
- Singapore
- South Korea
- Sweden
- Syria
- Taiwan
- Tokelau
- Turkey
- United Kingdom
- United States
- Uruguay
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Religion |
- Smoking in Jewish law
- Tobacco fatwa
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Traditional |
- Calumet (pipe)
- Chanunpa
- Kinnikinnick
- Pipe bag
- Sun Dance
- Sweat lodge
- Yuwipi
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Health |
- Health effects of tobacco (Nicotine poisoning
- Nicotine withdrawal)
- Passive smoking
- Third-hand smoke
- Prevalence of tobacco consumption
- Schizophrenia and smoking
- Sidestream smoke
- Smoker's face
- Smoker's melanosis
- Stomatitis nicotina
- Smoking age
- Smoking and male infertility
- Smoking cessation
- Tobacco-Free Pharmacies
- Tobacco packaging warning messages
- WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control
- Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products
- World No Tobacco Day
- Youth smoking
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Women and smoking |
- Breastfeeding difficulties
- Breast cancer
- Cervical cancer
- Menopause
- Ptosis of the breast
- Smoking and female infertility
- Smoking and pregnancy
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Smoking ban |
- Inflight smoking
- List of smoking bans
- Smoking bans in private vehicles
|
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Country and region |
|
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Other |
- Chain smoking
- Cigarette consumption per capita
- History of smoking
- Smokeasy
- Smoking fetishism
- Tobacco advertising
- Tobacco bowdlerization
- Tobacco industry
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Cigarettes
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Types |
- Fashion
- Fire safe
- Kretek
- Lights
- Menthol
- Beedi
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Components |
- Tobacco
- Rolling paper
- Filter
- Additives
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Peripherals |
- Ashtray
- Case
- Holder
- Lighter
- Pack
- Receptacles
- Vending machine
|
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Culture |
- Cigarette card
- Cigarette smoking among college students
- Smoking fetishism
- Tobacco smoking
|
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Health issues |
- Chain smoking
- Cigarette smoking for weight loss
- Nicotine poisoning
- Passive smoking
- Third-hand smoke
- Schizophrenia and smoking
- Sidestream smoke
- Smoking cessation
- Tobacco harm reduction
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Related products |
- Nicotine patch
- Nicotine gum
- Nicotine inhaler
- Nicotine lozenge
- Electronic cigarette
- Candy cigarette
- Herbal cigarette
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Tobacco industry |
- Cultivation of tobacco
- Egyptian cigarette industry
- History of commercial tobacco in the United States
- Tobacco advertising
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|
Government
and the law |
- Cigarette smuggling
- Illicit cigarette trade
- Plain cigarette packaging
- Smoking age
- Smoking bans in private vehicles
- Tobacco control movement
- Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement
- Tobacco packaging warning messages
- Tobacco politics
- WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control
- Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products
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Lists |
- Cigarette brands
- Cigarette smoke carcinogens
- Countries by cigarette consumption per capita
- Rolling papers
- Smoking bans
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Genetic Polymorphisms of Cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) and Glutathione S-Transferase P1 (GSTP1) and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Among Chronic Hepatitis C Patients in Egypt.
- Abo-Hashem EM1, El-Emshaty WM2, Farag RE3, Zakaria S3, Abd El-Aziz M3, Ghonaim A4.
- Biochemical genetics.Biochem Genet.2016 Jun 7. [Epub ahead of print]
- Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) genes are involved in the metabolism of many carcinogens. Polymorphisms in these genes with altered enzyme activity have been reported. The present study evaluated the synergistic effect between CYP1A1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms
- PMID 27271262
- ALK-rearranged pulmonary adenocarcinoma in Thai Patients: From diagnosis to treatment efficacy.
- Incharoen P1, Reungwetwattana T2, Saowapa S3, Kamprerasart K1, Pangpunyakulchai D1, Arsa L1, Jinawath A4.
- World journal of surgical oncology.World J Surg Oncol.2016 May 3;14:139. doi: 10.1186/s12957-016-0893-6.
- BACKGROUND: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangement is detected in 3% to 13% of non-small cell lung carcinoma patients, and these patients benefit from ALK inhibitors. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, the clinical and histological characteristics and the treatment o
- PMID 27142166
- PIK3CA Mutations Detected in Patients with Central Nervous System Metastases of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.
- Nicoś M1, Krawczyk P2, Powrózek T2, Szudy P2, Jarosz B3, Sawicki M4, Szumiło J5, Trojanowski T3, Milanowski J2.
- Anticancer research.Anticancer Res.2016 May;36(5):2243-9.
- BACKGROUND: In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) gene mutations have been reported in fewer than 5% of primary tumors.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We assessed PIK3CA gene mutations in 145 tissue samples from central nerv
- PMID 27127129
Japanese Journal
- Expression of Adiponectin Receptor 1 Is Indicative of Favorable Prognosis in Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma
- Abdul-Ghafar Jamshid,Soo Oh Sung,Park Sun-Mi,Wairagu Peninah,Nyung Lee Shun,Jeong Yangsik,Eom Minseob,Yong Suk-Joong,Jung Soon-Hee
- The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine 229(2), 153-162, 2013
- … We evaluated the tissue expression of adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) 1 and AdipoR2 in 83 cases of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and matched non-neoplastic lung tissues by immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). … Clinicopathological data, including smoking history, smoker's bronchiolitis, emphysema, lymph node metastasis, and T-stage were collected and evaluated. …
- NAID 130004460045
- Current status of human papilloma virus infection in oropharynx cancer:—A multicenter study in Japan
- 藤井 正人
- 頭頸部癌 38(4), 390-393, 2012
- … OPSCC tissue samples from 158 patients were tested using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Hybrid Capture II (HC2). … The ratios of non-smoker and non-drinker OPSCC patients were also was larger in the HPV-positive patients than in the HPV-negative patients. …
- NAID 130004510153
- 肺 Mycobacterium shimoidei 感染症の1例
- 高山 聡,富永 慎一郎,塚田 義一 [他],大河内 稔,稲瀬 直彦
- 結核 81(8), 537-541, 2006-08-15
- … A 68 year-old male who was ex-smoker presented with fever and cough. … But the isolate was not identified by polymerise chain reaction method. …
- NAID 10018335719
Related Links
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- デジタルミュージック の優れたセレクションでオンラインショッピング。
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 煙。煤煙。噴煙。(理)煙。蚊やり火、いぶし火。煙色、くすんだ灰色、うす青色
- 煙に似たもの、切り、しぶき(spray)、湯気、上記
- 実体のないもの、空。もやもやした状態/状況
- (動詞から転じて)(タバコ・マリファナの)一服(の量)。葉巻、巻きタバコ、パイプ
[★]
- 関
- open-chain、strand
[★]
- 関
- tobacco user