関: azygos vein、azygous vein

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/04 09:40:03」(JST)

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The azygos vein is a vein running up the right side of the thoracic vertebral column draining itself towards the superior vena cavae. It connects the systems of superior vena cava and inferior vena cava and can provide an alternative path for blood to the right atrium when either of the venae cavae is blocked.^[2]^[3]

Structure

The azygos vein transports deoxygenated blood from the posterior walls of the thorax and abdomen into the superior vena cava vein. The anatomy of this blood vessel can be quite variable. In some rare variations for example, it also drains thoracic veins, bronchial veins and even gonadal veins. The vein is so named because it has no symmetrically equivalent vein on the left side of the body.

It is formed by the union of the ascending lumbar veins with the right subcostal veins at the level of the 12th thoracic vertebra, ascending in the posterior mediastinum, and arching over the right main bronchus posteriorly at the root of the right lung to join the superior vena cava. This "arch of the azygos vein" (arcus venae azygos) is an important anatomic landmark. As an anatomical variation in 1-2% of the population, the arch can be displaced laterally, thereby creating a pleural septum separating an azygos lobe from the upper lobe of the right lung.

A major tributary is the hemiazygos vein, a similar structure on the opposite side of the vertebral column. Other tributaries include the bronchial veins, pericardial veins, and posterior right intercostal veins. It communicates with the vertebral venous plexuses.

Azygos venous system

The azygos system of veins is considered to be the azygos vein, along with its left-sided counterparts, the hemiazygos vein and the accessory hemiazygos vein.

Etymology

The Greek root zyg refers to a pair. 'A-' means not. Thus, azygos means unpaired. The azygos vein is unpaired in that there is only one in the body, mostly on the right side. While there is the hemiazygos vein and its accessory on the left side of the body, they are considered tributaries of the azygos vein rather than its left-side equivalent.

This terminology is only accurate in some species, such as the human, dog and cat. Ruminants (such as sheep and cows) have paired azygos veins

Additional images

Diagram showing completion of development of the parietal veins.
Transverse section of thorax at about CC3, showing relations of pulmonary artery.
Base and diaphragmatic surface of heart.
The venæ cavæ and azygos veins, with their tributaries.
The thoracic and right lymphatic ducts.
Mediastinal surface of right lung.
Azygos vein
Azygos vein

References

^ Edward Lamperti; Michael Schuenke; Erik Schulte; Udo Schumacher; Ross, Lawrence J. (2006). General Anatomy and Musculoskeletal System (Thieme Atlas of Anatomy). Thieme Publishing Group. p. 13. ISBN 3-13-142081-2.
^ http://www.clinicalimaging.org/article/S0899-7071%2899%2900141-2/abstract
^ http://library.prognosisapp.com/case/Emergency/Superior-Vena-Cava-Syndrome

External links

Anatomy figure: 19:03-03 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Right side of the mediastinum."
Dissection at lumc.edu
Radiology at umich.edu

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English Journal

Thoracic venous injuries: an imaging and management overview.

Haq AA1, Restrepo CS2, Lamus D2, Ocazionez-Trujillo D3, Vargas D4.
Emergency radiology.Emerg Radiol.2016 Mar 10. [Epub ahead of print]
Thoracic venous injuries are predominantly attributed to traumatic and iatrogenic causes. Gunshot wounds and knife stabbings make up the vast majority of penetrating trauma whereas motor vehicle collisions are the leading cause of blunt trauma to the chest. Iatrogenic injuries, mostly from central v
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Computed Tomographic Pulmonary Angiographic Findings Can Predict Short-Term Mortality of Saddle Pulmonary Embolism: A Retrospective Multicenter Study.

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Japanese Journal

奇静脈瘤に対して胸腔鏡下手術を施行した1例

捶井達也,小田誠,田村昌也,早稲田龍一,松本勲,渡邊剛
日本呼吸器外科学会雑誌 = The journal of the Japanese Association for Chest Surgery 25(5), 505-508, 2011-07-15
症例は32歳，女性．乳房痛を自覚し，精査のため胸部造影CTを施行したところ後縦隔に均一な造影効果を伴う径3.1cmの腫瘤を認めた．右上肢からの静脈造影では造影剤が上大静脈から奇静脈弓へ逆行性に流入し，腫瘤が濃染した．これにより腫瘤を静脈瘤と診断した．血栓による肺血栓塞栓症や瘤の破裂の可能性を考え外科的切除の方針とした．手術は胸腔鏡下にて施行した．まず血栓の流出を防止するため奇静脈弓の上大静脈合流部 …
NAID 10029125703

手術の工夫奇静脈温存下右腕頭静脈-右心耳バイパスによる上大静脈の切除再建

石田格,大浦裕之,新井川弘道 [他]
胸部外科 64(6), 463-467, 2011-06
NAID 40018847710

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「奇静脈」
関連記事	「vena」

「奇静脈」

Azygos vein
	Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, azygos vein and their tributaries. (Vena azygos labeled at center.)
	POSTERIOR VIEW: The position and relation of the esophagus in the cervical region and in the posterior mediastinum. Seen from behind. (Azygos vein labeled at bottom left.)
Details
Latin	vena azygos
Precursor	Right supracardinal vein
Source	superior intercostal vein
Drains to	superior vena cava
Identifiers
Gray's	p.667
MeSH	A07.231.908.106
Dorlands; /Elsevier	v_05/12849551
TA	A12.3.07.001
FMA	4838
	Anatomical terminology