| Viral disease |
| Classification and external resources |
| MeSH |
D014777 |
|
[edit on Wikidata]
|
A viral disease (or viral infection) occurs when an organism's body is invaded by pathogenic viruses, and infectious virus particles (virions) attach to and enter susceptible cells.[1]
Contents
- 1 Structural characteristics
- 1.1 Useful rules of thumb
- 1.2 Clinical characteristics
- 1.3 Notes
- 2 Diagnosis and treatment
- 3 See also
- 4 References
Structural characteristics
Basic structural characteristics, such as genome type, virion shape and replication site, generally share the same features among virus species within the same family.
There are five double-stranded DNA families: three are non enveloped (Adenoviridae, Papillomaviridae and Polyomaviridae) and two are enveloped (Herpesviridae and Poxviridae). All of the non-enveloped families have icosahedral capsids.
There is one family of partly double-stranded DNA viruses: Hepadnaviridae. These viruses are enveloped.
There is one family of single-stranded DNA viruses that infect humans: Parvoviridae. These viruses are non-enveloped.
There are seven positive single-stranded RNA families: three non enveloped (Astroviridae, Caliciviridae and Picornaviridae) and four enveloped (Coronoviridae, Flaviviridae, Retroviridae and Togaviridae). All the non-enveloped families have icosahedral nucleocapsids.
There are six negative single-stranded RNA families: Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Filoviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Paramyxoviridae and Rhabdoviridae. All are enveloped with helical nucleocapsids.
There is one family with a double-stranded RNA genome: Reoviridae.
There is one additional virus (Hepatitis D virus) which has not yet been assigned to a family but is clearly distinct from the other families infecting humans.
There is one family and one genus of viruses known to infect humans that have not been associated with disease: the family Anelloviridae and the genus Dependovirus. Both of these taxa are non-enveloped single-stranded DNA viruses.
Useful rules of thumb
Among the human infecting families there are a number of rules that may assist physicians and medical microbiologists/virologists.
As a general rule, DNA viruses replicate within the nucleus while RNA viruses replicate within the cytoplasm. Exceptions are known to this rule: poxviruses replicate within the cytoplasm and orthomyxoviruses and hepatitis D virus (RNA viruses) replicate within the nucleus.
Four families have segmented genomes: Bunyaviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Arenaviridae and Reoviridae (acronym BOAR). All are RNA viruses.
Three families are transmitted almost exclusively by arthropods: Bunyavirus, Flavivirus and Togavirus. Some Reoviruses are transmitted from arthropod vectors as well. All are RNA viruses.[2]
Only one family of enveloped viruses causes gastroenteritis (Coronaviridae). All other viruses associated with gastroenteritis are non enveloped.
These are tables of the clinically most important[3] viruses.
Comparison table of clinically important virus families and species
| Family |
Baltimore group |
Important species |
envelopment |
| Adenoviridae |
Group I (dsDNA)[3][4] |
Adenovirus[3][4] |
non-enveloped[3][4] |
| Herpesviridae |
Group I (dsDNA)[3][4] |
Herpes simplex, type 1, Herpes simplex, type 2, Varicella-zoster virus, Epstein-barr virus, Human cytomegalovirus, Human herpesvirus, type 8[5][6][7] |
enveloped[3][4] |
| Papillomaviridae |
Group I (dsDNA)[3][8] |
Human papillomavirus[3][8] |
