WordNet
- European perennial herb with greenish yellow terminal flower clusters (同)Euphorbia amygdaloides
- strike with a spur
- any sharply pointed projection (同)spine, acantha
- tubular extension at the base of the corolla in some flowers
- a sharp prod fixed to a riders heel and used to urge a horse onward; "cowboys know not to squat with their spurs on" (同)gad
- give heart or courage to (同)goad
- equip with spurs; "spur horses"
- goad with spurs; "the rider spurred his horse"
- incite or stimulate; "The Academy was formed to spur research"
- the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees
- a golf club with a long shaft used to hit long shots; originally made with a wooden head; "metal woods are now standard"
- United States painter noted for works based on life in the Midwest (1892-1942) (同)Grant Wood
- English writer of novels about murders and thefts and forgeries (1814-1887) (同)Mrs. Henry Wood, Ellen Price Wood
- United States film actress (1938-1981) (同)Natalie Wood
- English conductor (1869-1944) (同)Sir Henry Wood, Sir Henry Joseph Wood
- make amorous advances towards; "John is courting Mary" (同)court, romance, solicit
- seek someones favor; "China is wooing Russia" (同)court
- covered with growing trees and bushes etc; "wooded land"; "a heavily wooded tract"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 『拍車』 / (…に対する)『刺激』,激励《+『to』(『for』)+『名』》 / 拍車状のもの,(鶏などの)けづめ,(植物の)距(きょ) / (山などの)支脈 / (行き止まり)支線 / 〈馬〉‘に'拍車を当てる《+『on』+『名』,+『名』+『on』》 / 〈人〉‘を'かり立てる:《『spur』+『名』+『to』(『into』)+『名』…に…をかり立てる》
- 〈U〉(樹木の)木質部,木質 / 〈U〉(建築・燃料用の)『木材』,材木,たきぎ / 〈C〉《しばしば複数形で;単数扱い》『森』,林 / 〈C〉(木管楽器などの)木製品 / 〈C〉ウッド(頭部が木製のゴルフの長打用クラブ) / 木製の / 木材用の / 森に住む,森で生割する
- 《英では古》〈女性〉‘に'求愛する,求婚する; / 〈人〉‘に'頼み込む,せがむ / 〈名誉・富など〉‘を'求める / 求愛する,求婚する
- 樹木の茂った,森の多い
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/04/23 14:02:50」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Euphorbia amygdaloides |
|
| Scientific classification |
| Kingdom: |
Plantae |
| (unranked): |
Angiosperms |
| (unranked): |
Eudicots |
| (unranked): |
Rosids |
| Order: |
Malpighiales |
| Family: |
Euphorbiaceae |
| Genus: |
Euphorbia |
| Species: |
E. amygdaloides |
| Binomial name |
Euphorbia amygdaloides
L. |
Euphorbia amygdaloides (wood spurge) is a species of flowering plant in the family Euphorbiaceae, native to woodland locations in Europe, Turkey and the Caucasus. It is a bushy evergreen perennial, growing to a height of 80 cm (31 in), with dark green slightly hairy leaves about 6 cm (2 in) long. The complex green-yellow inflorescence (cyathium), typical of Euphorbia, appears in late spring and early summer.[1]
It is among the few plants that thrive in the dry shade of trees, where it is used as groundcover. It spreads rapidly by underground rhizomes and can become invasive, though relatively easy to remove.[1]
The milky latex of the plant is toxic and can cause irritation on contact with the skin.
References
- ^ a b RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 1405332964.
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Euphorbia amygdaloides. |
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Crude extract of Euphorbia formosana inhibits the migration and invasion of DU145 human prostate cancer cells: The role of matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 inhibition via the MAPK signaling pathway.
- Yang JL, Lin JH, Weng SW, Chen JC, Yang JS, Amagaya S, Funayana S, Wood WG, Kuo CL, Chung JG.Author information Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, and Department ofChinese Medicine, Taichung Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC.AbstractProstate cancer is a common worldwide health problem in males with a poor prognosis due in part to tumor invasion and migration. The crude extract of Euphorbia formosana (CEEF) has been used for the treatment of numerous diseases, however, its effects on the migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells have yet to be examined. In the present study, we investigated the effects of CEEF on the migration and invasion of DU145 human prostate cancer cells in vitro. The wound healing assay and the Matrigel-uncoated migration assay were used to examine the migration of cancer cells. Western blotting was used to examine the levels of proteins associated with migration and invasion, and gelatin zymography was used to examine the secretion levels of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 (MMP‑2/9) from DU145 cells following exposure to CEEF. The results indicated that CEEF suppressed the migration and invasion of DU145 prostate cancer cells and that these effects are exerted in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. CEEF inhibited the ERK1/2, p38, JNK, SOS1, PKC, PI3K and MMP-2/9 protein expression in DU145 cells. The results demonstrated that CEEF suppressed the migration and invasion of DU145 cells through inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway resulting in the inhibition of MMP-2/9 in DU145 human prostate cancer cells.
