WordNet

made of or containing or resembling wood; "woody plants"; "perennial herbs with woody stems"; "a woody taste"
made hard like wood as the result of the deposition of lignin in the cell walls
not woody; not consisting of or resembling wood
having a woody stem
the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees
a golf club with a long shaft used to hit long shots; originally made with a wooden head; "metal woods are now standard"
make amorous advances towards; "John is courting Mary" (同)court, romance, solicit
seek someones favor; "China is wooing Russia" (同)court

PrepTutorEJDIC

木質の,木の / 樹木の多い,樹木の茂った / 木特有の,木に似た
〈U〉(樹木の)木質部,木質 / 〈U〉(建築・燃料用の)『木材』,材木,たきぎ / 〈C〉《しばしば複数形で;単数扱い》『森』,林 / 〈C〉(木管楽器などの)木製品 / 〈C〉ウッド(頭部が木製のゴルフの長打用クラブ) / 木製の / 木材用の / 森に住む,森で生割する
《英では古》〈女性〉‘に'求愛する,求婚する; / 〈人〉‘に'頼み込む,せがむ / 〈名誉・富など〉‘を'求める / 求愛する,求婚する

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/01/11 02:46:19」(JST)

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1. 顎下隙感染症（ルードヴィヒアンギナ） submandibular space infections ludwigs angina
2. 浮腫性硬化症 scleredema
3. 自己免疫性甲状腺疾患における前脛骨部粘液水腫（甲状腺皮膚症） pretibial myxedema thyroid dermopathy in autoimmune thyroid disease
4. アトピー性角結膜炎 atopic keratoconjunctivitis
5. 感染性腱滑膜炎 infectious tenosynovitis

English Journal

Functional analysis of BpDREB2 gene involved in salt and drought response from a woody plant Broussonetia papyrifera.

Sun J1, Peng X2, Fan W2, Tang M2, Liu J2, Shen S3.Author information 1Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Nutrition and Fertilization, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing,100081, PR China.2Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.3Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China. Electronic address: shshen@ibcas.ac.cn.AbstractThe dehydration-responsive element binding proteins (DREBs) are important transcription factors in the regulation of plant responses to abiotic stresses. In this study, BpDREB2, an AP2/DREB-type transcription factor gene, was cloned from a woody plant, Broussonetia papyrifera by RACE-PCR. Sequence analyses revealed that BpDREB2 protein has three characteristic domains, including an AP2/EREBP, a nuclear localization signal and an acidic activation domain. Yeast one-hybrid assays showed that BpDREB2 protein specifically binds to the DRE sequence and activates the expression of reporter genes in yeast. These results suggested that BpDREB2 protein could function as a transcription factor of DREB family. The expression of BpDREB2 gene was remarkably induced by dehydration and high-salt treatments, but no significant change was observed under ABA or low-temperature conditions. Importantly, transgenic expression of BpDREB2 gene in Arabidopsis significantly enhanced its tolerance to salt and freezing without causing growth retardation. Taken together, these results suggested that BpDREB2 is a novel member of the AP2/EREBP trans-acting factor family which could enhance salt stress tolerance of plants and has the potential application in the improvement of crops and economical tree species.
Gene.Gene.2014 Feb 10;535(2):140-9. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.11.047. Epub 2013 Dec 3.
The dehydration-responsive element binding proteins (DREBs) are important transcription factors in the regulation of plant responses to abiotic stresses. In this study, BpDREB2, an AP2/DREB-type transcription factor gene, was cloned from a woody plant, Broussonetia papyrifera by RACE-PCR. Sequence a
PMID 24315817

Temperature response of photosynthesis in C3, C 4, and CAM plants: temperature acclimation and temperature adaptation.

Yamori W, Hikosaka K, Way DA.Author information Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences, Chiba University, Kashiwa-no-ha 6-2-1, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan, wataru.yamori@chiba-u.jp.AbstractMost plants show considerable capacity to adjust their photosynthetic characteristics to their growth temperatures (temperature acclimation). The most typical case is a shift in the optimum temperature for photosynthesis, which can maximize the photosynthetic rate at the growth temperature. These plastic adjustments can allow plants to photosynthesize more efficiently at their new growth temperatures. In this review article, we summarize the basic differences in photosynthetic reactions in C3, C4, and CAM plants. We review the current understanding of the temperature responses of C3, C4, and CAM photosynthesis, and then discuss the underlying physiological and biochemical mechanisms for temperature acclimation of photosynthesis in each photosynthetic type. Finally, we use the published data to evaluate the extent of photosynthetic temperature acclimation in higher plants, and analyze which plant groups (i.e., photosynthetic types and functional types) have a greater inherent ability for photosynthetic acclimation to temperature than others, since there have been reported interspecific variations in this ability. We found that the inherent ability for temperature acclimation of photosynthesis was different: (1) among C3, C4, and CAM species; and (2) among functional types within C3 plants. C3 plants generally had a greater ability for temperature acclimation of photosynthesis across a broad temperature range, CAM plants acclimated day and night photosynthetic process differentially to temperature, and C4 plants was adapted to warm environments. Moreover, within C3 species, evergreen woody plants and perennial herbaceous plants showed greater temperature homeostasis of photosynthesis (i.e., the photosynthetic rate at high-growth temperature divided by that at low-growth temperature was close to 1.0) than deciduous woody plants and annual herbaceous plants, indicating that photosynthetic acclimation would be particularly important in perennial, long-lived species that would experience a rise in growing season temperatures over their lifespan. Interestingly, across growth temperatures, the extent of temperature homeostasis of photosynthesis was maintained irrespective of the extent of the change in the optimum temperature for photosynthesis (T opt), indicating that some plants achieve greater photosynthesis at the growth temperature by shifting T opt, whereas others can also achieve greater photosynthesis at the growth temperature by changing the shape of the photosynthesis-temperature curve without shifting T opt. It is considered that these differences in the inherent stability of temperature acclimation of photosynthesis would be reflected by differences in the limiting steps of photosynthetic rate.
Photosynthesis research.Photosynth Res.2014 Feb;119(1-2):101-17. doi: 10.1007/s11120-013-9874-6. Epub 2013 Jun 26.
Most plants show considerable capacity to adjust their photosynthetic characteristics to their growth temperatures (temperature acclimation). The most typical case is a shift in the optimum temperature for photosynthesis, which can maximize the photosynthetic rate at the growth temperature. These pl
PMID 23801171