non-enveloped[3][8] |
| Polyomaviridae |
Group I (dsDNA)[3][9] |
BK virus, JC virus[3][9] |
non-enveloped[3][9] |
| Poxviridae |
Group I (dsDNA)[3][4] |
Smallpox[3][4] |
enveloped[3][4] |
| Hepadnaviridae |
Group VII (dsDNA-RT)[3][10] |
Hepatitis B virus[3][4] |
enveloped[3][4] |
| Parvoviridae |
Group II (ssDNA)[3][4] |
Parvovirus B19[3][4] |
non-enveloped[3][4] |
| Astroviridae |
Group IV (positive-sense ssRNA)[11] |
Human astrovirus[4] |
non-enveloped[4] |
| Caliciviridae |
Group IV (positive-sense ssRNA)[12] |
Norwalk virus[4] |
non-enveloped[4] |
| Picornaviridae |
Group IV (positive-sense ssRNA)[13] |
coxsackievirus, hepatitis A virus, poliovirus,[4] rhinovirus |
non-enveloped[4] |
| Coronaviridae |
Group IV (positive-sense ssRNA)[14] |
Severe acute respiratory syndrome virus[4] |
enveloped[4] |
| Flaviviridae |
Group IV (positive-sense ssRNA)[3][4][15] |
Hepatitis C virus,[3] yellow fever virus,[3] dengue virus,[3] West Nile virus,[3] TBE virus[4] |
enveloped[3][4] |
| Togaviridae |
Group IV (positive-sense ssRNA)[3][4][16] |
Rubella virus[3] |
enveloped[3][4] |
| Hepeviridae |
Group IV (positive-sense ssRNA)[17] |
Hepatitis E virus[4] |
non-enveloped[4][17] |
| Retroviridae |
Group VI (ssRNA-RT)[3][18] |
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)[3][4] |
enveloped[3][4] |
| Orthomyxoviridae |
Group V (negative-sense ssRNA)[3][19] |
Influenza virus[3][19] |
enveloped[3][19] |
| Arenaviridae |
Group V (negative-sense ssRNA)[20] |
Lassa virus[4][20] |
enveloped[4][20] |
| Bunyaviridae |
Group V (negative-sense ssRNA)[21] |
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Hantaan virus[4] |
enveloped[4][21] |
| Filoviridae |
Group V (negative-sense ssRNA)[22] |
Ebola virus,[22] Marburg virus[22] |
enveloped[4] |
| Paramyxoviridae |
Group V (negative-sense ssRNA)[23] |
Measles virus,[3] Mumps virus,[3] Parainfluenza virus,[3] Respiratory syncytial virus,[3][4] |
enveloped[3][23] |
| Rhabdoviridae |
Group V (negative-sense ssRNA)[24] |
Rabies virus[3][4] |
enveloped[3][4] |
| Unassigned[25] |
Group V (negative-sense ssRNA)[25] |
Hepatitis D[25] |
enveloped[25] |
| Reoviridae |
Group III (dsRNA)[12] |
Rotavirus,[12] Orbivirus, Coltivirus, Banna virus |
non-enveloped[4] |
Clinical characteristics
The clinical characteristics of viruses may differ substantially among species within the same family:
| Type |
Family |
Transmission |
Diseases |
Treatment |
Prevention |
| Adenovirus |
Adenoviridae |
- droplet contact[3][9]
- fecal-oral[3][9]
- venereal[3]
- direct eye contact[3]
|
- gastroenteritis[3][9]
- keratoconjunctivitis[3][9]
- pharyngitis[3]
- croup[9]
- pharyngoconjunctival fever[3]
- pneumonia[9]
- pneumonia[9]
- cystitis[9]
|
None[3][9] |
- Adenovirus vaccine[9]
- hand washing
- covering mouth when coughing or sneezing
- avoiding close contact with the sick
|
| Coxsackievirus |
Picornaviridae |
- fecal-oral[3][26]
- respiratory[26] droplet contact[3]
|
- Hand, foot and mouth disease[27]
- pleurodynia[26]
- aseptic meningitis[26]
- pericarditis
- myocarditis
|
None[3] |
- hand washing
- covering mouth when coughing/sneezing
- avoiding contaminated food/water
- improved sanitation
|
| Epstein-Barr virus |
Herpesviridae |
|
- infectious mononucleosis[3]
- Burkitt's lymphoma[3]
- Hodgkin's lymphoma
- nasopharyngeal carcinoma
|
None[3] |
- avoiding close contact with the sick
|
| Hepatitis A virus |
Picornaviridae |
|
|
Immunoglobulin (post-exposure prophylaxis)[3] |
- Hepatitis A vaccine[3][28]
- avoiding contaminated food/water[3]
- improved sanitation
|
| Hepatitis B virus |
