WordNet

the 3rd letter of the Roman alphabet (同)c
(music) the keynote of the scale of C major
a general-purpose programing language closely associated with the UNIX operating system
any group or radical of the form RCO- where R is an organic group; "an example of the acyl group is the acetyl group" (同)acyl_group

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carbonの化学記号
cobaltの化学記号

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/11/17 15:55:02」(JST)

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General chemical structure of an acyl-CoA, where R is a fatty acid side chain

Acyl-CoA is a group of coenzymes involved in the metabolism of fatty acids. It is a temporary compound formed when coenzyme A (CoA) attaches to the end of a long-chain fatty acid inside living cells. The compound undergoes beta oxidation, forming one or more molecules of acetyl-CoA. This, in turn, enters the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several molecules of ATP.

Functions

Fatty acid activation

To be oxidatively degraded, a fatty acid must first be activated in a two-step reaction catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase. First, the fatty acid displaces the diphosphate group of ATP, then coenzyme A (HSCoA) displaces the AMP group to form an acyl-CoA. The acyladenylate product of the first step has a large free energy of hydrolysis and conserves the free energy of the cleaved phosphoanhydride bond in ATP. The second step, transfer of the acyl group to CoA (the same molecule that carries acetyl groups as acetyl-CoA), conserves free energy in the formation of a thioester bond. Consequently, the overall reaction has a free energy change near zero:

Fatty acid + CoA + ATP ⇌ Acyl-CoA + AMP + PP_i

Subsequent hydrolysis of the product PP_i (by the enzyme inorganic pyrophosphatase) is highly exergonic, and this reaction makes the formation of acyl-CoA spontaneous and irreversible.

Fatty acids are activated in the cytosol, but oxidation occurs in the mitochondria. Because there is no transport protein for CoA adducts, acyl groups must enter the mitochondria via a shuttle system involving the small molecule carnitine.^[1]

References

^ Pratt C.W., Cornely, K. Essential Biochemistry. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (2004)

External links

Acyl Coenzyme A at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

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UpToDate Contents

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1. 特定の脂肪酸酸化障害 specific fatty acid oxidation disorders
2. ペルオキシソーム病 peroxisomal disorders
3. 脂肪酸酸化障害の概要 overview of fatty acid oxidation disorders
4. 筋肉におけるエネルギー代謝 energy metabolism in muscle
5. 腎疾患におけるカルニチン代謝と透析 carnitine metabolism in renal disease and dialysis

English Journal

Functional characterization of two single nucleotide polymorphisms of acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 2.

He X1, Leow KY2, Yang H3, Heng CK4.
Gene.Gene.2015 Jul 25;566(2):236-41. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.04.061. Epub 2015 Apr 24.
BACKGROUND: Acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 2 (ACAT2) plays a critical role in the formation of cholesteryl esters from cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a potential target for treating hypercholesterolemia. We recently reported the significant effects of two human ACAT2 gene polymorph
PMID 25917363

Characterization of a long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase 1 gene and association between its SNPs and growth traits in the clam Meretrix meretrix.

Dai P1, Huan P2, Wang H2, Lu X3, Liu B4.
Gene.Gene.2015 Jul 25;566(2):194-200. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.04.047. Epub 2015 Apr 18.
Long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligases (ACSLs) play crucial roles in fatty acid (FA) metabolism. They convert free long-chain FA into acyl-CoAs, which are key intermediates in both anabolic and catabolic pathways. A long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase gene was cloned in the clam Meretrix meretrix (MmeACSL1)
PMID 25900031

Comparative analysis of the hepatopancreas transcriptome of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) fed with lard oil and fish oil diets.

Tian JJ1, Lu RH2, Ji H3, Sun J1, Li C1, Liu P1, Lei CX1, Chen LQ4, Du ZY4.
Gene.Gene.2015 Jul 10;565(2):192-200. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.04.010. Epub 2015 Apr 10.
n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFAs) have been shown to suppress lipid accumulation and improve protein utilization in grass carp; however, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanism. Hence, we analyzed the hepatopancreas transcriptome of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)
PMID 25865300

Japanese Journal

Protective effects of manassantin A against ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin advpub(0), 2016
NAID 130005112652

レチノール結合タンパク質群によるビタミンAの輸送,貯蔵,代謝の調節とその意義

ビタミン 89(5・6), 271-274, 2015-06-25
NAID 110009969587

Light-dependent transcriptional events during resting egg hatching of the rotifer Brachionus manjavacas

Marine Genomics 20, 25-31, 2015-04
NAID 120005600829

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「アシルCoA」「acyl-coenzyme A」「アシル補酵素A」「fatty acyl-CoA」「アシル-CoA」
拡張検索	「acyl-CoA-cholesterol acyltransferase」「very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase」「medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase」「deficiency of medium-chainacyl-CoA dehydrogenase syndrome」
関連記事	「C」「CoA」「COA」「Co」