WordNet

natural process that causes something to form; "the formation of gas in the intestine"; "the formation of crystals"; "the formation of pseudopods"
the act of fabricating something in a particular shape (同)shaping
a particular spatial arrangement
creation by mental activity; "the formation of sentences"; "the formation of memories"
an arrangement of people or things acting as a unit; "a defensive formation"; "a formation of planes"
control consisting of a mechanical device for controlling the flow of a fluid
device in a brass wind instrument for varying the length of the air column to alter the pitch of a tone
one of the paired hinged shells of certain molluscs and of brachiopods
the entire one-piece shell of a snail and certain other molluscs
a structure in a hollow organ (like the heart) with a flap to insure one-way flow of fluid through it
(of brass instruments) having valves

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A three-dimensional co-culture model of the aortic valve using magnetic levitation.

Tseng H, Balaoing LR, Grigoryan B, Raphael RM, Killian TC, Souza GR, Grande-Allen KJ.SourceDepartment of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Nano3D Biosciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Acta biomaterialia.Acta Biomater.2014 Jan;10(1):173-82. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.09.003. Epub 2013 Sep 11.
The aortic valve consists of valvular interstitial cells (VICs) and endothelial cells (VECs). While these cells are understood to work synergistically to maintain leaflet structure and valvular function, few co-culture models of these cell types exist. In this study, aortic valve co-cultures (AVCCs)
PMID 24036238

The Role of Neuropilin-1/Semaphorin 3A Signaling in Lymphatic Vessel Development and Maturation.

Ochsenbein AM, Karaman S, Jurisic G, Detmar M.SourceInstitute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang Pauli-Str. 10, HCI H303, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
Advances in anatomy, embryology, and cell biology.Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol.2014;214:143-52. doi: 10.1007/978-3-7091-1646-3_11.
During development, the lymphatic and the blood vascular system form highly branched networks that show extensive architectural similarities with the peripheral nervous system. Increasing evidence suggests that the vascular and the nervous systems share signaling pathways to overcome common challeng
PMID 24276892

Interplay of Mechanotransduction, FOXC2, Connexins, and Calcineurin Signaling in Lymphatic Valve Formation.

Sabine A, Petrova TV.SourceDepartment of Oncology, CHUV-UNIL, Ch. des Boveresses 155, CH-1066, Epalinges, Switzerland.
Advances in anatomy, embryology, and cell biology.Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol.2014;214:67-80. doi: 10.1007/978-3-7091-1646-3_6.
The directional flow of lymph is maintained by hundreds of intraluminal lymphatic valves. Lymphatic valves are crucial to prevent lymphedema, accumulation of fluid in the tissues, and to ensure immune surveillance; yet, the mechanisms of valve formation are only beginning to be elucidated. In this c
PMID 24276887

Quadricuspid aortic valves in Syrian hamsters and their formation according to current knowledge on valvulogenesis

López-García Alejandro,Fernández M. Carmen,Durán Ana Carmen,Sans-Coma Valentín,Fernández Borja
Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research 63(1), 37-43, 2015-02
… Currently, however, no case of quadricuspid aortic valve in adult hamsters has been recorded. …
NAID 120005567790

Single-Stage Repair of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm through a Median Sternotomy in a Patient with Pseudocoarctation of the Aorta and Severe Aortic Valve Stenosis

Yamane Yoshitaka,Morimoto Hironobu,Mukai Shogo
Annals of Vascular Diseases 8(2), 128-130, 2015
… Pseudocoarctation of the aorta has been associated with aneurysm formation in the thoracic aorta, which may cause sudden rupture or dissection. … We present a case of pseudocoarctation of the aorta associated with thoracic aortic aneurysm and severe aortic valve stenosis with a bicuspid aortic valve. …
NAID 130005084195