Hepadnaviridae |
Vertical and sexual[29]
|
- acute hepatitis[3][29]
- chronic hepatitis[29]
- hepatic cirrhosis[29]
- hepatocellular carcinoma[29]
|
- Lamivudine[3][29]
- immunoglobulin[3]
- Adefovir[3]
- Entecavir[3]
- Pegylated interferon alfa-2[3]
|
- Hepatitis B vaccine[3][29]
- immunoglobulin (perinatal and post-exposure prophylaxis)[3]
- avoiding shared needles/syringes
- safe sex
|
| Hepatitis C virus |
Flaviviridae |
- blood[3]
- sexual contact[3]
|
- acute hepatitis[3][30]
- chronic hepatitis[3]
- hepatic cirrhosis[3]
- hepatocellular carcinoma[3]
|
- Ribavirin[3][30]
- Pegylated interferon alfa-2[3]
|
- avoiding shared needles/syringes
- safe sex
|
| Herpes simplex virus, type 1 |
Herpesviridae |
- direct contact[3][31]
- saliva[3][31]
|
- herpes labialis,[3] cold sores[3][31] - can recur by latency[3]
- gingivostomatitis in children[3]
- tonsillitis & pharyngitis in adults[3]
- keratoconjunctivitis[3]
|
- acyclovir[3][31]
- famciclovir[3][31]
- foscarnet[3]
- penciclovir[3]
|
- avoiding close contact with lesions
- safe sex
|
| Herpes simplex virus, type 2 |
Herpesviridae |
- sexual contact[3][31]
- vertical transmission[3][31]
|
- Skin vesicles, mucosal ulcers,[31] Oral and/or genital[31]
Can be latent[3]
- Aseptic meningitis[3]
|
- acyclovir[3][31]
- famciclovir[3][31]
- foscarnet[3]
- penciclovir[3]
- cidofovir[3]
|
- avoiding close contact with lesions[3]
- safe sex[3]
|
| Cytomegalovirus |
Herpesviridae |
- vertical transmission[3][31]
- bodily fluids[3]
|
- infectious mononucleosis[3]
- Cytomegalic inclusion disease[3]
|
- ganciclovir[3]
- cidofovir[3]
- foscarnet[3]
|
- hand washing
- avoid sharing food and drinks with others
- safe sex
|
| Human herpesvirus, type 8 |
Herpesviridae |
|
- Kaposi sarcoma[3]
- multicentric Castleman disease[3]
- primary effusion lymphoma[3]
|
many in evaluation-stage[3] |
- avoid close contact with lesions
- safe sex
|
| HIV |
Retroviridae |
- sexual contact[3][32]
- blood[3][32]
- breast milk[3][32]
- vertical transmission
|
|
HAART,[3] such as protease inhibitors[32] and reverse-transcriptase inhibitors[32] |
- zidovudine (perinatally)[3]
- blood product screening[3]
- safe sex[3]
- avoiding shared needles/syringes
|
| Influenza virus |
Orthomyxoviridae |
|
- influenza[3]
- (Reye syndrome)[3]
|
- amantadine[3][19]
- rimantadine[3][19]
- zanamivir[3][19]
- oseltamivir[3][19]
|
- influenza vaccine[3][19]
- amantadine[3]
- rimantadine[3]
- hand washing
- covering mouth when coughing/sneezing
- avoiding close contact with the sick
|
| Measles virus |
Paramyxoviridae |
|
- measles[3][23]
- postinfectious encephalomyelitis[3]
|
None[3] |
- MMR vaccine[3][23]
- quarantining the sick
- avoiding contact with the sick
|
| Mumps virus |
Paramyxoviridae |
|
|
None[3] |
- MMR vaccine[3][23]
- avoiding close contact with the sick
|
| Human papillomavirus |
Papillomaviridae |
- direct contact[3][33]
- sexual contact[33]
- vertical transmission
|
- hyperplastic epithelial lesions (common, flat, plantar and anogenital warts, laryngeal papillomas, epidermodysplasia verruciformis)[3]
- Malignancies for some species (cervical carcinoma,[33] squamous cell carcinomas)[3]
|
- liquid nitrogen[3]
- laser vaporization[3]
- cytotoxic chemicals[3]
- interferon[3]
- cidofovir[3]
|
- HPV vaccine[3][33]
- avoiding close contact with lesions[3]
- safe sex[3]
|
| Parainfluenza virus |
Paramyxoviridae |
|
- croup[3]
- pneumonia[3]
- bronchiolitis[3]
- common cold[3]
|
None[3] |
- hand washing
- covering mouth when coughing/sneezing
|
| Poliovirus |
Picornaviridae |
|
|
None[3] |
