関: chigger、Leptotrombidium、red bug、Trombiculidae、tsutsugamushi

WordNet

mites (同)family Trombiculidae
any of numerous very small to minute arachnids often infesting animals or plants or stored foods
the syllable naming the third (mediant) note of any major scale in solmization
mite that as nymph and adult feeds on early stages of small arthropods but whose larvae are parasitic on terrestrial vertebrates

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ツツガムシ(ダニの一種) / スナノミ(南米・アフリカ産のノミ)
ダニ(動植物や貯蔵品などに寄生する虫)
〈U〉《時にa ~》(…の)ごく少量,ごく少額,ほんのちょっぴり《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉《話》ごく小さいもの,小動物,小銭;少額の寄付 / 《a ~》《副詞的に》ちょっと
ミ(全音階の第3音)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/10/21 20:55:02」(JST)

wiki en

Trombicula is a genus of harvest mites (also known as red bugs', scrub-itch mites, berry bugs, or in their larval stage, as chiggers or chigoe) in the Trombiculidae family. In their larval stage, they attach to various animals, including humans, and feed on skin, often causing itching. These relatives of ticks are nearly microscopic, measuring 0.4 mm (0.01 in) and have a chrome-orange hue. A common species of harvest mite in North America is Trombicula alfreddugesi; in the UK, the most prevalent harvest mite is Trombicula autumnalis.

The larval mites feed on the skin cells, but not blood, of animals. The six-legged parasitic larva feeds on a large variety of creatures, including humans, rabbits, toads, box turtles, quail, and even some insects. After crawling onto their hosts, they inject digestive enzymes into the skin that break down skin cells. They do not actually "bite", but instead form a hole in the skin called a stylostome, and chew up tiny parts of the inner skin, thus causing severe irritation and swelling. The severe itching is accompanied by red pimple-like bumps (papules) or hives and skin rash or lesions on a sun-exposed area. For humans, itching usually occurs after the larvae detach from the skin.

After feeding on their hosts, the larvae drop to the ground and become nymphs, then mature into adults, which have eight legs and are harmless to humans. In the postlarval stage, they are not parasitic and feed on plant materials. The females lay three to eight eggs in a clutch, usually on a leaf or under the roots of a plant, and die by autumn.

Range

Harvest mites are found throughout the world. In Europe and North America, they tend to be more prevalent in the hot and humid parts. In the more temperate regions, they are found only in the summer (in French, harvest mites are called aoûtat, after août, August; vendangeon, after vendange, harvest; or rouget, after rouge, red). In the United States, they are found mostly in the southeast, the south, and the Midwest. They are not present, or barely found, in far northern areas, high mountains, or deserts. They live in forests and grasslands, and are also found in low, damp areas where vegetation is rank, such as woodlands, berry patches, orchards, along lakes and streams, and even in drier places where vegetation is low, such as lawns, golf courses, and parks. They are most numerous in early summer, when grass, weeds, and other vegetation are heaviest. Harvest mites can also find their way into homes, and onto human hosts, on decorative Spanish moss.

Taxonomy

The genus Trombicula has 16 species recorded from North America:

Trombicula acuitlapanensis (A. Hoffmann, 1957)
Trombicula alfreddugesi
Trombicula autumnalis (Shaw)
Trombicula boneti (A. Hoffmann, 1952)
Trombicula formicarum (Berlese, 1910)
Trombicula geniticula
Trombicula halidasys
Trombicula imperfecta (Brennan & Jones, 1954)
Trombicula jamesoni (J. M. Brennan, 1948)
Trombicula jonesae (J. M. Brennan, 1952)
Trombicula nagayoi
Trombicula patrizii (Valle, 1952)
Trombicula pumilis
Trombicula spinosa
Trombicula tecta
Trombicula zeta

Other species include Trombicula batatas and Trombicula hirsti.