- Molecular medicine reports.Mol Med Rep.2013 May;7(5):1403-8. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1380. Epub 2013 Mar 20.
- Prostate cancer is a common worldwide health problem in males with a poor prognosis due in part to tumor invasion and migration. The crude extract of Euphorbia formosana (CEEF) has been used for the treatment of numerous diseases, however, its effects on the migration and invasion of prostate cancer
- PMID 23525212
- Latex of Euphorbia antiquorum induces apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells via c-jun n-terminal kinase activation and reactive oxygen species production.
- Hsieh WT, Lin HY, Chen JH, Kuo YH, Fan MJ, Wu RS, Wu KC, Wood WG, Chung JG.Author information Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.AbstractLatex of Euphorbia antiquorum (EA) has inhibitory effects on several different cancer cell lines. However, the molecular mechanism of EA inhibitory effects on human cervical cancer HeLa cell growth has not been explored. EA induced apoptosis, which was characterized by morphological change, DNA fragmentation, increased sub-G1 population, and alterations in levels of apoptosis-associated proteins. Treatment with EA increased cell death and expression levels of caspase-8, -9, and -3. EA suppressed expression of Bcl-2, increased Bax, and reduced cleavage of Bid and the translocation of tBid to the mitochondria and the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. EA caused a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and an increase in cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). EA-induced ROS formation was suppressed by cyclosporine A (an inhibitor of the ΔΨm) or allopurinol (an effective scavenger of ROS). EA also increased expression of Fas, FasL, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and decreased expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2-p. Co-treatment with the JNK inhibitor SP600125 inhibited EA-induced apoptosis and the activation of caspase-8, -9, and -3. Results of this study provide support for the hypothesis that EA causes cell death via apoptotic pathways in human cervical adenocarcinoma HeLa cells.
- Nutrition and cancer.Nutr Cancer.2011 Nov;63(8):1339-47. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2011.608481. Epub 2011 Nov 1.
- Latex of Euphorbia antiquorum (EA) has inhibitory effects on several different cancer cell lines. However, the molecular mechanism of EA inhibitory effects on human cervical cancer HeLa cell growth has not been explored. EA induced apoptosis, which was characterized by morphological change, DNA frag
- PMID 22044063
- Antinematodal activities of ingenane diterpenes from Euphorbia kansui and their derivatives against the pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus).
- Shi J, Li Z, Nitoda T, Izumi M, Kanzakia H, Baba N, Kawazu K, Nakajima S.Author information Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Department of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, Tsushima naka 3-1-1, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.AbstractUnder the bioassay-guided method, two diterpenes, 3-O-(2",3"-dimethylbutanoyl)-13-O-dodecanoylingenol (1) and 3-O-(2",3"-dimethylbutanoyl)-13-O-decanoylingenol (2) isolated from Euphorbia kansui, showed a pronounced antinematodal activity against the nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus at the same minimum effective dose (MED) of 5 microg per cotton ball and still displayed antinematodal activity at a dose of 2.5 microg per cotton ball. Compounds 3-6 were obtained, and the structure of the new compound 6 was elucidated based on 1D- and 2D-NMR analyses and physicochemical data. Preliminary structure-biological activity relationships of ingenane-type compounds were deduced.
- Zeitschrift für Naturforschung. C, Journal of biosciences.Z Naturforsch C.2008 Jan-Feb;63(1-2):59-65.
- Under the bioassay-guided method, two diterpenes, 3-O-(2",3"-dimethylbutanoyl)-13-O-dodecanoylingenol (1) and 3-O-(2",3"-dimethylbutanoyl)-13-O-decanoylingenol (2) isolated from Euphorbia kansui, showed a pronounced antinematodal activity against the nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus at the same m
- PMID 18386489
Related Links
- Purple wood spurge is known for its dark leaves. The foliage color of Euphorbia amygdaloides 'Purpurea' changes with the seasons and is sometimes burgundy. ... Plant Taxonomy of Purple Wood Spurge: According to plant taxonomy, purple wood spurge is categorized as ...
- About Wood Spurge is, as its name suggests, commonly found in woodlands, particularly damp and coppiced woods. The ancestor of our garden varieties of Euphorbia (spurge), its attractive, greeny-yellow flowers can be seen from ...
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 拍車。[fig]刺激、激励、あおり、動悸
- 拍車状突起。(登山などの)アイゼン。(鶏などの)けづけ、距。(医)棘突起(osteophyte
- (地)山脚(山・山脈から分岐した支脈部)、海脚。(急流から土手を守るための)突堤。
- (建)けづめ(friffe)。控え柱、支柱。
[★]
- 関
- woody、xylem
[★]
ハツユキソウ
- 関
- Euphorbia、Euphorbiaceae