- Polio vaccine[3][28]
- avoiding contaminated food and water
- improved sanitation
|
| Rabies virus |
Rhabdoviridae |
- animal bite[3][24]
- droplet contact[3]
|
- rabies[3] (fatal encephalitis)[24]
|
Post-exposure prophylaxis[3] |
- rabies vaccine[24]
- avoiding rabid animals
|
| Respiratory syncytial virus |
Paramyxoviridae |
- droplet contact[3][23]
- hand to mouth[3]
|
- bronchiolitis[3]
- pneumonia[3]
- influenza-like syndrome[3]
- severe bronchiolitis with pneumonia[3]
|
(ribavirin)[3] |
- hand washing[3]
- avoiding close contact with the sick[3]
- palivizumab in high risk individuals[3]
- covering mouth when coughing/sneezing
|
| Rubella virus |
Togaviridae |
- Respiratory[34] droplet contact[3]
|
- congenital rubella[3][34]
- German measles[3]
|
None[3] |
- MMR vaccine[3][34]
- avoiding close contact with the sick
|
| Varicella-zoster virus |
Herpesviridae |
- droplet contact[3]
- direct contact
|
- chickenpox[31]
- herpes zoster[3]
- Congenital varicella syndrome[31]
|
Varicella:
- acyclovir[3]
- famciclovir[3]
- valacyclovir[3]
Zoster:
- acyclovir[3]
- famciclovir[3]
|
Varicella:
- varicella vaccine[3]
- varicella-zoster immunoglobulin[3]
- avoiding close contact with the sick
Zoster:
- vaccine
- varicella-zoster immunoglobulin
|
Notes
In 2010 it was reported that the presence of a begomovirus (Pepper mild mottle virus) in the stool was associated with clinical disease and a specific immune response.[35] If this association can be confirmed it is the first known case of disease caused by a virus previously considered pathogenic only to plants.
Diagnosis and treatment
Clinical presentation is used to detect viral disease by looking for history of severe muscle and joint pains before fever and also detect skin rash and lymph gland swelling. Laboratory investigation is not necessary to detect viral infections, because no increase in the white blood cells, the laboratory investigation is done to find other bacterial infections, if it is suspected. Viruses commonly have self-limited life, so treatment is usually reduce the symptoms only and antipyretic and analgesic drugs are commonly being used.[36]
See also
- Folding@home
- List of latent human viral infections
- Pathogenic bacteria
References
- ^ Taylor, M.P.; Kobiler, O.; Enquist, L. W. (2012). "Alphaherpesvirus axon-to-cell spread involves limited virion transmission" 106. PNAS: 17046–17051.
- ^ Hunt, M. "Arboviruses". University of South Carolina School of Medicine.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi Fisher, Bruce; Harvey, Richard P.; Champe, Pamela C. (2007). Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews: Microbiology. Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews Series. Hagerstown MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 354–366. ISBN 0-7817-8215-5.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am Table 1 in: Dimitrov, Dimiter S. (2004). "Virus entry: molecular mechanisms and biomedical applications". Nature Reviews Microbiology 2 (2): 109–122. doi:10.1038/nrmicro817. ISSN 1740-1526.
- ^ Adams, MJ; Carstens EB (Jul 2012). "Ratification vote on taxonomic proposals to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2012)". Arch Virol. 157 (7): 1411–22. doi:10.1007/s00705-012-1299-6. PMID 22481600.
- ^ Whitley RJ (1996). Herpesviruses. in: Baron's Medical Microbiology (Baron S et al., eds.) (4th ed.). Univ of Texas Medical Branch. ISBN 0-9631172-1-1.
- ^ Murray PR; Rosenthal KS; Pfaller MA (2005). Medical Microbiology (5th ed.). Elsevier Mosby. ISBN 978-0-323-03303-9.