References

The World Book Encyclopedia, 2000 ed.
Encyclopædia Britannica, 2005 ed. Accessed with paid subscription.
Todd Ballantine (1991). Tideland treasure: the naturalist's guide to the beaches and salt marshes of Hilton Head Island and the southeastern coast. Columbia, S.C: University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 0-87249-795-X.
Green, Sherri Deatherage (June–July 2005). "Give Chiggers The Brush". Mother Earth News (210): 93–8.

External links

"Chiggers!" at Missouri Department of Conservation
Chiggers at Pestproducts.com
Iowa State University Department of Entomology Insect Information Note
NIH Medline Plus
Ohio State University Extension Fact Sheet, Entomology, Chiggers, HYG-2100-98
Trombicula autmunalis

UpToDate Contents

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1. ツツガムシ咬傷 chigger bites
2. ツツガ虫病：臨床的特徴および診断 scrub typhus clinical features and diagnosis
3. 昆虫咬傷 insect bites
4. ツツガ虫病：治療および予防 scrub typhus treatment and prevention
5. 節足動物および昆虫による咬傷の予防：防虫剤およびその他の対策法 prevention of arthropod and insect bites repellents and other measures

English Journal

Comparative morphology and ultrastructure of the prosomal salivary glands in the unfed larvae Leptotrombidium orientale (Acariformes, Trombiculidae), a possible vector of tsutsugamushi disease agent.

Shatrov AB1.
Experimental & applied acarology.Exp Appl Acarol.2015 Jul;66(3):347-67. doi: 10.1007/s10493-015-9912-5. Epub 2015 Apr 25.
The prosomal salivary glands of the unfed larvae Leptotrombidium orientale (Schluger) were investigated using transmission electron microscopy. In total, four pairs of the prosomal glands were identified-three pairs, the lateral, the medial and the anterior, belong to the podocephalic system, and on
PMID 25910992

Host-associated differences in morphometric traits of parasitic larvae Hirsutiella zachvatkini (Actinotrichida: Trombiculidae).

Moniuszko H1, Zaleśny G, Mąkol J.
Experimental & applied acarology.Exp Appl Acarol.2015 May 23. [Epub ahead of print]
Examination of host-associated variation in the chigger mite Hirsutiella zachvatkini (Schluger) revealed morphological differences among larvae infesting sympatric hosts: Apodemus agrarius, Apodemus flavicollis and Myodes glareolus. The analysis included 61 variables of larvae obtained from their gn
PMID 26002309

First detections of Rickettsia helvetica and R. monacensis in ectoparasitic mites (Laelapidae and Trombiculidae) infesting rodents in south-western Slovakia.

Miťková K1, Berthová L, Kalúz S, Kazimírová M, Burdová L, Kocianová E.
Parasitology research.Parasitol Res.2015 Apr 7. [Epub ahead of print]
Information on circulation of rickettsiae between small mammals and their ectoparasitic mites is scarce. In this study, we investigated infestation rates of rodents with mites in some areas of SW Slovakia and the role of mites as possible vectors of pathogenic rickettsiae. A total of 615 rodents of
PMID 25843569

Japanese Journal

Host-Seeking Behavior of Trombiculid Mites on Vegetation in Relation to Sika Deer

Journal of Medical Entomology 52(2), 283-288, 2015-03-02
NAID 120005603874

秋田県大曲のつつがむし病患者発生地におけるアカツツガムシによる皮膚炎

衞生動物 64(1), 27-32, 2013-03-15
NAID 10031152176

アカツツガムシ親和性 Kato 型つつが虫病患者の確認を受けての秋田県雄物川流域における調査成績(2009)

衞生動物 64(1), 21-25, 2013-03-15
NAID 10031152175

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リンク元	「ツツガムシ」「Leptotrombidium」「恙虫」「Trombiculidae」「red bug」
拡張検索	「trombiculid mites」
関連記事	「mi」「mite」

「ツツガムシ」

Trombicula
	Larval harvest mite from North America
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Arachnida
Subclass:	Acari
Order:	Trombidiformes
Family:	Trombiculidae
Genus:	Trombicula; Berlese, 1905