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a substance that transudes (同)transudation
a substance that oozes out from plant pores (同)exudation

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/10/31 21:43:01」(JST)

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Transudate is extravascular fluid with low protein content and a low specific gravity (< 1.012). It has low nucleated cell counts (less than 500 to 1000 /microlit) and the primary cell types are mononuclear cells: macrophages, lymphocytes and mesothelial cells. For instance, an ultrafiltrate of blood plasma is transudate. It results from increased fluid pressures or diminished colloid oncotic forces in the plasma.

Transudate vs. exudate

Transudate vs. exudate view talk edit
	Transudate	Exudate
Main causes	↑ hydrostatic pressure, ↓ colloid osmotic pressure	Inflammation-Increased vascular permeability
Appearance	Clear^[1]	Cloudy^[1]
Specific gravity	< 1.012	> 1.020
Protein content	< 2.5 g/dL	> 2.9 g/dL^[2]
fluid protein/ serum protein	< 0.5	> 0.5^[3]
SAAG = Serum [albumin] - Effusion [albumin]	> 1.2 g/dL	< 1.2 g/dL^[4]
fluid LDH upper limit for serum	< 0.6 or < $2 ⁄ 3$	> 0.6^[2] or > $2 ⁄ 3$ ^[3]
Cholesterol content	< 45 mg/dL	> 45 mg/dL^[2]

There is an important distinction between transudates and exudates. Transudates are caused by disturbances of hydrostatic or colloid osmotic pressure, not by inflammation. They have a low protein content in comparison to exudates and thus appear clearer.^[5]

Levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)^[6] or a Rivalta test can be used to distinguish transudate from exudate.

Their main role in nature is to protect elements of the skin and other subcutaneous substances against the contact effects of external climate and the environment and other substances – it also plays a role in integumental hygiene.

Pathology

The most common causes of pathologic transudate include conditions that :

Increase hydrostatic pressure in vessels : left ventricular heart failure,
Decrease colloid oncotic pressure in blood vessels :
- Cirrhosis (Cirrhosis leads to hypoalbuminism and decreasing of colloid oncotic pressure in plasma that causes edema)
- Nephrotic syndrome (also due to hypoalbuminemia caused by proteinuria).
- Malnutrition (hypoalbuminism)

References

^ ^a ^b The University of Utah • Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library > WebPath images > "Inflammation".
^ ^a ^b ^c Heffner J, Brown L, Barbieri C (1997). "Diagnostic value of tests that discriminate between exudative and transudative pleural effusions. Primary Study Investigators". Chest. 111 (4): 970–80. PMID 9106577. doi:10.1378/chest.111.4.970.
^ ^a ^b Light R, Macgregor M, Luchsinger P, Ball W (1972). "Pleural effusions: the diagnostic separation of transudates and exudates". Ann Intern Med. 77 (4): 507–13. PMID 4642731. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-77-4-507.
^ Roth BJ, O'Meara TF, Gragun WH (1990). "The serum-effusion albumin gradient in the evaluation of pleural effusions". Chest. 98 (3): 546–9. PMID 2152757. doi:10.1378/chest.98.3.546.
^ The University of Utah • Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library; WebPath images "Inflammation".
^ "IM Quiz: Pleural Adenocarcinoma".

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An 86-year-old man with a long-term habit of ethanol consumption was admitted due to massive transudate ascites and leg edema. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a dilated main pancreatic duct and atrophied pancreatic parenchyma, leading to the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis. Moreover, the po
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Concordant and Discordant Exudates and Their Effect on the Accuracy of Light's Criteria to Diagnose Exudative Pleural Effusions.

Ferreiro L1, Sánchez-Sánchez R2, Valdés L1, Kummerfeldt CE3, Huggins JT4.
The American journal of the medical sciences.Am J Med Sci.2016 Dec;352(6):549-556. doi: 10.1016/j.amjms.2016.08.016. Epub 2016 Sep 28.
INTRODUCTION: To describe the incidence of discordant exudate (DE) effusions, their underlying etiologies and their effect on the accuracy of the Light's criteria to diagnose exudate effusions.METHODS: A retrospective review of pleural fluid analysis (PFA) from a cohort of patients with pleural effu
PMID 27916209

Japanese Journal

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NAID 10027914850

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結核性胸膜炎における胸水アデノシンデアミナーゼ2

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結核 80(12), 731-734, 2005-12-15
… With regard to pleural effusion, 18 cases were transudate and 82 cases (9 tuberculous pleuritis, 27 lung cancer, 8 mesothelioma, 5 malignant diseases except lung cancer and mesothelioma, 5 benign asbestos pleurisy, 10 empyema, 10 parapneumonic effusion, one SLE, one parasitic infection, and 6 undetermined etiology) were exudates. …
NAID 10016904095