- ^ a b c de Villiers EM, Fauquet C, Broker TR, Bernard HU, zur Hausen H. (2004). "Classification of papillomaviruses". Virology 324 (1): 17–27. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2004.03.033. PMID 15183049.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Polyomavirus". ViralZone. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Retrieved 2015-10-03.
- ^ Blaine T. Smith, Brian Luke Seaward. Pharmacology for Nurses. Jones & Bartlett Publishers=year=2014. ISBN 9781449689407.
- ^ Murillo A, Vera-Estrella R, Barkla BJ, Méndez E, Arias CF (2015). "Identification of Host Cell Factors Associated with Astrovirus Replication in Caco-2 Cells". J. Virol. 89 (20): 10359–70. doi:10.1128/JVI.01225-15. PMID 26246569.
- ^ a b c Page 273 in: Lennette's Laboratory Diagnosis of Viral Infections, Fourth Edition. CRC Press. 2010. ISBN 9781420084962.
- ^ Tuthill, Tobias J.; Groppelli, Elisabetta; Hogle, James M.; Rowlands, David J. (2010). "Picornaviruses". Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology 343: 43–89. doi:10.1007/82_2010_37. ISSN 0070-217X.
- ^ Stapleford, Kenneth A.; Miller, David J. (2010). "Role of Cellular Lipids in Positive-Sense RNA Virus Replication Complex Assembly and Function". Viruses 2 (5): 1055–1068. doi:10.3390/v2051055. ISSN 1999-4915.
- ^ Cook, S.; Moureau, G.; Harbach, R. E.; Mukwaya, L.; Goodger, K.; Ssenfuka, F.; Gould, E.; Holmes, E. C.; de Lamballerie, X. (2009). "Isolation of a novel species of flavivirus and a new strain of Culex flavivirus (Flaviviridae) from a natural mosquito population in Uganda". Journal of General Virology 90 (11): 2669–2678. doi:10.1099/vir.0.014183-0. ISSN 0022-1317.
- ^ Simon-Loriere, Etienne; Holmes, Edward C. (2011). "Why do RNA viruses recombine?". Nature Reviews Microbiology 9 (8): 617–626. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2614. ISSN 1740-1526.
- ^ a b "Hepeviridae". ViralZone. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Retrieved 2015-10-03.
- ^ "Retroviridae". ViralZone. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Retrieved 2015-10-03.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Orthomyxoviridae". ViralZone. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Retrieved 2015-10-03.
- ^ a b c "Arenaviridae". ViralZone. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Retrieved 2015-10-03.
- ^ a b "Bunyaviridae". ViralZone. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Retrieved 2015-10-03.
- ^ a b c "Filoviridae". ViralZone. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Retrieved 2015-10-03.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Paramyxoviridae". ViralZone. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Retrieved 2015-10-10.
- ^ a b c d "Rhabdoviridae". ViralZone. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Retrieved 2015-10-03.
- ^ a b c d "Deltavirus". ViralZone. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Retrieved 2015-10-03.
- ^ a b c d "Enterovirus". ViralZone. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Retrieved 2015-10-12.
- ^ Repass GL, Palmer WC, Stancampiano FF (September 2014). "Hand, foot, and mouth disease: Identifying and managing an acute viral syndrome". Cleve Clin J Med 81 (9): 537–43. doi:10.3949/ccjm.81a.13132. PMID 25183845.
- ^ a b c d "Picornaviridae". ViralZone. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Retrieved 2015-10-10.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Hepadnaviridae". ViralZone. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Retrieved 2015-10-10.
- ^ a b "Flaviviridae". ViralZone. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Retrieved 2015-10-10.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "Herpesviridae". ViralZone. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Retrieved 2015-10-10.
- ^ a b c d e "Human immunodeficiency virus 1". ViralZone. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Retrieved 2015-10-10.
- ^ a b c d "Papillomaviridae". ViralZone. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Retrieved 2015-10-10.
- ^ a b c "Togaviridae". ViralZone. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Retrieved 2015-10-10.
- ^ Colson P., Richet H., Desnues C., Balique F., Moal V., Grob J., Berbis P., Lecoq H., Harlé J., Berland Y., Raoult D. (2010). "Pepper Mild Mottle Virus, a Plant Virus Associated with Specific Immune Responses, Fever, Abdominal Pains, and Pruritus in Humans". PLoS ONE 5 (4): e10041. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010041. PMC 2850318. PMID 20386604.