The flavor of pomegranate fruit: a review.

Mayuoni-Kirshinbaum L, Porat R.Author information Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel.AbstractDespite the increasing commercial importance of pomegranate, especially because of its recently discovered health-promoting benefits, relatively little is yet known regarding its sensory quality and flavor preferences, or about the biochemical constituents that determine its sensory characteristics. The perceived flavor of pomegranate fruit results from the combination of various taste, aroma and mouthfeel sensations. The taste is governed mainly by the presence of sugars (glucose and fructose) and organic acids (primarily citric and malic acids). The aroma evolves from the presence of dozens of volatiles, including alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and terpenes, which provide a mixture of various 'green', 'woody', 'earthy', 'fruity', 'floral', 'sweet' and 'musty' notes. In addition, the sensory satisfaction during the eating of pomegranate arils is complemented by various mouthfeel sensations, including seed hardness and astringency sensations. In the present review we will describe the sensory quality and flavor preferences of pomegranate fruit, including the genetic diversity in flavor characteristics among distinct varieties. In addition, we will describe the dynamic changes that occur in fruit flavor during fruit ripening and postharvest storage.
Journal of the science of food and agriculture.J Sci Food Agric.2014 Jan 15;94(1):21-7. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.6311. Epub 2013 Aug 19.
Despite the increasing commercial importance of pomegranate, especially because of its recently discovered health-promoting benefits, relatively little is yet known regarding its sensory quality and flavor preferences, or about the biochemical constituents that determine its sensory characteristics.
PMID 23881410

Leaf hydraulics II: Vascularized tissues.

Rockwell FE, Michele Holbrook N, Stroock AD.Author information School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. Electronic address: fulton.rockwell@gmail.com.AbstractCurrent models of leaf hydration employ an Ohm's law analogy of the leaf as an ideal capacitor, neglecting the resistance to flow between cells, or treat the leaf as a plane sheet with a source of water at fixed potential filling the mid-plane, neglecting the discrete placement of veins as well as their resistance. We develop a model of leaf hydration that considers the average conductance of the vascular network to a representative areole (region bounded by the vascular network), and represent the volume of tissue within the areole as a poroelastic composite of cells and air spaces. Solutions to the 3D flow problem are found by numerical simulation, and these results are then compared to 1D models with exact solutions for a range of leaf geometries, based on a survey of temperate woody plants. We then show that the hydration times given by these solutions are well approximated by a sum of the ideal capacitor and plane sheet times, representing the time for transport through the vasculature and tissue respectively. We then develop scaling factors relating this approximate solution to the 3D model, and examine the dependence of these scaling factors on leaf geometry. Finally, we apply a similar strategy to reduce the dimensions of the steady state problem, in the context of peristomatal transpiration, and consider the relation of transpirational gradients to equilibrium leaf water potential measurements.
Journal of theoretical biology.J Theor Biol.2014 Jan 7;340:267-84. doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.08.027. Epub 2013 Sep 4.
Current models of leaf hydration employ an Ohm's law analogy of the leaf as an ideal capacitor, neglecting the resistance to flow between cells, or treat the leaf as a plane sheet with a source of water at fixed potential filling the mid-plane, neglecting the discrete placement of veins as well as t
PMID 24012489

Japanese Journal

北米大陸におけるアジア由来の侵略的木本外来種の現状 : アメリカ合衆国西部乾燥地域のタマリスク (特集外来種と植生管理)

今田省吾,谷口武士,岩永史子 [他]
日本緑化工学会誌 40(2), 331-339, 2014-11
NAID 40020288559

二塔式循環流動層ガス化炉(TIGAR)によるガス化技術の開発 (特集褐炭利用 : 乾燥,改質,燃焼,ガス化等の最前線)

高藤誠,ZHIHONG Liu,坪井陽介 [他]
Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy = 日本エネルギー学会誌 93(11), 1115-1121, 2014-11
NAID 40020273897

木質バイオマス発電と固定価格買取制度

柳田高志
木材工業 = Wood industry 69(10), 424-429, 2014-10
NAID 40020225852

Pilot-Plant Scale 12 kW Microwave Irradiation Reactor for Woody Biomass Pretreatment

HASEGAWA Naoki,MITANI Tomohiko,SHINOHARA Naoki,DAIDAI Masakazu,KATSURA Yoko,SEGO Hisayuki,WATANABE Takashi
IEICE Transactions on Electronics E97.C(10), 986-993, 2014-10
… A simple, low reflection, and highly-efficient pilot-plant scale microwave irradiation reactor for woody biomass pretreatment was fabricated. … The woody biomass mixture which contains water and organic acid flows through the metal pipe and is heated by microwaves at a total power of 12 kW. …
NAID 120005496642