- ^ "Viral Fever". Web Health Centre. Retrieved August 15, 2013.
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|
ICD-9-CM: Medical conditions and ICD-9 code
|
|
|
(Disease / Disorder / Syndrome / Sequence, Symptom / Sign, Injury, etc.)
|
|
| (A/B, 001–139) |
- Infectious disease/Infection: Bacterial disease
- Viral disease
- Parasitic disease
- Protozoan infection
- Helminthiasis
- Ectoparasitic infestation
- Mycosis
- Zoonosis
|
|
(C/D,
140–239 &
279–289) |
| Cancer (C00–D48, 140–239) |
|
|
| Myeloid hematologic (D50–D77, 280–289) |
|
|
| Lymphoid immune (D80–D89, 279) |
- Immunodeficiency
- Immunoproliferative disorder
- Hypersensitivity
|
|
|
| (E, 240–278) |
- Endocrine disease
- Nutrition disorder
- Inborn error of metabolism
|
|
| (F, 290–319) |
|
|
| (G, 320–359) |
- Nervous system disease
- Neuromuscular disease
|
|
| (H, 360–389) |
|
|
| (I, 390–459) |
- Cardiovascular disease
- Heart disease
- Vascular disease
|
|
| (J, 460–519) |
- Respiratory disease
- Obstructive lung disease
- Restrictive lung disease
- Pneumonia
|
|
| (K, 520–579) |
- Oral and maxillofacial pathology
- Tooth disease
- salivary gland disease
- tongue disease
- Digestive disease
- Esophageal
- Stomach
- Enteropathy
- Liver
- Pancreatic
|
|
| (L, 680–709) |
- Skin disease
- skin appendages
- Nail disease
- Hair disease
- Sweat gland disease
|
|
| (M, 710–739) |
- Musculoskeletal disorders: Myopathy
- Arthropathy
- Osteochondropathy
|
|
| (N, 580–629) |
- Urologic disease
- Nephropathy
- Urinary bladder disease
- Male genital disease
- Breast disease
- Female genital disease
|
|
| (O, 630–679) |
- Complications of pregnancy
- Obstetric labor complication
- Puerperal disorder
|
|
| (P, 760–779) |
|
|
| (Q, 740–759) |
|
|
| (R, 780–799) |
|
|
| (S/T, 800–999) |
- Bone fracture
- Joint dislocation
- Sprain
- Strain
- Subluxation
- Head injury
- Chest trauma
- Poisoning
|
|
|
Infectious diseases – viral systemic diseases (A80–B34, 042–079)
|
|
| Oncovirus |
- DNA virus
- HBV
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- HPV
- Cervical cancer
- Anal cancer
- Penile cancer
- Vulvar cancer
- Vaginal cancer
- Oropharyngeal cancer
- KSHV
- Kaposi's sarcoma
- EBV
- Nasopharynx cancer
- Burkitt's lymphoma
- Hodgkin's lymphoma
- Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma
- Nasal type NK/T-cell lymphoma
- MCPyV
- Merkel cell carcinoma
- RNA virus
- HCV
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- Splenic marginal zone lymphoma
- HTLV-I
- Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
|
|
| Immune disorders |
|
|
Central
nervous system |
Encephalitis/
meningitis |
- DNA virus
- JCV
- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
- RNA virus
- MeV
- Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
- LCV
- Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
- Arbovirus encephalitis
- Orthomyxoviridae (probable)
- Encephalitis lethargica
- RV
- Rabies
- Chandipura virus
- Herpesviral meningitis
- Ramsay Hunt syndrome type II
|
|
| Myelitis |
- Poliovirus
- Poliomyelitis
- Post-polio syndrome
- HTLV-I
- Tropical spastic paraparesis
|
|
| Eye |
- Cytomegalovirus
- Cytomegalovirus retinitis
- HSV
|
|
|
| Cardiovascular |
|
|
Respiratory system/
acute viral nasopharyngitis/
viral pneumonia |
| DNA virus |
- Epstein–Barr virus
- EBV infection/Infectious mononucleosis
- Cytomegalovirus
|
|
| RNA virus |
- IV: SARS coronavirus
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome
- V: Orthomyxoviridae: Influenzavirus A/B/C
- Influenza/Avian influenza
- V, Paramyxoviridae: Human parainfluenza viruses
- RSV
- hMPV
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| Human digestive system |
| Pharynx/Esophagus |
- MuV
- Cytomegalovirus
- Cytomegalovirus esophagitis
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Gastroenteritis/
diarrhea |
- DNA virus
- Adenovirus
- Adenovirus infection
- RNA virus
- Rotavirus
- Norovirus
- Astrovirus
- Coronavirus
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| Hepatitis |
- DNA virus
- HBV (B)
- RNA virus
- CBV
- HAV (A)
- HCV (C)
- HDV (D)
- HEV (E)
- HGV (G)
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| Pancreatitis |
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| Urogenital |
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Infectious skin disease: Viral cutaneous conditions, including viral exanthema (B00–B09, 050–059)
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| DNA virus |
| Herpesviridae |
| Alpha |
| HSV |
- Herpes simplex
- Herpetic whitlow
- Herpes gladiatorum
- Herpetic keratoconjunctivitis
- Herpetic sycosis
- Neonatal herpes simplex
- Herpes genitalis
- Herpes labialis
- Eczema herpeticum
- Herpetiform esophagitis
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| Herpes B virus |
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| VZV |
- Chickenpox
- Herpes zoster
- Herpes zoster oticus
- Ophthalmic zoster
- Disseminated herpes zoster
- Zoster-associated pain
- Modified varicella-like syndrome
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| Beta |
- Human herpesvirus 6/Roseolovirus
- Exanthema subitum
- Roseola vaccinia
- Cytomegalic inclusion disease
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| Gamma |
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| Poxviridae |
| Ortho |
- Variola
- MoxV
- CPXV
- VV
- Vaccinia
- Generalized vaccinia
- Eczema vaccinatum
- Progressive vaccinia
- Buffalopox
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| Para |
- Farmyard pox: Milker's nodule
- Bovine papular stomatitis
- Pseudocowpox
- Orf
- Sealpox
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| Other |
- Yatapoxvirus: Tanapox
- Yaba monkey tumor virus
- MCV
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| Papillomaviridae |
| HPV |
- Wart/plantar wart
- Heck's disease
- Genital wart
- Laryngeal papillomatosis
- Butcher's wart
- Bowenoid papulosis
- Epidermodysplasia verruciformis
- Verruca plana
- Pigmented wart
- Verrucae palmares et plantares
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| Parvoviridae |
- Parvovirus B19
- Erythema infectiosum
- Reticulocytopenia
- Papular purpuric gloves and socks syndrome
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| Polyomaviridae |
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| RNA virus |
| Paramyxoviridae |
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| Togaviridae |
- Rubella virus
- Rubella
- Congenital rubella syndrome
- Alphavirus infection
- Chikungunya fever
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| Picornaviridae |
- CAV
- Hand, foot and mouth disease
- Herpangina
- FMDV
- Boston exanthem disease
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| Ungrouped |
- Asymmetric periflexural exanthem of childhood
- Post-vaccination follicular eruption
- Lipschütz ulcer
- Eruptive pseudoangiomatosis
- Viral-associated trichodysplasia
- Gianotti–Crosti syndrome
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Microbiology: Virus
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| Components |
- Viral envelope
- Capsid
- Viral protein
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| Viral life cycle |
- Viral entry
- Viral replication
- Viral shedding
- Virus latency
- Viroplasm
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| Genetics |
- Reassortment
- Antigenic shift
- Antigenic drift
- Phenotype mixing
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| By host |
- Bacteriophage
- Virophage
- Mycovirus
- Plant virus (Plant to Human)
- Animal virus
- Human virome
- Archea virus
- Amoeba virus
- Chromalveolata virus
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| Other |
- Viral disease
- Helper virus
- Laboratory diagnosis of viral infections
- Viral load
- Virus-like particle
- Viral quantification
- Antiviral drug
- Neurotropic virus
- Oncovirus
- Social history of viruses
- Satellite virus
- Giant viruses
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